Reservoir computing

We develop a power series method for the nonequilibrium steady state of the inhomogeneous one-dimensional totally asymmetric simple exclusion process (TASEP) in contact with two particle reservoirs and with site-dependent hopping rates in the bulk. The power series is performed in the entrance or exit rates governing particle exchange with the reservoirs, and the corresponding particle current is computed analytically up to the cubic term in the entry or exit rate, respectively. We also show how to compute higher-order terms using combinatorial objects known as Young tableaux...

OBJECTIVES: Valve-conserving operations for aneurysms of the ascending aorta and root offer many advantages, and their use is steadily increasing. Optimizing the results of these operations depends on providing the best conditions for normal function and durability of the new root. METHODS: Multimodality imaging including 2-dimensional echocardiography, multislice computed tomography, and cardiovascular magnetic resonance combined with image processing and computational fluid dynamics were used to define geometry, dynamism and aortic root function, before and after the remodeling operation...

Many popular methods for the calculation of chemical potentials rely on the insertion of test particles into the target system. In the case of liquids and liquid mixtures, this procedure increases in difficulty upon increasing density or concentration, and the use of sophisticated enhanced sampling techniques becomes inevitable. In this work we propose an alternative strategy, spatially resolved thermodynamic integration, or SPARTIAN for short. Here, molecules are described with atomistic resolution in a simulation subregion, and as ideal gas particles in a larger reservoir...

The need for advanced energy storage technologies demands the development of new functional materials. Novel carbon-rich and carbon-based materials of different structural topologies attract significant attention in this regard. Attractive systems include a unique class of bowl-shaped polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons that map onto fullerene surfaces and are thus often referred to as fullerene fragments, buckybowls, or π-bowls. Importantly, carbon bowls are able to acquire multiple electrons in stepwise reduction reactions producing sets of successively reduced carbanions...

This study assessed the potential for potable water savings in a building by using stormwater filtered by a porous asphalt pavement located in a parking lot. Stormwater is meant to be used for non-potable purposes (flushing toilets and urinals). Two models of porous pavement systems were constructed, both with porous asphalt mixture over a different combination of porous granular layers. The models were assessed for their filtering capacity; samples of stormwater runoff were collected in a parking lot located near the building where filtered stormwater is meant to be used...

The entropic repulsion between strongly overlapping electrical double-layers from two parallel amphoteric plates is described via the Donnan equilibrium in the limit of zero electric field. The plates feature charge-regulation and the inter-plate solution is in equilibrium with a reservoir of a monovalent electrolyte solution. A finite electric potential and disjoining pressure is found at contact between the plates, due to a complete discharging of the plates. For low potentials, the decay of potential and pressure is fully governed by a characteristic length scale and the contact potential...

Despite the fact that non-aqueous uranium chemistry is over 60 years old, most polarised-covalent uranium-element multiple bonds involve formal uranium oxidation states IV, V, and VI. The paucity of uranium(III) congeners is because, in common with metal-ligand multiple bonding generally, such linkages involve strongly donating, charge-loaded ligands that bind best to electron-poor metals and inherently promote disproportionation of uranium(III). Here, we report the synthesis of hexauranium-methanediide nanometre-scale rings...

BACKGROUND: Recent studies indicate that there is selection bias for transmission of viral polymorphisms associated with higher viral fitness. Furthermore, after transmission and before a specific immune response is mounted in the recipient, the virus undergoes a number of reversions which allow an increase in their replicative capacity. These aspects, and others, affect the viral population characteristic of early acute infection. METHODS: 160 singlegag-gene amplifications were obtained by limiting-dilution RT-PCR from plasma samples of 8 ARV-naïve patients with early acute infection (<30 days, 22 days average) and 8 ARV-naive patients with approximately a year of infection (10 amplicons per patient)...

Multiple-point statistics (MPS) is a prominent algorithm to simulate categorical variables based on a sequential simulation procedure. Assuming training images (TIs) as prior conceptual models, MPS extracts patterns from TIs using a template and records their occurrences in a database. However, complex patterns increase the size of the database and require considerable time to retrieve the desired elements. In order to speed up simulation and improve simulation quality over state-of-the-art MPS methods, we propose an accelerating simulation for MPS using vector quantization (VQ), called VQ-MPS...

Landslide displacement prediction is considered as an essential component for developing early warning systems. The modelling of conventional forecast methods requires enormous monitoring data that limit its application. To conduct accurate displacement prediction with limited data, a novel method is proposed and applied by integrating three computational intelligence algorithms namely: the wavelet transform (WT), the artificial bees colony (ABC), and the kernel-based extreme learning machine (KELM). At first, the total displacement was decomposed into several sub-sequences with different frequencies using the WT...

