Influenza cancer

Liver cancer is one of the most lethal malignancies and sorafenib resistance is the main treatment obstacle for patients with advanced liver cancer. Developing drugs that sensitize liver cancer patients to sorafenib is of great importance. Lianhua Qingwen (LHQW), a sort of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) approved by the Chinese Food and Drug Administration (CFDA), is reported to exert synergistic effects with oseltamivir against Influenza virus. However, whether LHQW could exhibit anti-liver cancer effects and enhance the efficacy of sorafenib against liver cancer have not been reported...

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are well-known for their role in cancer development as well as in directing anti-tumor immunity. Because TLRs have also been implicated in the innate recognition of the influenza virus, it was of great interest to investigate the potential TLRs' contribution to the reduction in tumor growth following intratumoral injection of an unadjuvanted influenza vaccine and the lack of antitumor response from an adjuvanted vaccine. In our previous publication, we showed that the unadjuvanted flu vaccine modulates TLR7 expression leading to anti-tumor response in a murine model of melanoma...

BACKGROUND: Immunization is a cornerstone of public health. Despite great success, China's National Immunization Program (NIP) faces challenges, such as the integration of several World Health Organization-recommended vaccines and other systemic issues. The Innovation Laboratory for Vaccine Delivery Research (VaxLab), supported by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation and established in 2021 at Duke Kunshan University, focuses on enhancing China's NIP through research and policy advocacy...

Persistent human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is associated with multiple malignancies. Developing therapeutic vaccines to eliminate HPV-infected and malignant cells holds significant value. In this study, we introduced a lipid nanoparticle encapsulated mRNA vaccine expressing tHA-mE7-mE6. Mutations were introduced into E6 and E7 of HPV to eliminate their tumourigenicity. A truncated influenza haemagglutinin protein (tHA), which binds to the CD209 receptor on the surface of dendritic cells (DCs), was fused with mE7-mE6 in order to allow efficient uptake of antigen by antigen presenting cells...

PURPOSE: Mounting evidence has revealed the anti-cancer activity of various anti-viral drugs. Oseltamivir phosphate (OP), namely Tamiflu® , is routinely used to combat influenza infections. Although evidence has indicated the anti-cancer effects of OP in vitro and in vivo , little information is known about the effect of OP use on cancers in humans. METHODS: A nationwide population-based cohort study involving 13,977,101 cases with 284,733 receiving OP was performed to examine the association between OP use and cancers using the National Health Insurance Research Database in Taiwan between 2009 and 2018...

BACKGROUND: Intranasal administration has been adopted in traditional medicine to facilitate access to the bloodstream and central nervous system (CNS). In modern medicine, nasal drug delivery systems are valuable for disease treatment because of their noninvasiveness, good absorption, and fast-acting effects. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to systematically organize preclinical and clinical studies on intranasal herbal medicines to highlight their potential in drug development...

Ephedra species are among the most popular herbs used in traditional medicine for a long time. The ancient Chinese medical book "Treatise on Febrile Diseases" refers to the classic traditional Chinese medicine prescription Ge Gen decoction, which consists of seven herbs, including an Ephedra species. Ephedra species are utilized all over the world to treat symptoms of the common cold and coughs, and to combat major human diseases, such as asthma, cancers, diabetes, cardiovascular and digestive disorders, and microbial infections...

INTRODUCTION: Cancer patients, because of their compromised immune responses, face a higher risk of preventable infections, leading to increased morbidity and mortality. Despite this, vaccination rates among these patients are suboptimal, and research on effective interventions to improve vaccination rates is limited. METHODS: We conducted a comprehensive search in PubMed and Cochrane Library for studies investigating quality improvement (QI) interventions targeting vaccine uptake in cancer patients...

Regulated cell death is a key component of the innate immune response, which provides the first line of defense against infection and homeostatic perturbations. However, cell death can also drive pathogenesis. The most well-defined cell death pathways can be categorized as nonlytic (apoptosis) and lytic (pyroptosis, necroptosis, and PANoptosis). While specific triggers are known to induce each of these cell death pathways, it is unclear whether all cell types express the cell death proteins required to activate these pathways...

BACKGROUND: Severe infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) or influenza virus can cause patients to be admitted to intensive care units (ICUs). It is necessary to understand the differences in clinical characteristics and outcomes between these two types of critically ill patients. METHODS: We searched Embase, PubMed, and Web of Science for articles and performed a meta-analysis using Stata 14.0 with a random-effects model. This paper was written in strict accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines...

BACKGROUND: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality among cancer survivors. Mental health is considered an important risk factor affecting the treatment of cardiovascular disease. However, little is known about the use of secondary prevention strategies for CVD in patients with both cancer and CVD. This study aimed to compare the utilisation of primary care chronic disease management plans, mental health care and guideline-indicated cardioprotective medications among CVD patients with and without cancer...

