Pediatric Review

BACKGROUND & AIMS: Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is often detected in children and is considered to be a rare disease, with prevalence values reported to be below 60 cases per 100,000 persons. To determine whether the incidence of EoE in children in Utah exceeds estimates from regional reports, we calculated incidence and prevalence values over a 5-year period. METHODS: Using consensus guidelines for the diagnosis of EoE, we reviewed pathology records from in the Intermountain Healthcare pathology database, from July 1, 2011 through June 31, 2016...

INTRODUCTION: Cerebral palsy (CP) is the most common childhood physical disability, with 80% estimated to be in low-middle-income countries. This study aims to (1) determine the accuracy of General Movements (GMs)/Hammersmith Infant Neurological Examination (HINE) for detecting CP at 18 months corrected age (CA); (2) determine the effectiveness of a community-based parent-delivered early intervention for infants at high risk of CP in West Bengal, India (Learning through Everyday Activities with Parents for infants with CP; LEAP-CP)...

BACKGROUND: A number of surgical approaches have been described for open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) of intra-articular distal humerus (IDH) fractures in adults. However, there is no consensus as to which approach is better in terms of functional outcomes and complications. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the functional outcomes and types and rates of complications are influenced by the choice of surgical approach for ORIF of IDH fractures (AO/OTA types 13 B & C)...

PURPOSE: To evaluate the surgical outcomes in a series of Madelung wrists treated with a Vicker ligament release at a young age. We hypothesize that early treatment of Madelung deformity with Vicker ligament release is safe and may minimize progression of deformity. METHODS: A retrospective review was performed at a single large pediatric institution from 2013 to 2016 of patients with a diagnosis of Madelung deformity treated with Vicker ligament release and radial physiolysis...

INTRODUCTION:  Hydrocephalus can be progressive or spontaneously arrested. In arrested hydrocephalus, the balance between production and absorption of the cerebrospinal fluid is restored. Patients are mostly asymptomatic, and no surgical treatment is necessary for them. METHODS:  We performed a two-center consecutive case series study, aimed at investigating the safety of nonsurgical management of hydrocephalus in selected pediatric patients. We retrospectively selected all consecutive patients, suspected to suffer from arrested hydrocephalus and referred to our two institutions between January 2011 and December 2013...

BACKGROUND: Allergic contact dermatitis is a challenging diagnostic problem in children. Although epicutaneous patch testing is the diagnostic standard for confirmation of contact sensitization, it is less used in children by dermatologists treating children, pediatric dermatologists, and pediatricians, when compared with adult practitioners. OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to create and evaluate standardization of a pediatric patch test series for children older than 6 years...

OBJECTIVE: Duraplasty is one technique successfully used to treat Chiari malformation type I (CM-I). This study describes the timely manner of clinical outcomes and the postoperative course after craniectomy and duraplasty for the treatment of symptomatic CM-I in pediatric children. METHODS: A retrospective chart review was done on 105 consecutive children who underwent surgical decompression of symptomatic CM-I with dural opening by a single surgeon between 1999 and 2015...

OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate long-term seizure outcome, rate of reoperation, and postoperative neuropsychological performance following selective amygdalohippocampectomy (SelAH) or anterior temporal lobectomy (ATL) in pediatric patients with medically refractory temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). METHODS The authors performed a retrospective review of cases of medically refractory pediatric TLE treated initially with either SelAH or ATL. Standardized pre- and postoperative evaluation included seizure charting, surface and long-term video-electroencephalography, 1...

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Community-engaged research (CER), which is characterized by collaborations between researchers and community partners, is a promising approach to bridge the gaps in translating research evidence into care settings and to address health disparities. This review describes CER in investigations focused on pediatric diabetes. RECENT FINDINGS: Studies were focused on African American, Hispanic, and Native American youth. Most studies aimed to develop and evaluate preventive interventions for type 2 diabetes...

PURPOSE: Pneumonia is the third leading cause of death in children under 5 years of age worldwide. In pediatrics, both the accuracy and safety of diagnostic tools are important. Lung ultrasound (LUS) could be a safe diagnostic tool for this reason. We searched in the literature for diagnostic studies about LUS to predict pneumonia in pediatric patients using systematic review and meta-analysis. METHODS: The Medline, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, Embase, SPORTDiscus, ScienceDirect, and Web of Science databases from inception to September 2017 were searched...