A mathematical model for Vibrio Cholerae (V. Cholerae) in a closed environment is considered, with the aim of investigating the impact of climatic factors which exerts a direct influence on the bacterial metabolism and on the bacterial reservoir capacity. We first propose a V. Cholerae mathematical model in a closed environment. A sensitivity analysis using the eFast method was performed to show the most important parameters of the model. After, we extend this V. cholerae model by taking account climatic factors that influence the bacterial reservoir capacity...

A reservoir computing (RC) system based on a semiconductor laser (SL) with double optical feedback and optical injection is proposed, and the prediction performance of such a system is numerically investigated via Santa Fe Time-Series Prediction task. The simulation results indicate that the RC system can yield a good prediction performance. Through optimizing some relevant operating parameters, ultra-fast information processing rates up to Gb/s level can be realized for the prediction error is below 3%.

We propose a new design for a passive photonic reservoir computer on a silicon photonics chip which can be used in the context of optical communication applications, and study it through detailed numerical simulations. The design consists of a photonic crystal cavity with a quarter-stadium shape, which is known to foster interesting mixing dynamics. These mixing properties turn out to be very useful for memory-dependent optical signal processing tasks, such as header recognition. The proposed, ultra-compact photonic crystal cavity exhibits a memory of up to 6 bits, while simultaneously accepting bitrates in a wide region of operation...

Extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli (ExPEC) are important pathogens in humans and certain animals. Molecular epidemiological analyses of ExPEC are based on structured observations of E. coli strains as they occur in the wild. By assessing real-world phenomena as they occur in authentic contexts and hosts, they provide an important complement to experimental assessment. Fundamental to the success of molecular epidemiological studies are the careful selection of subjects and the use of appropriate typing methods and statistical analysis...

To accommodate structured approaches of neural computation, we propose a class of recurrent neural networks for indexing and storing sequences of symbols or analog data vectors. These networks with randomized input weights and orthogonal recurrent weights implement coding principles previously described in vector symbolic architectures (VSA) and leverage properties of reservoir computing. In general, the storage in reservoir computing is lossy, and crosstalk noise limits the retrieval accuracy and information capacity...

The composition and electrolyte concentration of the aqueous bathing environment have important consequences for many biological processes and can profoundly affect the behavior of biomolecules. Nevertheless, because of computational limitations, many molecular simulations of biophysical systems can be performed only at specific ionic conditions: either at nominally zero salt concentration, i.e., including only counterions enforcing the system's electroneutrality, or at excessive salt concentrations. Here, we introduce an efficient molecular dynamics simulation approach for an atomistic DNA molecule at realistic physiological ionic conditions...

Mobile phones and tablet computers may be contaminated with micro-organisms and become a potential reservoir for cross-transmission of pathogens between healthcare workers and patients. There is no generally accepted guidance on how to reduce contamination on mobile devices in healthcare settings. Our aim was to determine the efficacy of the Codonics D6000™ UV-C disinfection device. Daily disinfection reduced contamination on screens and on protective cases (test) significantly, but not all cases (control) could be decontaminated...

Leishmania donovani is the primary cause of a fatal disease visceral leishmaniasis (VL) in East Africa and in the Indian subcontinent. Human beings are the only known reservoir of L. donovani and due to the emergence and the spread of drug resistance control for this disease is become worse. Therefore, identification of novel drug target is very important to develop new drug and combat drug resistance issue. Experimental determination of target is costly and time-consuming, hence it is necessary to first identify the efficient target with the accurate mathematical method and then further go for in vitro/in vivo study...

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) enters the brain early after infecting humans and may remain in the central nervous system despite successful antiretroviral treatment. Many neuroimaging techniques were used to study HIV+ patients with or without opportunistic infections. These techniques assessed abnormalities in brain structures (using computed tomography, structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), diffusion MRI) and function (using functional MRI at rest or during a task, and perfusion MRI with or without a contrast agent)...

Generalized synchronization between coupled dynamical systems is a phenomenon of relevance in applications that range from secure communications to physiological modelling. Here, we test the capabilities of reservoir computing and, in particular, echo state networks for the detection of generalized synchronization. A nonlinear dynamical system consisting of two coupled Rössler chaotic attractors is used to generate temporal series consisting of time-locked generalized synchronized sequences interleaved with unsynchronized ones...