keyword
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38364104/early-antiretroviral-therapy-and-its-impact-on-natural-killer-cell-dynamics-in-hiv-1-infected-men-who-have-sex-with-men-a-cross-sectional-pilot-study-evaluating-the-impact-of-early-art-initiation-on-nk-cell-perturbation-in-hiv-infection
#21
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Matrona Akiso, Daniel Muema, Robert Langat, Kewreshini K Naidoo, Geoffrey Oino, Gaudensia Mutua, Christina Thobakgale, Daniel Ochiel, Kundai Chinyenze, Omu Anzala, Marianne W Mureithi
Phenotypic changes and functional impairment of natural killer (NK) cells occur early in HIV-1 infection. Antiretroviral therapy (ART) effectively restores CD4+ T cell counts and suppresses HIV-1 to undetectable levels. The role and efficacy of immediate ART initiation in mitigating NK cell aberrations remain to be elucidated comprehensively. This study hypothesized that HIV-1 infection negatively influences NK cell evolution and that early ART initiation restores these perturbations. Blood samples were collected longitudinally from five acutely HIV-1 infected men who have sex with men in Nairobi, Kenya...
February 16, 2024: Microbiology Spectrum
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38362571/lived-experience-of-people-living-with-hiv-in-blantyre-malawi-an-exploratory-qualitative-study
#22
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Talumba Mercy Mankhokwe, Enock Chisati, Mokgobadibe Ntsiea
BACKGROUND: People living with the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) encounter a range of complex challenges that impact their physical, psychological, and social well-being. The combined effects of these challenges significantly impact their daily functioning. Despite the relatively high prevalence of HIV in Malawi, there is limited knowledge on how the challenges experienced by people living with HIV correlate with their societal participation and performance of activities. OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to explore the lived experience of people living with HIV and how the challenges experienced impact societal participation and activity performance...
December 2023: Malawi Medical Journal: the Journal of Medical Association of Malawi
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38360376/interferon-%C3%AE-deficiency-alters-brain-response-to-chronic-hiv-1-envelope-protein-exposure-in-a-transgenic-model-of-neurohiv
#23
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Hina Singh, Jeffrey Koury, Ricky Maung, Amanda J Roberts, Marcus Kaul
Human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) infects the central nervous system (CNS) and causes HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) in about half of the population living with the virus despite combination anti-retroviral therapy (cART). HIV-1 activates the innate immune system, including the production of type 1 interferons (IFNs) α and β. Transgenic mice expressing HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein gp120 (HIVgp120tg) in the CNS develop memory impairment and share key neuropathological features and differential CNS gene expression with HIV patients, including the induction of IFN-stimulated genes (ISG)...
February 13, 2024: Brain, Behavior, and Immunity
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38355914/hiv-1-mrna-knockdown-with-crispr-cas9-enhances-neurocognitive-function
#24
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Kristen A McLaurin, Hailong Li, Kamel Khalili, Charles F Mactutus, Rosemarie M Booze
Mixed glia are infiltrated with HIV-1 virus early in the course of infection leading to the development of a persistent viral reservoir in the central nervous system. Modification of the HIV-1 genome using gene editing techniques, including CRISPR/Cas9, has shown great promise towards eliminating HIV-1 viral reservoirs; whether these techniques are capable of removing HIV-1 viral proteins from mixed glia, however, has not been systematically evaluated. Herein, the efficacy of adeno-associated virus 9 (AAV9)-CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing for eliminating HIV-1 messenger RNA (mRNA) from cortical mixed glia was evaluated in vitro and in vivo...
February 14, 2024: Journal of Neurovirology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38328097/the-structural-and-mechanistic-bases-for-the-viral-resistance-to-allosteric-hiv-1-integrase-inhibitor-pirmitegravir
#25
Tung Dinh, Zahira Tber, Juan S Rey, Seema Mengshetti, Arun S Annamalai, Reed Haney, Lorenzo Briganti, Franck Amblard, James R Fuchs, Peter Cherepanov, Kyungjin Kim, Raymond F Schinazi, Juan R Perilla, Baek Kim, Mamuka Kvaratskhelia
UNLABELLED: Allosteric HIV-1 integrase (IN) inhibitors (ALLINIs) are investigational antiretroviral agents which potently impair virion maturation by inducing hyper-multimerization of IN and inhibiting its interaction with viral genomic RNA. The pyrrolopyridine-based ALLINI pirmitegravir (PIR) has recently advanced into Phase 2a clinical trials. Previous cell culture based viral breakthrough assays identified the HIV-1 (Y99H/A128T IN) variant that confers substantial resistance to this inhibitor...