Heterotopic bone formation is a rare event in gastrointestinal lesions, especially in the pediatric population. Osseous metaplasia is exceedingly rare in colonic polyps. We present a case of rectal juvenile polyp with stromal osseous metaplasia in a 10-year-old male child. This histologic finding is very rare in children with colorectal polyps.

Background: Gliosarcoma is a rare high-grade malignant tumor and a variant of glioblastoma characterized by biphasic glial and mesenchymal components. Gliosarcomas occur most commonly in the fifth or sixth decade of life and have a temporal lobe predilection. Occurrence in the pediatric population is extremely rare. Case Description: Here, we report the case of an 8-year-old child with histologically confirmed gliosarcoma at the parieto-occipital lobe. Only a subtotal resection of the tumor mass could be performed in view of massive bleeding from the tumor bed; and despite postoperative chemotherapy and radiotherapy, the tumor recurred in a short span of time...

OBJECTIVES: Diagnoses extracted from physician notes are used to calculate hospital quality metrics; failure to document high-risk diagnoses may lead to the appearance of worse-than-expected outcomes for complex patients. Academic hospitals often rely on documentation authored by trainees, yet residents receive little training in this regard. In this study, we evaluate inpatient pediatric resident notes to determine which high-risk diagnoses are commonly missed and assess the efficacy of a multitiered intervention to improve the documentation of these diagnoses...

OBJECTIVE: To determine the association between fluid resuscitation volume following pediatric burn injury and impact on outcomes. METHODS: A retrospective chart review of pediatric patients (0-18 years) sustaining ≥15% TBSA burn, admitted to an American Burn Association verified pediatric burn center from 2010 to 2015. RESULTS: Twenty-seven patients met inclusion criteria and had complete data available for analysis. Fifteen (56%) patients received greater than 6ml/kg/total body surface area burn in first 24h and twelve (44%) patients received less than 6ml/kg/percent total body surface area burn in first 24h...

BACKGROUND: The electronic health record (EHR) was designed as a clinical and administrative tool to improve clinical patient care. Electronic healthcare systems have been successfully adopted across the world through use of government mandates and incentives. METHODS: Using electronic health record, health information system, electronic medical record, health information systems, research, outcomes, pediatric, surgery, and urology as initial search terms, the literature focusing on clinical documentation data capture and the EHR as a potential resource for research related to clinical outcomes, quality improvement, and comparative effectiveness was reviewed...

BACKGROUND: Although overall operative volume has remained stable since the implementation of duty hours, more detailed analyses suggest shifts in the resident operative experience. Understanding these differences allows educators to better appreciate the impact of the current training environment on resident preparation for practice. METHODS: National Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education case logs from 1990 to 2016 were reviewed. Statistical analysis was performed using analysis of variance and linear regression analysis...

OBJECTIVES: Pediatric intensivists frequently prescribe platelet transfusions to critically ill children, but there are limited data on platelet transfusion practice and platelet transfusion-related outcomes in the PICU. In this study, we evaluated the current platelet transfusion practice and platelet transfusion-related outcomes in the PICU. DESIGN: Institutional review board-approved, retrospective cohort study from January 2010 to March 2016. SETTING: Tertiary-level PICU...

OBJECTIVES: Wide variations exist in how physicians manage the nutritional aspects of children affected by acute pancreatitis (AP), acute recurrent pancreatitis (ARP), and chronic (CP) pancreatitis. Better consensus for optimal management is needed. METHODS: This consensus statement on nutrition in pediatric pancreatic diseases was developed through a joint ESPGHAN-NASPGHAN working group that performed an evidence-based search of the literature on nutrition in AP, ARP, and CP with a focus on pediatrics...

BACKGROUND: Esophageal perforation is a potentially life-threatening problem if not quickly diagnosed and treated appropriately. Negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT), commercially known as V.A.C.® therapy, was developed in the early 1990 s and is now standard of care for chronic surface wounds, ulcers, and burns. Adapting vacuum sponge therapy for use intraluminally for perforations of the esophagus was first reported in 2008. We report the first pediatric experience on a customized esophageal vacuum assisted closure (EVAC) device for closure of esophageal perforations...

BACKGROUND: Although postoperative cast immobilization is routinely used in children, it is not without complications. Few studies have focused on interventions to decrease their frequency. The purpose of this study was to determine if foam padding in postoperative lower extremity casts decreased the rate of cast complications. METHODS: A retrospective review of patients who underwent lower extremity casting after elective surgery at a tertiary pediatric hospital from 2006 to 2013 was conducted...