keyword
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38470630/tokophobia-psychopathology-and-diagnostic-consideration-of-ten-cases
#1
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Toshinori Kitamura, Mizuki Takegata, Yuriko Usui, Yukiko Ohashi, Satoshi Sohda, Jun Takeda, Tomomi Saito, Yasuyo Kasai, Hideki Watanabe, Megumi Haruna, Satoru Takeda
Tokophobia is regarded as the intensive fear of childbirth that some pregnant women have. However, little is known about the psychopathological details of tokophobia (fear of childbirth). Between 2020 and 2021, a total of 10 pregnant women (nine nulliparae and one multipara) with a strong fear of childbirth were referred by obstetricians. Semi-structured psychopathological interviews were conducted, and two cases were judged to have obsession, three an overvalued idea, and one secondary delusion. Three were characterised by both obsession and overvalued idea and one by both obsession and secondary delusion...
February 21, 2024: Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland)
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38453896/association-between-resting-state-connectivity-patterns-in-the-defensive-system-network-and-treatment-response-in-spider-phobia-a-replication-approach
#2
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Elisabeth J Leehr, Fabian R Seeger, Joscha Böhnlein, Bettina Gathmann, Thomas Straube, Kati Roesmann, Markus Junghöfer, Hanna Schwarzmeier, Niklas Siminski, Martin J Herrmann, Till Langhammer, Janik Goltermann, Dominik Grotegerd, Susanne Meinert, Nils R Winter, Udo Dannlowski, Ulrike Lueken
Although highly effective on average, exposure-based treatments do not work equally well for all patients with anxiety disorders. The identification of pre-treatment response-predicting patient characteristics may enable patient stratification. Preliminary research highlights the relevance of inhibitory fronto-limbic networks as such. We aimed to identify pre-treatment neural signatures differing between exposure treatment responders and non-responders in spider phobia and to validate results through rigorous replication...
March 7, 2024: Translational Psychiatry
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38450021/the-fear-of-spiders-perceptual-features-assessed-in-augmented-reality
#3
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Sergio Frumento, Paolo Frumento, Marco Laurino, Danilo Menicucci, Angelo Gemignani
BACKGROUND: Persons with specific phobias typically generalize the dangerousness of the phobic animal to all members of its species, possibly as a result of malfunctioning brain circuitry normally providing quick and dirty identification of evolutionary-relevant stimuli. An objective assessment of which perceptual features make an animal more or less scary to phobic and non-phobic people would help overcome the limitations of the few studies available so far, based on self-reports. OBJECTIVE: To achieve this aim, we built an augmented reality setting where volunteers with different levels of fear of spiders were asked to make holographic spiders that look either dangerous or harmless...
2024: Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38446522/a-smartphone-gamified-virtual-reality-exposure-therapy-augmented-with-biofeedback-for-ailurophobia-development-and-evaluation-study
#4
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Ali Khaleghi, Abbas Narimani, Zahra Aghaei, Anahita Khorrami Banaraki, Peyman Hassani-Abharian
BACKGROUND: To the best of our knowledge, no specialized research has been conducted to address ailurophobia (fear of cats) in Iran or globally. This has driven our project, along with the prevalence of ailurophobia and the absence of a gamified virtual reality exposure therapy (VRET) that incorporates affordable and easily accessible biofeedback (BF) tools. We hypothesize that a gamified VRET augmented with BF will yield more positive effects than a similar device lacking BF. OBJECTIVE: This study primarily focuses on the development and preliminary evaluation of a smartphone-gamified VRET integrated with BF, targeting animal phobia, with a specific case study on ailurophobia...