INTRODUCTION: Co-administering COVID-19 and influenza vaccines is recommended by public health authorities and intended to improve uptake and convenience; however, the extent of vaccine co-administration is largely unknown. Investigations into COVID-19 and influenza vaccine co-administration are needed to describe compliance with newer recommendations and to identify potential gaps in the implementation of co-administration. METHODS: A descriptive, repeated cross-sectional study between September 1, 2021 to November 30, 2021 (Period 1) and September 1, 2022 to November 30, 2022 (Period 2) was conducted...

 There is growing awareness that infections may contribute to the development of senile dementia including Alzheimer's disease (AD), and that immunopotentiation is therefore a legitimate target in the management of diseases of the elderly including AD. In Part I of this work, we provided a historical and molecular background to how vaccines, adjuvants, and their component molecules can elicit broad-spectrum protective effects against diverse agents, culminating in the development of the tuberculosis vaccine strain Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) as a treatment for some types of cancer as well as a prophylactic against infections of the elderly such as pneumonia...

IMPORTANCE: People with a history of incarceration may experience barriers in access to and receipt of health care in the US. OBJECTIVE: To examine the associations of incarceration history and access to and receipt of care and the contribution of modifiable factors (educational attainment and health insurance coverage) to these associations. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: Individuals with and without incarceration history were identified from the 2008 to 2018 National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979 cohort...

BACKGROUND: Influenza vaccination is recommended and provided free-of-charge to Danish citizens aged ≥65 years and to individuals with acquired immunodeficiency. We aimed to estimate influenza vaccination coverage and investigate predictors of influenza non-vaccination in Danish cancer patients. METHODS: A nationwide cohort study of all Danish citizens aged ≥18 years with an incident cancer diagnosis between 2002 and 2017. Using national registries, we assessed information on influenza vaccination and potential predictors of influenza non-vaccination...

BACKGROUND: Immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy for patients undergoing cancer treatment carries a risk of severe immune-related adverse events (IRAEs). Questions remain about whether seasonal influenza vaccination might increase the risk of developing IRAEs among these patients given that vaccines are immunomodulatory. Previous vaccine safety studies on patients with cancer prescribed ICI therapy have demonstrated conflicting results. METHODS: Using health administrative data from Ontario, Canada among adults diagnosed with cancer who had been prescribed ICI therapy and who had received an influenza vaccine from 2012 to 2019, we conducted a self-controlled case series study...

AIM: This analysis was conducted to review the number, and describe the characteristics of first-in-human (FIH) Phase 1 clinical trials registered in India from 2008 to 2022. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The data were extracted from the Clinical Trials Registry - India database for all FIH Phase 1 clinical trials registered between 2008 and 2022. Early-phase trials that were not FIH trials (e.g., pharmacokinetic studies and drug-drug interaction studies) were excluded from the study...

Immunosuppressants are increasingly being used in the clinic to manage immune-related adverse effects. Consequently, the incidence of secondary infections associated with immunosuppression is increasing. However, little is known about primary infections during immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) treatment without immunosuppressants. We aimed to evaluate primary infectious diseases during antiprogrammed death ligand-1 immunotherapy without immunosuppressants. We retrospectively screened medical records of 233 patients who underwent ICI treatment for advanced non-small cell lung cancer between January 2014 and May 2018 at National Cancer Center, Republic of Korea...

Arsenic compounds are common environmental toxicants worldwide and particularly enriched in the Northeast and the Southwestern United States, the Alps, and Bangladesh. Exposure to arsenic is linked with various detrimental health outcomes, including cancer, cognitive decline, and kidney damage. Our group has previously shown that arsenic trioxides alter T cell cytokine production. In the current study, we demonstrate that exposure to arsenic compounds alters B cell function in an in vitro influenza model. Human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated from blood and cultured with arsenic trioxide (As3 O2 ) and subsequently challenged with Influenza A virus...

The crucial role of high mobility group AT-hook 1 (HMGA1) proteins in nuclear processes such as gene transcription, DNA replication, and chromatin remodeling is undeniable. Elevated levels of HMGA1 have been associated with unfavorable clinical outcomes and adverse differentiation status across various cancer types. HMGA1 regulates a diverse array of biological pathways, including tumor necrosis factor-alpha/nuclear factor-kappa B (TNF-α/NF-κB), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), Hippo, Rat sarcoma/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (Ras/ERK), protein kinase B (Akt), wingless-related integration site/beta-catenin (Wnt/beta-catenin), and phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3-K/Akt)...