potentiometer sensor

Choline is an essential micronutrient for infants' brain development and health. To ensure that infants receive the needed daily dose of choline, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has set requirements for choline levels in commercialized infant formulas. Unfortunately, not all families can access well-regulated formulas, leading to potential inadequacies in choline intake. Economic constraints or difficulties in obtaining formulas, exacerbated by situations like COVID-19, prompt families to stretch formulas...

To measure the micro-displacement reliably with high precision, a single-ended eddy current sensor based on temperature compensation was studied in detail. At first, the principle of the eddy current sensor was introduced, and the manufacturing method of the probe was given. The overall design plan for the processing circuit was induced by analyzing the characteristics of the probe output signal. The variation in the probe output signal was converted to pulses with different widths, and then it was introduced to the digital phase discriminator along with a reference signal...

This research focuses on the analysis of vibration of a compression ignition engine (CIE), specifically examining potential failures in the Fuel Rail Pressure (FRP) and Mass Air Flow (MAF) sensors, which are critical to combustion control. In line with current trends in mechanical system condition monitoring, we are incorporating information from these sensors to monitor engine health. This research proposes a method to validate the correct functioning of these sensors by analysing vibration signals from the engine...

This data paper outlines detailed information on the acquisition and use of sensor measurements from shake-table experiments on a full-scale unreinforced masonry building. The tests were carried out at the shake-table facilities of the National Laboratory for Civil Engineering in Lisbon, Portugal. The building specimen, replicating a typical Dutch single-storey detached house, was made of solid clay bricks and featured a gambrel roof and two chimneys. It was densely instrumented with accelerometers, potentiometers, and LVDTs, recording the response of various structural and non-structural elements...

Electrochemical biosensing has evolved as a diverse and potent method for detecting and analyzing biological entities ranging from tiny molecules to large macromolecules. Electrochemical biosensors are a desirable option in a variety of industries, including healthcare, environmental monitoring, and food safety, due to significant advancements in sensitivity, selectivity, and portability brought about by the integration of electrochemical techniques with nanomaterials, bio-recognition components, and microfluidics...

This paper presents a prototype, on-water rowing monitoring system and its testing results for a single scull boat. The proposed system aims at recording critical kinetic (athlete biomechanics and oar/seat movements) and kinematic (boat position, velocity, acceleration, and attitude) parameters for sport performance evaluation and rowing technique improvement. The data acquisition unit is organized in two parts: the first part aims at logging boat kinematics based on GNSS/INS filtering, while the second one facilitates kinetics data recording using a series of analog sensors (potentiometers, strain gauges) installed on the athlete's body and the boat seat and oars...

INTRODUCTION: More than 60% of preterm births take place in South Asia and sub-Saharan Africa, making prematurity a primary cause of neonatal mortality. Even though continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is a popular treatment for respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) and is safe, practicable, and efficient for use in LMICs, it is crucial to ensure that neonates receive the full benefits of the therapy by monitoring their blood oxygen level. METHODS: A centrifugal fan, power source, control system, and sensors are all included in our design...

A significant bottleneck exists for mass-production of ion-selective electrodes despite recent developments in manufacturing technologies. Here, we present a fully-automated system for large-scale production of ISEs. Three materials, including polyvinyl chloride, polyethylene terephthalate and polyimide, were used as substrates for fabricating ion-selective electrodes (ISEs) using stencil printing, screen-printing and laser engraving, respectively. We compared sensitivities of the ISEs to determine the best material for the fabrication process of the ISEs...

In this paper, acoustic, dynamic and static strain variations along a steel I-beam generated by an impact load are reconstructed simultaneously within a single measurement. Based on the chirped pulse φ-OTDR system with the single-shot measurement technique, both a higher strain-sensing resolution and a higher measurable vibration frequency are achieved. In addition, a weak fiber Bragg gratings array (WFBGA) with enhanced Rayleigh reflection is employed as a sensor, providing high signal-to-noise ratio Rayleigh traces, resulting in lower measurement uncertainty...

Skiing is a popular winter activity spanning various subdisciplines. Key hardware are ski boots, bindings, and skis, which are designed to withstand loads generated during skiing. Obtaining service forces and moments has always been challenging to researchers in the past. The goal of the present study is to develop and test a lightweight and compact measurement system to obtain the Ground Reaction Forces and the kinematics for ski touring and alpine ski. To do so, we adapted two six-axis load cells to fit into ski touring and alpine skis adding 20 mm height and 500 g weight to the original ski...

