keyword
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38483997/predation-without-direction-selectivity
#1
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Jenna Krizan, Xiayingfang Song, Michael J Fitzpatrick, Ning Shen, Florentina Soto, Daniel Kerschensteiner
Across the animal kingdom, visual predation relies on motion-sensing neurons in the superior colliculus (SC) and its orthologs. These neurons exhibit complex stimulus preferences, including direction selectivity, which is thought to be critical for tracking the unpredictable escape routes of prey. The source of direction selectivity in the SC is contested, and its contributions to predation have not been tested experimentally. Here, we use type-specific cell removal to show that narrow-field (NF) neurons in the mouse SC guide predation...
March 19, 2024: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38435174/vestibular-rehabilitation-considerations-in-an-uncommon-optic-neuritis-a-case-report
#2
Mansee S Dangare, Anam R Sasun, Pallavi Harjpal
Optic neuritis is an inflammatory condition that leads to inflammation and damage to the optic nerve, causing visual disturbances and pain. It is commonly associated with disorders such as multiple sclerosis and often manifests as sudden, unilateral loss of vision or blurred vision. This disorder can affect individuals of any age and may lead to decreased binocular vision, potentially resulting in difficulties with depth perception and visual coordination. Physiotherapy plays a crucial role in treating optic neuritis by addressing various aspects of the illness...
February 2024: Curēus
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38414133/vestibular-decompensation-following-covid-19-infection-in-a-person-with-compensated-unilateral-vestibular-loss-a-rehabilitation-case-study
#3
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Angela R Weston, Grayson Doar, Leland E Dibble, Brian J Loyd
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Surgical removal of a vestibular schwannoma (vestibular schwannoma resection; VSR) results in a unilateral vestibular hypofunction with complaints of dizziness and imbalance. Although the anatomic lesion is permanent, recovery of balance and diminution of dizziness occurs through central neurophysiologic compensation. Compensation of the system is maintained through daily activity. Unfortunately, interruption of stimulus, such as decreased activities due to illness, can cause decompensation...
February 28, 2024: Journal of Neurologic Physical Therapy: JNPT
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38391603/leveraging-technology-for-vestibular-assessment-and-rehabilitation-in-the-operational-environment-a-scoping-review
#4
REVIEW
Carrie W Hoppes, Karen H Lambert, Susan L Whitney, Isaac D Erbele, Carlos R Esquivel, Tony T Yuan
INTRODUCTION: The vestibular system, essential for gaze and postural stability, can be damaged by threats on the battlefield. Technology can aid in vestibular assessment and rehabilitation; however, not all devices are conducive to the delivery of healthcare in an austere setting. This scoping review aimed to examine the literature for technologies that can be utilized for vestibular assessment and rehabilitation in operational environments. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A comprehensive search of PubMed was performed...
January 25, 2024: Bioengineering
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38328255/motor-neurons-are-dispensable-for-the-assembly-of-a-sensorimotor-circuit-for-gaze-stabilization
#5
Dena Goldblatt, Başak Rosti, Kyla R Hamling, Paige Leary, Harsh Panchal, Marlyn Li, Hannah Gelnaw, Stephanie Huang, Cheryl Quainoo, David Schoppik
Sensorimotor reflex circuits engage distinct neuronal subtypes, defined by precise connectivity, to transform sensation into compensatory behavior. Whether and how motor neuron populations specify the subtype fate and/or sensory connectivity of their pre-motor partners remains controversial. Here, we discovered that motor neurons are dispensable for proper connectivity in the vestibular reflex circuit that stabilizes gaze. We first measured activity following vestibular sensation in premotor projection neurons after constitutive loss of their extraocular motor neuron partners...
January 27, 2024: bioRxiv
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38289189/the-motor-apparatus-of-head-movements-in-the-oleander-hawkmoth-daphnis-nerii-lepidoptera
#6
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Agnish D Prusty, Sanjay P Sane
Head movements of insects play a vital role in diverse locomotory behaviors including flying and walking. Because insect eyes move minimally within their sockets, their head movements are essential to reduce visual blur and maintain a stable gaze. As in most vertebrates, gaze stabilization behavior in insects requires the integration of both visual and mechanosensory feedback by the neck motor neurons. Although visual feedback is derived from the optic flow over the retina of their compound eyes, mechanosensory feedback is derived from their organs of balance, similar to the vestibular system in vertebrates...
January 2024: Journal of Comparative Neurology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38263881/multisensory-integration-in-insect-flight-control
#7
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Sanjay P Sane, Ric Wehling, Tom Daniel
No abstract text is available yet for this article.