March 6, 2024: JMIR Serious Games
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38440241/the-efficacy-of-augmented-reality-exposure-therapy-in-the-treatment-of-spider-phobia-a-randomized-controlled-trial
#5
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Tomas Jurcik, Svetlana Zaremba-Pike, Vladimir Kosonogov, Abdul-Raheem Mohammed, Yulia Krasavtseva, Tadamasa Sawada, Irina Samarina, Nilufar Buranova, Peter Adu, Nikita Sergeev, Andrei Skuratov, Anastasia Demchenko, Yakov Kochetkov
The evidence for the use of Augmented Reality (AR) in treating specific phobias has been growing. However, issues of accessibility persist, especially in developing countries. The current study examined a novel, but relatively simple therapist guided smartphone-based AR Exposure Treatment (ARET) of spider phobia. Participants who reported symptoms of Arachnophobia were randomized into one of three comparison groups: ARET ( n  = 20), traditional in vivo exposure therapy (IVET; n  = 18) and a waitlist control group ( n  = 17)...
2024: Frontiers in Psychology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38426046/mental-health-services-for-german-university-students-acceptance-of-intervention-targets-and-preference-for-delivery-modes
#6
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Fanny Kählke, Penelope Hasking, Ann-Marie Küchler, Harald Baumeister
INTRODUCTION: Most university students with mental disorders remain untreated. Evaluating the acceptance of intervention targets in mental health treatment, promotion, and prevention, as well as mental health service delivery modes is crucial for reducing potential barriers, increasing healthcare utilization, and efficiently allocating resources in healthcare services. AIM: The study aimed to evaluate the acceptance of various intervention targets and delivery modes of mental health care services in German first-year university students...
2024: Frontiers in digital health
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38425327/a-dynamic-foundation-aberrations-of-sleep-architecture-and-its-association-with-clinical-and-sub-clinical-psychopathology
#7
REVIEW
Richard C Todd
This investigation centered on the hypnagogic and hypnopompic wake-sleep/sleep-wake transition states and the associated exploration of hypnagogic and hypnopompic experiences (HHEs), and sleep paralysis (SP) on psychiatric exacerbation and paradoxical masking. The study aims to discern causality by examining how these sleep-related experiences may contribute to the emergence or exacerbation of psychiatric and neurodegenerative conditions, particularly, pertaining to the clinical or sub-clinical demographic of Schizotypal Personality Disorder (STPD), Mood Disorders, Schizophrenia, Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD), Narcolepsy, Panic Disorder, specific phobias, or heightened psychotic sensitivity...
February 2024: Curēus
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38424282/more-than-fear-brain-activation-patterns-of-dental-phobic-patients-before-and-after-an-exposure-based-treatment
#8
JOURNAL ARTICLE
André Wannemueller, Jürgen Margraf, Martin Busch, Hans-Peter Jöhren, Boris Suchan
Hyperactivation of brain networks conferring defensive mobilization is assumed to underlie inappropriate defensive-preparation in patients with Specific Phobia. However, studies targeting Dental Phobia (DP) yielded quite heterogeneous results and research concerning the effects of exposure treatments on phobic brain activation so far is missing. This functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) study aimed to investigate activation patterns in DP patients during exposure to phobia-related stimuli and the effects of an exposure-based fear treatment on phobia-related activation...
March 1, 2024: Journal of Neural Transmission
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38388835/weight-biases-body-image-and-obesity-risk-knowledge-in-the-groups-of-nursing-students-from-poland-and-nigeria
#9
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Wojciech Styk, Marzena Samardakiewicz, Szymon Zmorzynski
Each population may have its own specific characteristics and cultural differences, which can affect perceptions of one's body, obesity, and the development of weight-related biases. The goal of our study is to (I) examine weight biases among incoming nursing students from two distinct cultures; (II) determine whether the cultural differences may be reflected in the levels of fat phobia, attitudes, and behaviors related to overweight and obesity; (III) adapt the Fat Phobia Scale and translate it into Polish...