Economic and environmental sustainability is becoming increasingly important in today's world. Electronic waste (e-waste) is on the rise and options to reuse parts should be explored. Hence, this paper presents the development of vision-based methods for the detection and classification of used electronics parts. In particular, the problem of classifying commonly used and relatively expensive electronic project parts such as capacitors, potentiometers, and voltage regulator ICs is investigated. A multiple object workspace scenario with an overhead camera is investigated...

We report the first demonstration of fabric-based microfluidics for wearable sensing. A new technology to develop microfluidics on fabrics, as a part of an undergarment, is described here. Compared to conventional microfluidics from polydimethylsiloxane, fabric-based microfluidics are simple to make, robust, and suitable for efficient sweat delivery. Specifically, acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) films with precut microfluidic patterns were infused through fabrics to form hydrophobic areas in a specially controlled sandwich structure...

To obtain high-precision for focal length fitting and improve the visible-light camera autofocusing speed, simultaneously, the backlash caused by gear gaps is eliminated. We propose an improved RBF (Radical Basis Function) adaptive neural network (ANN) FUZZY PID (Proportional Integral Derivative) position closed-loop control algorithm to achieve the precise positioning of zoom and focus lens groups. Thus, the Levenberg-Marquardt iterative algorithm is used to fit the focal length, and the improved area search algorithm is applied to achieve autofocusing and eliminate backlash...

Objective: Cervical spine injuries in children under 10 frequently involve the craniocervical junction. In patients too small for conventional spinal instrumentation, treatment may involve placement of a halo orthotic, and these patients will frequently be discharged home in a halo orthotic. To date, little research has been done on the biomechanics of motor vehicle collisions involving young children in halo orthotics. To better understand possible safety concerns, we applied a halo orthotic to an appropriately sized anthropomorphic test device (ATD, or crash test dummy) on an acceleration sled to simulate a frontal motor vehicle collision...

At home electrolyte analysis is of growing interest due to the importance for early diagnosis for various diseases. This work presents the first device that integrates a potentiometric ion-selective electrode (ISE) with distance-based colorimetric detection for the simultaneous analysis of K+ and Cl- ions at the point of care (POC). This hybrid sensing device was designed in a two-dimensional configuration using a plastic transparency sheet containing a stencil printed K+ -ISE and a paper substrate for distance-based colorimetric detection of Cl- ...

The use of external electronic enforcement in ion-sensor measurements is described. The objective is to improve the open-circuit (potentiometric) sensitivity of ion sensors. The sensitivity determines the precision of analyte determination and has been of interest since the beginning of ion-sensor technology. Owing to the theoretical interpretation founded by W.E. Nernst, the sensitivity is characterized by the slope and numerically predicted. It is empirically determined and validated during calibration by measuring an electromotive force between the ion sensor and the reference electrode...

In this paper we are introducing innovative solutions applied in impedance plethysmography concerning improvement of the rheagraph characteristics and the efficiency increase of the developing rheograms using computer methods. The described methods have been developed in order to ensure the stability of parameters and to extend the functionality of the rheographic system based on digital signal processing, which applies to the compensation of the base resistance with a digital potentiometer, digital synthesis of quadrature excitation signals and the performance of digital synchronous detection...

The discovery of electroactive nano-biomaterials and the development of flexible electrodes have increased the interest in applications of integrated electrochemical lateral flow immunoassays (eLFIAs), which integrate electrochemical nanotags and flexible electrodes on test strips that can easily detect small biomolecules. Compared with colorimetric, optical, magnetic and other highly sensitive detection methods, the electrochemical detection technique is well developed with high sensitivity, selectivity and repeatability...

Bacterial infections, such as urinary tract infections, are crucial health problems. Here, we report a new potentiometric sensor to detect bacteria sensitively, accurately, and quickly. First, a customizable, 3D printed Ag+ selective electrode was fabricated as the probe. Our 3D printed electrode showed sensitive, linear, and selective responses to Ag+ . Compared to commercial Ag+ selective electrodes, ours required less sample volume, shorter responding time, and lower costs. Next, a novel potentiometer was developed with Arduino to couple the electrode for data transducing and transferring, which was programmed to transfer results to cell phones wirelessly...

As the United States population ages, managing pathologies that largely affect older adults, including sarcopenia (i.e., loss of muscle mass and strength) represents a significant and growing clinical challenge. In addition to increased rates of sarcopenia with age, its incidence and impact increase after acute illness, increasing the risk of functional decline, institutionalization, or death. Resistance-based exercises promote muscle regeneration and strength and are an advised therapy for such patients. Yet, such therapeutic exercises are normally conducted either under direct clinical oversight or unsupervised by patients at home, where compliance rates are low...