velocity storage mechanism

In this study, DFT based first principles calculations are used for measuring the structural, elastic, mechanical, electronic, optical and thermodynamic features of topological semimetal TaM2 (M = As, Sb) under various pressures. We conducted the first investigation into the physical properties of the topological semimetal TaM2 (M = As, Sb) under pressure. Formation energy and Born stability criteria justify the compound's thermodynamic and mechanical stability. We used elastic constants, elastic moduli, Kleinman parameter, machinability index, and Vickers hardness to investigate the mechanical properties of topological semimetal TaM2 ...

Prepacked chromatography columns and cassette filtration units offer many advantages in bioprocessing. These include reduced labor costs and processing times, ease of storage, and enhanced process flexibility. Rectangular formats are particularly attractive as they can be easily stacked and multiplexed together for continuous processing. Cylindrical chromatography beds have dominated bioprocessing even though their bed support and pressure-flow performance vary with bed dimensions. This work presents the performance of novel, rhombohedral chromatography devices with internally supported beds...

Energy storage of passive muscles plays an important part in frequent activities of honey bee abdomens due to the muscle distribution and open circulatory system. However, the elastic energy and mechanical properties of structure in passive muscles remain unclear. In this article, stress relaxation tests on passive muscles from the terga of the honey bee abdomens were performed under different concentrations of blebbistatin and motion parameters. In stress relaxation, the load drop with the rapid and slow stages depending on stretching velocity and stretching length reflects the features of myosin-titin series structure and cross-bridge-actin cyclic connections in muscles...

INTRODUCTION: The relationship between the Achilles tendon moment arm length (ATMA ) and the energy cost of running (Erun ) has been disputed. Some studies suggest a short ATMA reduces Erun while others claim a long ATMA reduces Erun . For a given ankle joint moment, a short ATMA permits a higher tendon strain energy storage, whereas a long ATMA reduces muscle fascicle force and muscle energy cost but shortening velocity is increased, elevating the metabolic cost. These are all conflicting mechanisms to reduce Erun , since AT energy storage comes at a metabolic cost...

Global traveltime modeling is an essential component of modern seismological studies with a whole gamut of applications ranging from earthquake source localization to seismic velocity inversion. Emerging acquisition technologies like distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) promise a new era of seismological discovery by allowing a high-density of seismic observations. Conventional traveltime computation algorithms are unable to handle virtually millions of receivers made available by DAS arrays. Therefore, we develop GlobeNN-a neural network based traveltime function that can provide seismic traveltimes obtained from the cached realistic 3-D Earth model...

Rapid movements of limbs and appendages, faster than those produced by simple muscle contraction alone, are generated through mechanical networks consisting of springs and latches. The latch plays a central role in these spring-loaded mechanisms, but the structural details of the latch are not always known. The mandibles of the trap-jaw ant Odontomachus kuroiwae closes the mandible extremely quickly to capture prey or to perform mandible-powered defensive jumps to avoid potential threats. The jump is mediated by a mechanical spring and latch system embodied in the mandible...

In this study, simultaneous storage and growth mechanism, as well as the formation processes of organic nitrogen (ON), were both introduced into activated sludge model 3 (ASM3), and ASM3-ON was formed to predict the operation of biofilm treatment processes and the formation of dissolved organic nitrogen (DON). ASM3-ON was applied to a lab-scale biological aerated filter (BAF) for water supply. During the simulation, the sensitivities of chemical oxygen demand (COD), ammonia nitrogen (NH4 + -N), nitrate nitrogen (NOx - -N), and DON to the stoichiometric and kinetic coefficients in the model were analyzed first by the Sobol method...

We present our discovery of switchable high explosives (HEs) as a new class of energetic material that cannot detonate unless filled with a fluid. The performance of fluid-filled additive-manufactured HE lattices is herein evaluated by analysis of detonation velocity and Gurney energy. The Gurney energy of the unfilled lattice was 98% lower than that of the equivalent water-filled lattice and changing the fluid mechanical properties allowed tuning of the Gurney energy and detonation velocity by 8.5% and 13...

During cold storage, boar spermatozoa undergo oxidative stress, which can impair sperm function and fertilizing capacity. The objective of the present study was to assess the effects of Schisandrin B (Sch B) in semen extenders on the quality of boar semen stored at hypothermia. Semen was collected from twelve Duroc boars and diluted in extenders supplemented with different concentrations of Sch B (0 μmol/L, 2.5 μmol/L, 5 μmol/L, 10 μmol/L, 20 μmol/L, and 40 μmol/L). Here, we demonstrated that 10 μmol/L Sch B provided the best effects on motility, plasma membrane integrity, acrosome integrity, sperm normality rate, average movement velocity, wobbility, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), and DNA integrity of sperm...

