kirby-bauer

Carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii poses a significant threat to public health globally, especially due to its ability to produce multiple carbapenemases, leading to treatment challenges. This study aimed to investigate the antibiotic resistance pattern of carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii isolates collected from different clinical settings in North East India, focusing on their genotypic and phenotypic resistance profiles. A total of 172 multidrug-resistant A. baumannii isolates were collected and subjected to antibiotic susceptibility test using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method...

BACKGROUND: Surgical site infections are one of the major clinical problems in surgical departments that cost hundreds of millions of dollars to healthcare systems around the world. AIM: The study aimed to address the pressing issue of surgical site infections, which pose significant clinical and financial burdens on healthcare systems globally. Recognizing the substantial costs incurred due to these infections, the research has focused on understanding the role of lipase and protease production by multi-drug resistant bacteria isolated from surgical wounds in the development of post-surgical wound infections...

BACKGROUND: Clinicians rely on local antimicrobial resistance pattern data to guide empiric treatment for seriously ill patients when culture and antimicrobial susceptibility testing results are not immediately available. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to analyse 5-year trends in antimicrobial resistance profiles of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates. METHODS: Bacteriology reports from 2017 to 2021 at the Ethiopian Public Health Institute were analysed retrospectively...

BACKGROUND: In Ethiopia, milk production and handling practices often lack proper hygiene measures, leading to the potential contamination of milk and milk products with Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), including methicillin-resistant strains, posing significant public health concerns. This study aimed to investigate the occurrence, antimicrobial susceptibility profiles and presence of resistance genes in S. aureus strains isolated from milk and milk products. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted in the Arsi highlands, Oromia, Ethiopia from March 2022 to February 2023...

BACKGROUND: Diabetic foot infection (DFI) leads to poor prognosis and polymicrobial infections are usually the main cause. The study is to explore the microbiological distribution, antimicrobial drug susceptibility, and risk factors of polymicrobial infections in hospitalized patients with DFI. METHODS: This retrospective study included 160 patients with DFI in Wagner's grades 2, 3, and 4. Deep necrotic tissue was used to acquire specimens for microbiological culture...

BACKGROUND: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global threat to public and animal health. Escherichia coli is considered an indicator organism for monitoring AMR among gram-negative Enterobacteriaceae in humans and animals. The current study aims to assess the antibiogram profile of E. coli isolated from dairy cattle and in-contact humans in central Ethiopia and to identify risk factors associated with multidrug resistance (MDR). METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted in which 58 farms were recruited from selected districts of central Ethiopia...

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Antibiotic resistance presents a significant global public health challenge, particularly for urinary tract infections (UTIs), and is notably severe in developing countries. Surveillance of the antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of UTI-causing bacteria is crucial for effective treatment selection. This study aimed to analyze these patterns in bacteria isolated from the urine samples of patients at Mughda Medical College Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh. METHODS: A retrospective study (January 2019 to December 2020) at Mugdha Medical College and Hospital, Dhaka, examined clinical and laboratory data from patients with positive urine cultures (≥105 CFU/mL)...

BACKGROUND: Antimicrobial resistance organisms in the peripheral communities of an environment can be predicted by the presence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase Escherichia coli in that environment. The close connectivity between humans and water sources can facilitate the entry of antimicrobial resistant organisms into the human ecosystem. The aim of this study was to assess beta lactamase producing Escherichia coli from Bagmati river within Kathmandu valley. METHODS: In the year 2020, a cross-sectional study was conducted on water samples collected from 66 locations along the Bagmati River...

BACKGROUND: Coagulase Negative Staphylococci have been widely associated with medical device implant treatment and immune-compromised patients. Despite having increasing interest in Coagulase Negative Staphylococci, few studies from Nepal have reported the association of these organisms with urinary tract infections, conjunctivitis, high vaginal swabs, and cerebrospinal fluid. This study was carried out to determine antibiotic susceptibility pattern and biofilm production among Coagulase Negative Staphylococci isolated from clinical samples at tertiary care hospital...

A rapid, eco-friendly, and simple method for the synthesis of long-lasting (2 years) silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) is reported using aqueous leaf and petal extracts of Tagetes erecta L. The particles were characterized using UV-Visible spectrophotometry and the analytical and crystallographic techniques of transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The longevity of the AgNPs was studied using UV-Vis and high-resolution TEM. The antibacterial activity of the particles against Erwinia amylovora was evaluated using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method...