February 22, 2024: Scientific Reports
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38382649/antipsychotic-agents-in-anxiety-disorders-an-umbrella-review
#10
REVIEW
Amir Garakani, Frank D Buono, Mona Salehi, Melissa C Funaro, Anna Klimowicz, Harshit Sharma, Clara G F Faria, Kaitlyn Larkin, Rafael C Freire
BACKGROUND: Although not approved for the treatment of anxiety disorders (except trifluoperazine) there is ongoing off-label, unapproved use of first-generation antipsychotics (FGAs) and second-generation antipsychotics (SGAs) for anxiety disorders. There have been systematic reviews and meta-analyses on the use of antipsychotics in anxiety disorders, most of which focused on SGAs. OBJECTIVE: The specific aims of this umbrella review are to: (1) Evaluate the evidence of efficacy of FGAs and SGAs in anxiety disorders as an adjunctive treatment to traditional antidepressant treatments and other nonantipsychotic medications; (2) Compare monotherapy with antipsychotics to first-line treatments for anxiety disorders in terms of effectiveness, risks, and side effects...
February 21, 2024: Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38381711/preventing-fear-return-in-humans-music-based-intervention-during-reactivation-extinction-paradigm
#11
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Ankita Verma, Sharmili Mitra, Abdulrahman Khamaj, Vivek Kant, Manish Kumar Asthana
In several research studies, the reactivation extinction paradigm did not effectively prevent the return of fear if administered without any intervention technique. Therefore, in this study, the authors hypothesized that playing music (high valence, low arousal) during the reconsolidation window may be a viable intervention technique for eliminating fear-related responses. A three-day auditory differential fear conditioning paradigm was used to establish fear conditioning. Participants were randomly assigned into three groups, i...
2024: PloS One
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38381476/internet-based-cognitive-behavioral-therapy-for-children-and-adolescents-with-dental-or-injection-phobia-randomized-controlled-trial
#12
RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL
Robert Schibbye, Erik Hedman-Lagerlöf, Viktor Kaldo, Göran Dahllöf, Shervin Shahnavaz
BACKGROUND: Dental phobia (DP) and injection phobia (IP) are common in children and adolescents and are considered some of the biggest obstacles to successful treatment in pediatric dentistry. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is an evidence-based treatment for anxiety and phobias. As the availability of CBT in dentistry is low, internet-based CBT (ICBT) was developed. Open trials have shown that ICBT is a promising intervention, but randomized trials are lacking. OBJECTIVE: This randomized controlled trial tests whether therapist-guided ICBT supported by a parent could reduce fear, allowing children and adolescents with DP or IP to receive dental treatment...
February 21, 2024: Journal of Medical Internet Research
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38355584/memory-persistence-from-fundamental-mechanisms-to-translational-opportunities
#13
REVIEW
Santiago Abel Merlo, Mariano Andrés Belluscio, Maria Eugenia Pedreira, Emiliano Merlo
Memory persistence is a double edge sword. Persistence of adaptive memories is essential for survival and even determines who we are. Neurodegenerative conditions with significant memory loss such as Alzheimer's disease, testify how defects of memory persistence have severe and irreversible effects on personality, among other symptoms. Yet, maintenance of overly strong maladaptive memories underlies highly debilitating psychiatric conditions including post-traumatic stress disorder, specific phobia, substance dependence and binge eating disorder...
February 14, 2024: Translational Psychiatry
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38347199/a-molecularly-defined-amygdala-independent-tetra-synaptic-forebrain-to-hindbrain-pathway-for-odor-driven-innate-fear-and-anxiety
#14
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Hao Wang, Qin Wang, Liuzhe Cui, Xiaoyang Feng, Ping Dong, Liheng Tan, Lin Lin, Hong Lian, Shuxia Cao, Huiqian Huang, Peng Cao, Xiao-Ming Li
Fear-related disorders (for example, phobias and anxiety) cause a substantial public health problem. To date, studies of the neural basis of fear have mostly focused on the amygdala. Here we identify a molecularly defined amygdala-independent tetra-synaptic pathway for olfaction-evoked innate fear and anxiety in male mice. This pathway starts with inputs from the olfactory bulb mitral and tufted cells to pyramidal neurons in the dorsal peduncular cortex that in turn connect to cholecystokinin-expressing (Cck+ ) neurons in the superior part of lateral parabrachial nucleus, which project to tachykinin 1-expressing (Tac1+ ) neurons in the parasubthalamic nucleus...