January 2024: Biology Letters
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38260489/kcnq2-3-regulates-efferent-mediated-slow-excitation-of-vestibular-afferents-in-mammals
#8
Anjali K Sinha, Choongheon Lee, Joseph C Holt
Primary vestibular afferents transmit information from hair cells about head position and movement to the CNS, which is critical for maintaining balance, gaze stability and spatial navigation. The CNS, in turn, modulates hair cells and afferents via the efferent vestibular system (EVS) and its activation of several cholinergic signaling mechanisms. Electrical stimulation of EVS neurons gives rise to three kinetically- and mechanistically-distinct afferent responses including a slow excitation, a fast excitation, and a fast inhibition...
January 1, 2024: bioRxiv
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38255116/methodology-and-experimental-protocol-for-studying-learning-and-motor-control-in-neuromuscular-structures-in-pilates
#9
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Mário José Pereira, Alexandra André, Mário Monteiro, Maria António Castro, Rui Mendes, Fernando Martins, Ricardo Gomes, Vasco Vaz, Gonçalo Dias
The benefits of Pilates have been extensively researched for their impact on muscular, psychological, and cardiac health, as well as body composition, among other aspects. This study aims to investigate the influence of the Pilates method on the learning process, motor control, and neuromuscular trunk stabilization, specifically in both experienced and inexperienced practitioners. This semi-randomized controlled trial compares the level of experience among 36 Pilates practitioners in terms of motor control and learning of two Pilates-based skills: standing plank and side crisscross...
January 17, 2024: Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland)
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38127819/the-influence-of-saccades-on-yaw-gaze-stabilization-in-fly-flight
#10
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Brock A Davis, Jean-Michel Mongeau
In a way analogous to human vision, the fruit fly D. melanogaster and many other flying insects generate smooth and saccadic movements to stabilize and shift their gaze in flight, respectively. It has been hypothesized that this combination of continuous and discrete movements benefits both flight stability and performance, particularly at high frequencies or speeds. Here we develop a hybrid control system model to explore the effects of saccades on the yaw stabilization reflex of D. melanogaster. Inspired from experimental data, the model includes a first order plant, a Proportional-Integral (PI) continuous controller, and a saccadic reset system that fires based on the integrated error of the continuous controller...
December 21, 2023: PLoS Computational Biology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38113890/drosophila-flying-in-augmented-reality-reveals-the-vision-based-control-autonomy-of-the-optomotor-response
#11
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Benjamin Cellini, Marioalberto Ferrero, Jean-Michel Mongeau
For walking, swimming, and flying animals, the optomotor response is essential to stabilize gaze. How flexible is the optomotor response? Classic work in Drosophila has argued that flies adapt flight control under augmented visual feedback conditions during goal-directed bar fixation. However, whether the lower-level, reflexive optomotor response can similarly adapt to augmented visual feedback (partially autonomous) or not (autonomous) over long timescales is poorly understood. To address this question, we developed an augmented reality paradigm to study the vision-based control autonomy of the yaw optomotor response of flying fruit flies (Drosophila)...
December 13, 2023: Current Biology: CB
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38090269/symptoms-in-unilateral-vestibular-hypofunction-are-associated-with-number-of-catch-up-saccades-and-retinal-error-results-from-the-population-based-kora-ff4-study
#12
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Maria Aubele, Eva Grill, Thomas Eggert, Erich Schneider, Ralf Strobl, Klaus Jahn, Martin Müller, Rolf Holle, Birgit Linkohr, Margit Heier, Karl-Heinz Ladwig, Nadine Lehnen
OBJECTIVE: The presence and intensity of symptoms vary in patients with unilateral vestibular hypofunction. We aimed to determine which saccadic and vestibulo-ocular reflex parameters best predict the presence of symptoms in unilateral vestibular hypofunction in order to better understand vestibular compensation and its implications for rehabilitation therapy. METHODS: Video head impulse test data were analyzed from a subpopulation of 23 symptomatic and 10 currently symptom-free participants with unilateral vestibular hypofunction, embedded in the KORA (Cooperative Health Research in the Region of Augsburg) FF4 study, the second follow-up of the KORA S4 population-based health survey (2,279 participants)...
2023: Frontiers in Neurology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38019267/multisensory-gaze-stabilization-in-response-to-subchronic-alteration-of-vestibular-type-i-hair-cells
#13
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Louise Schenberg, Aïda Palou, François Simon, Tess Bonnard, Charles-Elliot Barton, Desdemona Fricker, Michele Tagliabue, Jordi Llorens, Mathieu Beraneck
The functional complementarity of the vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) and optokinetic reflex (OKR) allows for optimal combined gaze stabilization responses (CGR) in light. While sensory substitution has been reported following complete vestibular loss, the capacity of the central vestibular system to compensate for partial peripheral vestibular loss remains to be determined. Here, we first demonstrate the efficacy of a 6-week subchronic ototoxic protocol in inducing transient and partial vestibular loss which equally affects the canal- and otolith-dependent VORs...