The escalating prevalence of colistin-resistant Escherichia coli in poultry has emerged as a significant concern. This study aimed to assess the occurrence of the mcr-1 gene in colistin-resistant E. coli isolates from poultry samples. A cross-sectional study was conducted at National Avian Disease Investigation Laboratory, Nepal, on 210 chicken meat samples, including liver, heart, and spleen. E. coli was isolated and identified by conventional cultural methods. Antibiotic resistance pattern was assessed by the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method...

BACKGROUND: Infectious diseases due to antibiotic resistant pathogens are a global public health problem. This study aimed at determining the potential effect of bacterial-fungal interaction on the antibiotic susceptibility profile of Alcaligenes faecalis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Alcaligenes faecalis was isolated from water samples. The isolate was identified using the conventional biochemical tests and the 16S rRNA molecular sequencing technique. Additionally, Penicillium species was isolated and identified based on colony morphological characteristics and microscopic features...

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Antimicrobials are extensively used in poultry production for growth promotion as well as for the treatment and control of diseases, including avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC). Poor selection, overuse, and misuse of antimicrobial agents may promote the emergence and dissemination of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in APEC. This study aimed to assess antimicrobial susceptibility patterns and detect antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in APEC isolated from clinical cases of colibacillosis in commercial broiler, layer, and breeder chickens...

Tentative identification of secondary metabolites in Lantana camara L. leaves was done. This plant belongs to the verbenaceae family and is used for several treatments in folk medicine. The data was acquired by collecting leaves and their stems of L. camara manually, in Nampula city, during the flowering period around 4pm. Then, the plant material collected was washed with water to remove impurities, and it was covered by paper and dried in the sun for a week. After the drying process, it was crushed and sieved, and 200 g of homogeneous powder was obtained...

BACKGROUND: With the global increase in antibacterial resistance, the challenge faced by developing countries is to utilize the available antibiotics, alone or in combination, against resistant bacterial strains. We aimed to encapsulate the levofloxacin (LVX) into polymeric nanoparticles using biodegradable polymers i.e. Chitosan and PLGA, estimating their physicochemical characteristics followed by functional assessment as nanocarriers of levofloxacin against the different resistant strains of bacteria isolated from biological samples collected from tertiary care hospital in Lahore, Pakistan...

BACKGROUND: Street foods are any foods or drinks prepared or sold by street vendors in an open space. The purpose of this study was to determine the Bacteriological safety and antibiotic resistance patterns of Staphylococcus aureus and Enterobacteriaceae isolated from street foods. METHOD: A laboratory-based cross-sectional study was used from December 2022 to February 2023 on street foods of Addis Ababa, Hawassa, Dire Dawa, and Jimma towns of Ethiopia. 525 street foods and 175 water samples were taken from 175 street food vending stalls...

AIMS: Carbapenem-resistant Escherichia coli has been categorized as a pathogen of critical priority by the World Health Organization as they are highly infectious with high mortality and morbidity rates and widespread transmission potential. Carbapenem resistance is primarily mediated by carbapenemase-encoding genes and additionally through intrinsic factors. In India, over the years, carbapenemase-encoding genes have been reported from diverse clinically significant pathogens. The present study identifies E...

BACKGROUND: The discovery of antibiotic-resistant Enterobacteriaceae bacteria in wild animals is an indication of their potential for wildlife as a reservoir. Bats are natural reservoir hosts and a source of infection for several microorganisms and have the potential to become vectors for the spread of zoonotic diseases. AIM: A study was conducted based on these characteristics to identify and detect the bla TEM gene in Eschericia coli isolated from bat excrements in Tanjung Ringgit Cave, East Lombok...

Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli (DEC) are the leading cause of infectious diarrhea and pose a significant global, regional, and national burden of disease. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of six DEC pathotypes in children with diarrhea and determine their antibiotic resistance patterns. Samples from 107 diarrheagenic children were collected and processed for Escherichia coli ( E. coli ). Single-plex PCR was used to detect target virulence genes as well as characterize and categorize DEC pathotypes...

This manuscript aims to report the clinical and laboratory diagnosis of puerperal metritis (PM) in a dairy cow, caused by H. somni as a unique pathogen. The cow showed signs of systemic illness, including a sudden drop in milk production, a rectal temperature of 40.4 °C, tachypnea, dehydration, and completely fluid, brown, and fetid uterine discharge. Pure cultures of H. somni were identified and submitted to the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method for antibiotic sensitivity. The study showed that H. somni was resistant to tetracyclines and cephalosporins (Ceftiofur), antibiotics commonly used to treat uterine infections in dairy cows...