February 12, 2024: Nature Neuroscience
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38332973/creating-a-low-stimulus-clinic-to-improve-immunization-success-rates-for-children-with-alternate-environment-needs-a-quality-improvement-initiative
#15
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Megan McDonald, Shauna Gallaugher, Elise Kammerer, Samina Ali
Patients with specific sensory needs may face barriers to receiving their immunizations. Therefore, a Low-Stimulus Clinic was created in Alberta. Modifications to regular clinic space included lower visual and auditory input, access to longer appointment times and private clinic spaces, development of pre-appointment comfort plans, and offering of in-vehicle immunization. Between April 2021 and May 2022, 90% (641/712) of booked patients were successfully immunized. The top reasons for accessing the clinic included autism spectrum disorder (229/712, 32%), and needle fear/phobia (195/712, 27%)...
February 2024: Paediatrics & Child Health
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38332338/the-natural-history-of-lifetime-psychiatric-disorders-in-patients-with-obsessive-compulsive-disorder-followed-over-half-a-century
#16
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Isak Fredén Klenfeldt, Gunnar Skoog, Johan Skoog, Ingmar Skoog
OBJECTIVE: Few long-term studies have examined the life-time prevalence of comorbid psychiatric conditions in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). We therefore studied the frequency of comorbid psychiatric disorders, and their relation to onset and prognosis, in patients with OCD who were followed for almost half a century. METHODS: During 1947-1953, 285 OCD patients were admitted as inpatients to a university hospital in Gothenburg, Sweden. Among those, 251 (88%) accepted a structured comprehensive psychiatric examination in 1954-1956...
February 8, 2024: Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38327097/childhood-clinical-features-preceding-the-onset-of-bipolar-versus-major-depressive-disorders-during-adolescence
#17
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Clotilde Guidetti, Giulia Serra, Massimo Apicella, Elisa Andracchio, Maria Elena Iannoni, Monia Trasolini, Giorgia Della Santa, Gino Maglio, Stefano Vicari
OBJECTIVE: To identify childhood psychopathological features that predict the onset of adolescent Bipolar (BD) versus Unipolar Major Depressive Disorder (UD) during adolescence. METHOD: We analyzed clinical data from 495 juveniles diagnosed with DSM-5 UD ( n  = 359), and BD ( n  = 136), using bivariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression model. RESULTS: BD subjects exhibited earlier onset of any psychiatric feature compared to UD...
February 7, 2024: Journal of Attention Disorders
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38311605/express-the-social-learning-account-of-trypophobia
#18
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Abbie Millett, Geoff G Cole, Marie Juanchich
Trypophobia is the condition in which individuals report a range of negative emotions when viewing clusters of small holes. Since the phenomenon was first described in the peer-reviewed literature a decade ago, 47 papers have appeared together with hundreds of news articles. There has also been much discussion on various internet forums, including medical and health-related websites. In the present article, we examine the degree to which the phenomenon is caused by a form of social learning, specifically, its ubiquitous social media presence...
February 4, 2024: Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology: QJEP
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38301293/is-disgust-more-resistant-to-extinction-than-fear-a-meta-analytic-review-of-laboratory-paradigms
#19
REVIEW
Benjamin J Mitchell, Karin G Coifman, Bunmi O Olatunji
Disgust can be acquired via evaluative conditioning; a process by which a neutral stimulus (conditioned stimulus; CS) comes to be evaluated as disgusting due to its pairing with an inherently disgusting stimulus (unconditioned stimulus; US). Research has shown that conditioned disgust responses are resistant to extinction which may have implications for disorders (i.e., contamination-based obsessive-compulsive disorder, specific phobias, and post-traumatic stress disorder) in which heightened disgust has been implicated...
January 17, 2024: Behaviour Research and Therapy
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38295837/-emetophobia-the-specific-phobia-of-vomiting-a-case-report
#20
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Andreas Philipp Eckert, Lisa Wallner, Ataraxia Clara-Sophia Hofstädter
No abstract text is available yet for this article.
January 31, 2024: Fortschritte der Neurologie-Psychiatrie
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