November 29, 2023: ELife
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38015694/visioncoach-design-and-effectiveness-study-on-vr-vision-training-for-basketball-passing
#14
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Pin-Xuan Liu, Tse-Yu Pan, Hsin-Shih Lin, Hung-Kuo Chu, Min-Chun Hu
Vision Training is important for basketball players to effectively search for teammates who has wide-open opportunities to shoot, observe the defenders around the wide-open teammates and quickly choose a proper way to pass the ball to the most suitable one. We develop an immersive virtual reality (VR) system called VisionCoach to simulate the player's viewing perspective and generate three designed systematic vision training tasks to benefit the cultivating procedure. By recording the player's eye gazing and dribbling video sequence, the proposed system can analyze the vision-related behavior to understand the training effectiveness...
November 28, 2023: IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38002480/effectiveness-of-vestibular-rehabilitation-for-patients-with-degenerative-cerebellar-ataxia-a-retrospective-cohort-study
#15
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Lisa L Heusel-Gillig, Courtney D Hall
Many patients with cerebellar ataxia have dizziness caused by oculomotor or peripheral vestibular deficits; however, there is little evidence supporting the use of vestibular rehabilitation for this population. The purpose of this study was to determine whether patients with degenerative cerebellar diseases improve following rehabilitation including vestibular exercises. A secondary aim was to identify variables associated with the outcomes. A retrospective chart review identified 42 ambulatory patients (23 men and 19 women; mean age = 54...
October 28, 2023: Brain Sciences
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37996524/a-dynamic-sequence-of-visual-processing-initiated-by-gaze-shifts
#16
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Philip R L Parker, Dylan M Martins, Emmalyn S P Leonard, Nathan M Casey, Shelby L Sharp, Elliott T T Abe, Matthew C Smear, Jacob L Yates, Jude F Mitchell, Cristopher M Niell
Animals move their head and eyes as they explore the visual scene. Neural correlates of these movements have been found in rodent primary visual cortex (V1), but their sources and computational roles are unclear. We addressed this by combining head and eye movement measurements with neural recordings in freely moving mice. V1 neurons responded primarily to gaze shifts, where head movements are accompanied by saccadic eye movements, rather than to head movements where compensatory eye movements stabilize gaze...
December 2023: Nature Neuroscience
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37965576/unravelling-the-functional-development-of-vertebrate-pathways-controlling-gaze
#17
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Marta Barandela, Carmen Núñez-González, Daichi G Suzuki, Cecilia Jiménez-López, Manuel A Pombal, Juan Pérez-Fernández
Animals constantly redirect their gaze away or towards relevant targets and, besides these goal-oriented responses, stabilizing movements clamp the visual scene avoiding image blurring. The vestibulo-ocular (VOR) and the optokinetic reflexes are the main contributors to gaze stabilization, whereas the optic tectum integrates multisensory information and generates orienting/evasive gaze movements in all vertebrates. Lampreys show a unique stepwise development of the visual system whose understanding provides important insights into the evolution and development of vertebrate vision...
2023: Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37964728/short-term-learning-of-the-vestibulo-ocular-reflex-induced-by-a-custom-interactive-computer-game
#18
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Qi Li, Honglu Xu, Weicong Chen, Andrew Su, Michael J Fu, Mark F Walker
Retinal image slip during head rotation during head rotation drives motor learning in the rotational vestibulo-ocular reflex (rVOR) and forms the basis of gaze-stability exercises that treat vestibular dysfunction. Clinical exercises, however, are unengaging, cannot easily be titrated to the level of impairment, and provide neither direct feedback nor tracking of the patient's adherence, performance, and progress. To address this, we have developed a custom application for rVOR training based on an interactive computer game...
November 15, 2023: Journal of Neurophysiology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37941084/the-slow-emergence-of-gaze-and-point-following-a-longitudinal-study-of-infants-from-4-to-12-months
#19
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Yueyan Tang, Marybel Robledo Gonzalez, Gedeon O Deák
Acquisition of visual attention-following skills, notably gaze- and point-following, contributes to infants' ability to share attention with caregivers, which in turn contributes to social learning and communication. However, the development of gaze- and point-following in the first 18 months remains controversial, in part because of different testing protocols and standards. To address this, we longitudinally tested N = 43 low-risk, North American middle-class infants' tendency to follow gaze direction, pointing gestures, and gaze-and-point combinations...
November 8, 2023: Developmental Science
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37918398/neural-mechanisms-to-incorporate-visual-counterevidence-in-self-movement-estimation
#20
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Ryosuke Tanaka, Baohua Zhou, Margarida Agrochao, Bara A Badwan, Braedyn Au, Natalia C B Matos, Damon A Clark
In selecting appropriate behaviors, animals should weigh sensory evidence both for and against specific beliefs about the world. For instance, animals measure optic flow to estimate and control their own rotation. However, existing models of flow detection can be spuriously triggered by visual motion created by objects moving in the world. Here, we show that stationary patterns on the retina, which constitute evidence against observer rotation, suppress inappropriate stabilizing rotational behavior in the fruit fly Drosophila...
October 26, 2023: Current Biology: CB
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