January 26, 2024: bioRxiv
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38315012/%C3%AE-actin-g342d-as-a-cause-of-nk-cell-deficiency-impairing-lytic-synapse-termination
#26
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Abigail E Reed, Jackeline Peraza, Frederique van den Haak, Evelyn R Hernandez, Richard A Gibbs, Ivan K Chinn, James R Lupski, Enrica Marchi, Ran Reshef, Bachir Alobeid, Emily M Mace, Jordan S Orange
NK cell deficiency (NKD) occurs when an individual's major clinical immunodeficiency derives from abnormal NK cells and is associated with several genetic etiologies. Three categories of β-actin-related diseases with over 60 ACTB (β-actin) variants have previously been identified, none with a distinct NK cell phenotype. An individual with mild developmental delay, macrothrombocytopenia, and susceptibility to infections, molluscum contagiosum virus, and EBV-associated lymphoma had functional NKD for over a decade...
February 5, 2024: Journal of Immunology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38311508/pulmonary-function-in-people-living-with-human-immunodeficiency-virus-a-meta-analysis
#27
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Jesús Díez-Manglano, Esther Del Corral-Beamonte
BACKGROUND: HIV can infect bronchial epithelial cells rendering individuals susceptible to lung damage. Our objective was to determine the effects of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection on pulmonary function tests. METHODS: We performed a meta-analysis after conducting a literature search in PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library and Virtual Health Library databases from inception to December 31st, 2022. We employed the inverse variance method with a random effects model to calculate the effect estimate as the mean difference (MD) and 95% confidence interval (CI)...
January 19, 2024: Archivos de Bronconeumología
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38306893/reactivation-of-kaposi-s-sarcoma-associated-herpesvirus-kshv-by-sars-cov-2-in-non-hospitalised-hiv-infected-patients
#28
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Humaira Lambarey, Melissa J Blumenthal, Abeen Chetram, Wendy Joyimbana, Lauren Jennings, Catherine Orrell, Georgia Schäfer
BACKGROUND: While acute SARS-CoV-2 infection and associated inflammation resulted in substantial morbidity and mortality during the COVID-19 pandemic, particularly in unvaccinated patients, long-term effects of SARS-CoV-2 exposure for reactivation of latent oncogenic herpesviruses, such as KSHV, is unknown. METHODS: We performed a longitudinal observational cross-sectional study on 407 non-hospitalised adult HIV-infected (CD4 count <350 cells/μL) patients attending antiretroviral therapy services in Gugulethu, South Africa, from October 2020 to April 2023...
February 1, 2024: EBioMedicine
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38299190/%C3%AE-%C3%AE-t-cells-mediate-robust-anti-hiv-functions-during-antiretroviral-therapy-regardless-of-immune-checkpoint-expression
#29
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Kirsty R Field, Kathleen M Wragg, Stephen J Kent, Wen Shi Lee, Jennifer A Juno
OBJECTIVES: Although antiretroviral therapy (ART) efficiently suppresses HIV viral load, immune dysregulation and dysfunction persist in people living with HIV (PLWH). γδ T cells are functionally impaired during untreated HIV infection, but the extent to which they are reconstituted upon ART is currently unclear. METHODS: Utilising a cohort of ART-treated PLWH, we assessed the frequency and phenotype, characterised in vitro functional responses and defined the impact of immune checkpoint marker expression on effector functions of both Vδ1 and Vδ2 T cells...
2024: Clinical & Translational Immunology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38288997/spatial-heterogeneity-of-brain-lipids-in-siv-infected-macaques-treated-with-antiretroviral-therapy
#30
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Cory J White, Andrew M Gausepohl, Hannah N Wilkins, Colten D Eberhard, Benjamin C Orsburn, Dionna W Williams
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection continues to promote neurocognitive impairment, mood disorders, and brain atrophy, even in the modern era of viral suppression. Brain lipids are vulnerable to HIV-associated energetic strain and may contribute to HIV-associated neurologic dysfunction due to alterations in lipid breakdown and structural lipid composition. HIV neuropathology is region dependent, yet there has not been comprehensive characterization of the spatial heterogeneity of brain lipids during infection that possibly impacts neurologic function...