Root damages due to mechanical impacts result in deterioration in commercial sugar beet quality. In order to determine the mechanical characteristics of roots, a stand equipped with a pendulum enabling impact investigations of whole beets was used. The roots were stored in a monitored environment for up to 5 days (temperature 15 ± 2 °C, 40 ± 2%). During the tests, the beets were struck against a flat steel resistant surface with the velocities Vimp = 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 m·s-1 . The measurements of local root curvatures in three chosen impact areas and the deformation ( dmax ) allowed modelling of the volume of contact ( CV ) by means of the ellipsoid cap...

BACKGROUND: During counter movement jumps, adding weight in the eccentric phase and then suddenly releasing this weight during the concentric phase, known as accentuated eccentric loading (AEL), has been suggested to immediately improve jumping performance. The level of evidence for the positive effects of AEL remains weak, with conflicting evidence over the effectiveness in enhancing performance. Therefore, we proposed to theoretically explore the influence of implementing AEL during constrained vertical jumping using computer modelling and simulation and examined whether the proposed mechanism of enhanced power, increased elastic energy storage and return, could enhance work and power...

Physical properties and mechanical parameters of intact rocks are essential in defining geomechanical characteristics of rock masses. The latter are fundamental in the geotechnical design and numerical modelling of engineering-geological applications involving slope stability analyses as well as the design of dams, foundations, tunnels, open and underground mines, nuclear storage repository etc. Time and financial constraints of many projects often do not allow to perform all the laboratory tests necessary for physical-mechanical characterization of the rock matrix...

While the brain has evolved robust mechanisms to counter spatial disorientation, their neural underpinnings remain unknown. To explore these underpinnings, we monitored the activity of anterodorsal thalamic head-direction (HD) cells in rats while they underwent uni- or bi-directional rotation at different speeds and under different conditions (light vs. dark, freely-moving vs. head-fixed). Under conditions that promoted disorientation HD cells did not become quiescent but continued to fire, although their firing was no longer direction-specific...

Mountain rivers are typically seen as relatively pristine ecosystems, supporting numerous goods (e.g., water resources) for human populations living not only in the mountain regions but also downstream from them. However recent evidence suggests that mountain river valleys in populated areas can be substantially polluted by macroplastic (plastic item >25 mm). It is unknown how distinct characteristics of mountain rivers modulate macroplastic routes through them, which makes planning effective mitigation strategies difficult...

Shear wave elastography (SWE) is now becoming an indispensable diagnostic tool in the routine examination of liver diseases. In particular, accuracy is required for shear wave propagation velocity measurement, which is directly related to diagnostic accuracy. It is generally accepted that the liver shear wave propagation velocity reflects the degree of fibrosis, but there are still few reports on other factors that increase the shear wave propagation velocity. In this study, we reviewed such factors in the literature and examined their mechanisms...

Leather is a niche material used for upholsteries, gloves, and garments due to its high durability, flexibility, and softness properties. The inclusion of nanoparticles in the leather matrix provides multifunctionality for high-performance applications. Herein, we synthesized hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) nanoparticles via a single-step hydrothermal synthesis and treated the leather after dispersing in polyethylene glycol (PEG) to yield h-BN/PEG-treated leathers. Atomic force microscopy and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy analysis ascertained the particle size of 30-50 nm for as-synthesized h-BN nanoparticles...

Deep geological disposal of high-level radioactive waste is a feasible method for solving the problem of spent fuel storage in China. High-level radioactive waste releases heat during the decay process, which increases the temperature of the surrounding rock in the repository, resulting in a significant increase in radon concentration. In this study, the surrounding rock (granite) of a high-level radioactive waste repository was taken as the research object and, based on the similarity principle, an orthogonal test designed...

Recently various topological polar structures have been discovered in oxide thin films. Despite the increasing evidence of their switchability under electrical and/or mechanical fields, the dynamic property of isolated ones, which is usually required for applications such as data storage, is still absent. Here, we show the controlled nucleation and motion of isolated three-fold vertices under an applied electric field. At the PbTiO3 /SrRuO3 interface, a two-unit-cell thick SrTiO3 layer provides electrical boundary conditions for the formation of three-fold vertices...

Polymeric poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)-based composite hydrogels are promising materials with various biomedical applications. However, their mechanical and tribological properties should be tailored for such applications. In this study, we report the fabrication of PVA-gellan gum (GG) composite hydrogels and determine the effect of GG content on their rheological and tribological properties. The rheology tests revealed an enhanced storage (elastic) modulus with increased gellan gum (GG) concentration. The results showed up to 89% enhancement of the elastic modulus of PVA by adding 0...

In the rotational moulding industry, non-used, scrap, and waste purge materials have tremendous potential to be reprocessed and applied in skin-foam-skin sandwich structures to replace and reduce the use of virgin polymers. This approach not only encourages the re-use of these waste materials but also significantly contributes to reduce environmental impacts associated with the use of virgin polymers in this sector. The demand of rotationally moulded sandwich structures is rapidly increasing in automotive, marine, and storage tanks, where investigating their impact and after-impact responses are crucial...