Ultrasound guidance

Ultrasound-guided surgery is a new trend stemming from the introduction of high-frequency linear probes and better quality screens. Surgical treatment of carpal tunnel syndrome is increasingly being performed under ultrasound guidance. Knowledge of musculoskeletal ultrasonography is obviously mandatory. Several types of cutting instruments (miniature knife, Gigli saw or hook) and surgical approaches (wrist or palm) have been described. Ultrasonography allows the wide-awake and local anesthesia with no tourniquet (WALANT) technique to be used in the context of ambulatory patient care...

BACKGROUND: Increasing coronary lesion calcification is thought to be associated with adverse percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and clinical outcomes. We investigated the effects of calcium burden on culprit lesion morphology and clinical events after intravascular ultrasound (IVUS)-guided PCI in the ADAPT-DES study. METHODS: ADAPT-DES was a prospective, multicenter registry of 8582 consecutive patients undergoing successful PCI using DES. A pre-specified virtual histology (VH)-IVUS substudy of 638 culprit lesions (638 patients) had both pre- and post-PCI VH-IVUS...

BACKGROUND: Lymphatic malformations (LMs) are low-flow congenital lesions that consist of cysts of varying size. Sclerotherapy with intralesional bleomycin and OK-432 has been reported to yield dramatically beneficial results for this disorder. However, inflammation-related symptoms are often seen after treatment with these sclerosing agents. On the other hand, polidocanol (POL) is reportedly associated with fewer allergic and inflammatory reactions. Up to now, however, very few reports have documented the use of POL microfoam for treatment of LMs...

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to evaluate the long-term safety and effectiveness of endovenous cyanoacrylate (CA)-based closure of incompetent great saphenous veins. METHODS: This was a prospective, single-arm, single-center feasibility study conducted at the Canela Clinic (La Romana, Dominican Republic) to assess the effectiveness and safety of a CA-based adhesive for great saphenous vein closure at 36 months after treatment. Thirty-eight subjects were treated by injection of small boluses of CA under ultrasound guidance and without the use of perivenous tumescent anesthesia or postprocedure graduated compression stockings...

PURPOSE: To evaluate efficacy and toxicity of stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) with CyberKnife® (Accuray, Sunnyvale, CA, USA) in a selected cohort of primary, medically inoperable early-stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. METHODS: From 2012 to 2016, 106 patients (median age 74 years, range 50-94 years) with primary NSCLC were treated with SBRT using CyberKnife®. Histologic confirmation was available in 87 patients (82%). For mediastinal staging, 92 patients (87%) underwent (18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron-emission tomography (18-FDG-PET) and/or endobronchial ultrasound (EBUS)-guided lymph node biopsy or mediastinoscopy...

The aim of the study was to investigate the curative effect of botulinum toxin type A (BTX-A) injection into stellate ganglion under ultrasound guidance in patients suffering from insomnia. From October 2015 to April 2016, 48 patients suffering from insomnia were enrolled in this study. Patients were divided into 2 groups using a random digital grouping method: i) Control group (24 cases), and ii) treatment group (24 cases). Patients in the control group received 1 mg oral estazolam 30 min before sleep every night, while patients in the treatment group received BTX-A injection in bilateral stellate ganglions under ultrasound guidance...

Accurate identification of the needle target is crucial for effective epidural anesthesia. Currently, epidural needle placement is administered by a manual technique, relying on the sense of feel, which has a significant failure rate. Moreover, misleading the needle may lead to inadequate anesthesia, post dural puncture headaches and other potential complications. Ultrasound offers guidance to the physician for identification of the needle target, but accurate interpretation and localization remain challenges...

We investigate a new framework of surgical instrument detection based on power-varying ultrasound images with simple and efficient pixel-wise intensity processing. Without using complicated feature extraction methods, we identified the instrument with an estimated optimal power level and by comparing pixel values of varying transducer power level images. The proposed framework exploits the physics of ultrasound imaging system by varying the transducer power level to effectively distinguish metallic surgical instruments from tissue...

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Ultrasound (USG) guidance has long been used for guiding central venous catheterization. USG provides direct visualization of needle puncture through the skin into the vein. Most of the time USG guidance is just limited to puncturing of the vein and seeing guidewire entering the vein while malpositioning of catheter occurs after that which is seen later on while checking chest radiograph. Repositioning of catheter after that becomes not only difficult requiring repeated chest radiograph to reconfirm position of catheter but also increases chances of infection with repeated manipulations...