January 30, 2024: Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38261903/impaired-lung-function-in-adolescents-with-pulmonary-tuberculosis-during-treatment-and-following-treatment-completion
#31
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Marieke M van der Zalm, Vita W Jongen, Ruan Swanepoel, Klassina Zimri, Brian Allwood, Megan Palmer, Rory Dunbar, Pierre Goussard, H Simon Schaaf, Anneke C Hesseling, James A Seddon
BACKGROUND: Little is known about post-tuberculosis lung disease in adolescents. We prospectively assessed lung function in adolescents with microbiologically confirmed pulmonary tuberculosis during treatment and after treatment completion. METHODS: In a prospective study, we enrolled adolescents diagnosed with microbiologically confirmed tuberculosis and healthy tuberculosis-exposed household controls, between October 2020 and July 2021 in Cape Town, South Africa...
January 2024: EClinicalMedicine
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38243351/selenium-and-omega-3-fatty-acids-ameliorate-highly-active-anti-retroviral-therapy-haart-induced-reproductive-impairment-in-male-wistar-rats
#32
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Ekpe Aribo, Nsikak E Udokang, Victor E Sunday, Samuel E Urom
Highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART) is currently the main stay in the treatment of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) disease. This treatment regimen typically combines three or more antiretroviral drugs and like most drug combinations or polypharmacy, has side effects including those on reproductive function which could place HIV patients on HAART under double risk in terms of reproductive function. Part of tissue damage following HAART administration is blamed on oxidative stress. We therefore sought to explore effects of Omega 3 and Selenium, two common antioxidants on HAART-induced male reproductive impairment in a non-HIV animal model...
June 30, 2023: Nigerian Journal of Physiological Sciences: Official Publication of the Physiological Society of Nigeria
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38236321/heavy-alcohol-use-and-hiv-outcomes-the-moderating-role-of-pain
#33
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Mora M Lucero, Tibor P Palfai, Timothy C Heeren, Michael D Stein, Theresa W Kim, Richard Saitz
Pain and heavy alcohol consumption are prevalent among people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWH), each contributing to impaired functioning and diminished quality of life. Each of these conditions may have negative effects on the HIV care continuum, but less is known about their combined influences. The current study examined how heavy drinking and pain were associated with HIV viral suppression and CD4 cell count among participants receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART). The study sample consisted of 220 PLWH with past 12-month substance dependence or ever injection drug use enrolled in a large HIV cohort study...
January 18, 2024: AIDS and Behavior
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38232713/exploring-interrelationships-between-mental-health-symptoms-and-cognitive-impairment-in-aging-people-living-with-hiv-in-china
#34
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Chunlan Ma, Bin Yu, Yunzhe Fan, Peng Jia, Shujuan Yang
INTRODUCTION: Mental health symptoms and cognitive impairment are highly prevalent and intertwined among aging people living with HIV (PLWH). This study aimed to assess the interrelationships and strength of connections between individual mental health symptoms and cognitive impairment. It sought to identify specific symptoms linking mental health and cognitive impairment in aging PLWH. METHODS: Participants in Sichuan Older People with HIV Infections Cohort Study (SOHICS) were recruited between November 2018 and April 2021 in China...
January 17, 2024: Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38189080/distinguishing-host-responses-extensive-viral-dissemination-and-long-term-viral-rna-persistence-in-domestic-sheep-experimentally-infected-with-crimean-congo-hemorrhagic-fever-virus-kosovo-hoti
#35
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Hongzhao Li, Mathieu Pinette, Greg Smith, Melissa Goolia, Katherine Handel, Michelle Nebroski, Oliver Lung, Bradley S Pickering
Abstract Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever orthonairovirus (CCHFV) is a tick-borne, risk group 4 pathogen that often causes a severe hemorrhagic disease in humans (CCHF) with high case fatality rates. The virus is believed to be maintained in a tick-vertebrate-tick ecological cycle involving numerous wild and domestic animal species; however the biology of CCHFV infection in these animals remains poorly understood. Here, we experimentally infect domestic sheep with CCHFV Kosovo Hoti, a clinical isolate representing high pathogenicity to humans and increasingly utilized in current research...
January 8, 2024: Emerging Microbes & Infections
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38184074/hiv-infection-impairs-the-host-response-to-mycobacterium-tuberculosis-infection-by-altering-surfactant-protein-d-function-in-the-human-lung-alveolar-mucosa
#36
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Anwari Akhter, Juan I Moliva, Abul K Azad, Angélica Olmo-Fontánez, Andreu Garcia-Vilanova, Julia M Scordo, Mikhail A Gavrilin, Phillip T Diaz, Janice J Endsley, Susan T Weintraub, Larry S Schlesinger, Mark D Wewers, Jordi B Torrelles
Tuberculosis is the leading cause of death for people living with HIV (PLWH). We hypothesized that altered functions of innate immune components in the human alveolar lining fluid of PLWH (HIV-ALF), drive susceptibility to Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb) infection. Our results indicate a significant increase in oxidation of innate proteins and chemokine levels, and significantly lower levels and function of complement components and Th1/Th2/Th17 cytokines in HIV-ALF vs. control-ALF (non-HIV infected people)...
January 4, 2024: Mucosal Immunology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38180893/cmv-igg-is-associated-with-physical-function-but-not-muscle-density-in-people-with-hiv
#37
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Maheen Z Abidi, Triin Umbleja, Edgar T Overton, Tricia Burdo, Jacqueline M Flynn, Michael T Lu, Jana Taron, Samuel R Schnittman, Kathleen V Fitch, Markella V Zanni, Carl J Fichtenbaum, Carlos Malvestutto, Judith A Aberg, Evelynne S Fulda, Allison Ross Eckard, Jennifer Manne-Goehler, Jessica J Tuan, Heather J Ribaudo, Pamela S Douglas, Steven K Grinspoon, Todd T Brown, Kristine M Erlandson
BACKGROUND: Cytomegalovirus (CMV) seropositivity is associated with poor outcomes, including physical function impairment, in people without HIV. We examined associations between CMV IgG titer and physical function in virologically suppressed people with HIV (PWH). METHODS: REPRIEVE is a double-blind randomized trial evaluating pitavastatin for primary prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease in PWH. This analysis focused on participants enrolled in a sub-study with additional biomarker testing, imaging [coronary CT angiography], and physical function measures at entry...
January 2, 2024: Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes: JAIDS
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38167610/2-3-cyclic-nucleotide-3-phosphodiesterase-1-functional-isoform-antagonizes-hiv-1-particle-assembly
#38
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Shuntao Liang, Qin Zhang, Fang Wang, Shiwei Wang, Guoli Li, Dong Jiang, Hui Zeng
IFN-stimulated gene 2',3' cyclic nucleotide 3' phosphodiesterase (CNP) comprises two isoforms: the short CNP1 and the long CNP2, featuring an additional N-terminal segment of 20 amino acids (N20aa) proposed as a mitochondrial targeting sequence. Notably, CNP1 can be produced by cleaving the N20aa segment from CNP2. Although previous investigations have recognized the HIV-1 particle assembly impairment capability of CNP2, the antiviral activity of CNP1 remains ambiguous. Our study clarifies that CNP1, as opposed to CNP2, serves as the primary isoform exerting anti-HIV-1 activity...
March 2024: Life Science Alliance
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38145295/cenicriviroc-prevents-dysregulation-of-astrocyte-endothelial-cross-talk-induced-by-ischemia-and-hiv-1-via-inhibiting-the-nlrp3-inflammasome-and-pyroptosis
#39
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Nikolai Fattakhov, Alex Ngo, Silvia Torices, Joelle-Ann Joseph, Adesuwa Okoro, Cameron Moore, Oandy Naranjo, Sarah Becker, Michal Toborek
Blood-brain barrier (BBB) breakdown is one of the pathophysiological characteristics of ischemic stroke, which may contribute to the progression of brain tissue damage and subsequent neurological impairment. HIV-infected individuals are at greater risk for ischemic stroke due to diminished immune function and HIV-associated vasculopathy. Studies have shown that astrocytes are involved in maintaining BBB integrity and facilitating HIV-1 infection in the brain. The present study investigated whether targeting astrocyte-endothelial cell signaling with cenicriviroc (CVC), a dual CCR2 and CCR5 antagonist, may protect against dysregulation of cross talk between these cells after oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) combined with HIV-1 infection...
December 25, 2023: American Journal of Physiology. Cell Physiology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38142954/clinical-markers-of-hiv-predict-redox-regulated-neural-and-behavioral-function-in-the-sensorimotor-system
#40
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Rachel K Spooner, Brittany K Taylor, Iman M Ahmad, Kelsey Dyball, Katy Emanuel, Jennifer O'Neill, Maureen Kubat, Howard S Fox, Sara H Bares, Kelly L Stauch, Matthew C Zimmerman, Tony W Wilson
Even in the modern era of combination antiretroviral therapy, aberrations in motor control remain a predominant symptom contributing to age-related functional dependencies (e.g., neurocognitive impairment) in people with HIV (PWH). While recent evidence implicates aberrant mitochondrial redox environments in the modulation of neural oscillatory activity serving motor control in PWH, the contribution of important clinical and demographic factors on this bioenergetic-neural-behavioral pathway is unknown. Herein, we evaluate the predictive capacity of clinical metrics pertinent to HIV (e...
December 22, 2023: Free Radical Biology & Medicine
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