OBJECTIVES: This work focused on extracting novel and validated digital high-throughput features to present a detailed and comprehensive description of the American College of Radiology Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) with the goal of improving the accuracy of ultrasound breast cancer diagnosis. METHODS: First, the phase congruency approach was used to segment the tumors automatically. Second, high-throughput features were designed and extracted on the basis of each BI-RADS category...

PROBLEM: Emergency medical care often necessitates placement of peripheral intravenous (PIV) catheters. When traditional methods for obtaining PIV access are not successful, ultrasound guidance is a rescue technique for peripheral vascular placement that improves the quality of patient care. METHODS: The aim of this training program was to develop a process where emergency nurses would be competent to perform ultrasound guided PIV to improve the quality of patient care delivered while reducing throughput time...

Pediatric emergency physicians at Kaplan Medical Center regularly reduce forearm fractures under point-of-care ultrasound guidance in the pediatric emergency department. We present 3 children who arrived at our department with shortened, angulated forearm fractures within the span of a single week. We report on the successful reduction of these fractures under point-of-care ultrasound and on the maintenance of anatomic alignment at follow-up 1 week postreduction.

Despite its popularity, ultrasound (US)-guided regional anesthesiology is associated with significant limitations. The latter can be attributed to either the US machine (ie, decreased ability to insonate deep neural structures, as well as the thoracic spine) or the operator. Shortcomings associated with the operator can be explained by errors in perception (ie, ambiguous criteria for needle/catheter tip-to-nerve proximity and subparaneural local anesthetic injection) or interpretation. Perhaps the greatest confusion afflicting US-guided regional anesthesiology originates from an intellectual misconception pertaining to its application...

BACKGROUND: Caudo-lumbar and caudo-thoracic epidural anesthesia is an established technique that carries a low risk of dural puncture or spinal cord trauma in infants. Traditionally catheter advancement is based on external measurements. However, malpositioning of catheters are known to occur. We hypothesized that caudal-epidural catheters inserted under real-time ultrasound guidance may be more accurate than the accuracy of the measurements traditionally used for their placement. METHODS: We studied 25 patients, aged 2 days to 5 months, posted for abdominal or thoracic surgery, receiving general anesthesia followed by caudo-epidural continuous block...

BACKGROUND: High intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) has gained clinical interest as a non-invasive local tumour therapy in many organs. In addition, it has been shown that lung cancer can be targeted by HIFU using One-Lung Flooding (OLF). OLF generates a gas free saline-lung compound in one lung wing and therefore acoustic access to central lung tumours. It can be assumed that lung parenchyma is exposed to ultrasound intensities in the pre-focal path and in cases of misguiding. If so, cavitation might be induced in the saline fraction of flooded lung and cause tissue damage...

BACKGROUND: Totally implantable venous access devices (TIVADs) represent a convenient way for the administration of medications or nutrients. Traditionally, chest ports have been positioned by surgeons in the operating room, however there has been a transition over the years to port insertion by interventional radiologists in the radiology suite. The optimal method for chest port placement is still under debate. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Data on all adult patients undergoing isolated chest port placement at our institution in a 12-year period were retrospectively reviewed...

Contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) is a serious complication in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), and is associated with higher morbidity and mortality. The limiting volume of contrast medium is safest and most reliable strategy for CIN prevention. Intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) serves as an attractive alternative imaging tool to angiography in many steps during PCI, thereby reducing the use of contrast agents. Here, we reported a case of successfully treated unprotected left main bifurcation lesion with heavily calcified and diffuse lesion under the IVUS-guided PCI using low volumes of contrast dye of total 12 cc in an elderly patient...

BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS : Accurate endoscopic detection of dysplasia in patients with Barrett's esophagus (BE) remains a major clinical challenge. The current standard is to take multiple biopsies under endoscopic image guidance, but this leaves the majority of the tissue unsampled, leading to significant risk of missing dysplasia. Furthermore, determining whether there is submucosal invasion is essential for proper staging. Hence, there is a clinical need for a rapid in vivo wide-field imaging method to identify dysplasia in BE, with the capability of imaging beyond the mucosal layer...

Histotripsy utilizes focused ultrasound to generate bubble clouds for transcutaneous tissue liquefaction. Image guidance of histotripsy pulses is required to provide spatially resolved monitoring of treatment progress. The aim of this study was to investigate the feasibility of plane wave B-mode and passive cavitation images to be used as binary classifiers of histotripsy-induced liquefaction. Prostate tissue phantoms were exposed to mechanically ablative histotripsy pulses over a range of pulse durations (5 - 20 μs) and peak negative pressures (12 - 23 MPa)...