educational in bronchoscopy

INTRODUCTION AND IMPORTANCE: This report presents a case of pulmonary alveolar microlithiasis (PAM), a rare disease characterized by dry cough, dyspnea, and chest pain. Most reported cases are from Turkey, with a frequency of 1.85 in 1 million, and there are no documented cases from Syria in the medical literature. Here, we present the first case report from Syria. CASE PRESENTATION: A 56-year-old male patient complained of a dry cough that began 4 years ago and had worsened over the last 3 months, along with a grade I dyspnea...

BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic has exponentially expanded the number of patients requiring treatment for chronic respiratory failure. One consequence is an increase in the number of patients requiring intubation and mechanical ventilation. Benign inoperable tracheal stenosis presents a challenge, especially in COVID-19 patients. METHODS: We describe a case series of 15 patients with Benign inoperable tracheal stenosis treated with interventional bronchoscopy over a 15-month period...

INTRODUCTION AND IMPORTANCE: Tracheostomy has been done since ancient Greece, but in today's modern format, it has been accepted for over one and a half centuries. Improvements in medical care and treatments have survived disabled patients who died in the past decades. Among these, tracheostomy tube (TT) segment aspiration was as rare as less than 100 cases have already been documented. We reported a case of aspirated metal TT to the right main bronchus from a 12-year-old teenage girl and then reviewed the available literature...

Diffuse alveolar hemorrhage (DAH) syndrome is characterized by bleeding into the alveolar spaces of the lungs and occurs when there is an injury to the alveolar microcirculation that leads to hemorrhage from the alveolar capillaries. We report a case of an 82-year-old woman who presented with acute respiratory distress. The patient had a history of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and was on amiodarone for atrial fibrillation therapy. Initial diagnostic workup, including bronchoscopy and imaging studies, revealed diffuse opacities and the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid consistent with DAH...

BACKGROUND: Artificial intelligence (AI) technology has been used for finding lesions via gastrointestinal endoscopy. However, there were few AI-associated studies that discuss bronchoscopy. OBJECTIVES: To use convolutional neural network (CNN) to recognize the observed anatomical positions of the airway under bronchoscopy. DESIGN: We designed the study by comparing the imaging data of patients undergoing bronchoscopy from March 2022 to October 2022 by using EfficientNet (one of the CNNs) and U-Net...

UNLABELLED: Flexible fiberoptic bronchoscopy is performed very frequently in pulmonology and cardiothoracic services where the patients are most critically ill. This study aims to assess the degree of satisfaction, duration, and level of cooperativeness among patients undergoing flexible bronchoscopy. A quasi-experimental study with 128 flexible bronchoscopy patients was carried out with two groups of patients (control and study group). All the steps of the procedure were discussed with the patient...

BACKGROUND: The appropriate management of a "difficult airway" remains a challenge for novices and experienced anaesthetists. With the current available airway technologies, e.g., video laryngoscopy, flexible bronchoscopy (fibreoptic intubation (FOI)) for endotracheal intubation is decreasing, likely diminishing caregiver skills. We investigated whether bronchoscopy simulator training improved FOI skills. METHODS: 72 volunteers, consisting of anaesthetists, anaesthesia residents, and nurses, performed six exercises on a bronchoscopy simulator...

We reported a case of a 7-year-old boy with pulmonary alveolar microlithiasis (PAM) and detected two novel compound heterozygous mutations of solute carrier family 34 member 2 (SLC34A2), EXON:2-6 duplication and c.1218 (EXON:11) C > A (p. Phe406Leu). His symptoms were nonspecific. Chest computed tomography (CCT) showed bronchiectasis, a mosaic feature, and extensive calcifications in both lungs. In addition, bronchoscopy showed bronchitis obliterans which has rarely been reported as a complication in the literature...

BACKGROUND: Flexible bronchoscopy is an essential tool in diagnosing and managing pulmonary diseases. However, there is limited capacity for bronchoscopy in low and middle income countries (LMICs). In 2019, a pilot program for flexible bronchoscopy training was launched for local physicians in Kampala, Uganda. We then conducted a follow up multimodal bronchoscopy course after 2 years. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to assess a longitudinal multimodal bronchoscopy training in an LMIC setting...

Invasive mucinous adenocarcinoma often presents with pneumonia-like findings on imaging, which complicates its diagnosis. This case demonstrates that aggressive bronchoscopy is useful for examining infiltrating shadows in the lung field and large tumors occupying the entire lung lobe should be treated cautiously when lung parenchyma develops.

UNLABELLED: Hemangiomas are the most common vascular tumors in children. Although hemangiomas are common, they are rarely seen in areas like the trachea and larynx.The most common clinical manifestations in tracheal hemangiomas are stridor and respiratory distress. The main diagnostic method is bronchoscopy. Other imaging techniques like computed tomography scans and MRIs are also helpful. Various treatment options are now used for treating the disease, including beta blockers like propranolol, local and systemic steroids, and surgical resection...

BACKGROUND: Airway management in children, especially in patients with a difficult airway, remains a major challenge for anesthesiologists, pediatricians, and emergency medicine physicians. In recent years new tools have been introduced into the clinical practice. OBJECTIVE: The aim was to present the current strategies for securing the airway in neonates in perinatal centers levels II and III in Germany, and to collect data on the rare event of coniotomy...

German laryngologist Gustav Killian performed the first "Direkte Bronchoskopie" using a rigid bronchoscope to extract a foreign airway body from the right main bronchus over a hundred years ago, transforming the practice of respiratory medicine. The procedure instantaneously became popular throughout the world. Chevalier Jackson Sr from the United States further advanced the instrument, technique, safety, and application. In the 1960s, Professors Harold H. Hopkins and N.S. Kapany introduced optical rods as well as fiberoptics that led Karl Storz to develop the cold light system improving endoluminal illumination, achievements that ushered in the modern era of flexible endoscopy...

High-fidelity models are required for technical mastery of bronchoscopic procedures in the fields of anaesthesia, intensive care, surgery and respiratory medicine. Our group has created a three-dimensional (3D) airway model prototype to emulate physiological and pathological movement. Developed from the concepts of our previously described 3D printed paediatric trachea for airway management training, this model produces movements created by injection of air or saline through a side Luer Lock port. The anaesthesia and intensive care applications of the model could include bronchoscopic navigation through narrow pathologies and simulated bleeding tumours...

UNLABELLED: Bronchial carcinoid tumours are rare, slow-growing, malignant, Low-grade neuroendocrine tumours that arise from Enterochromaffin (Kulchitsky) cells and are usually detected typically as indolent and solitary tumours. Approximately 2% of all lung tumours are bronchial carcinoid tumours. CASE PRESENTATION: The authors report a case of 55-years-old man who presented with a history of cough for 1 month and was initially diagnosed with a case of COVID-19...

BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic has changed the way medical education is delivered. The purpose of this study was to assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the education and procedural volume of critical care and pulmonary critical care fellows. METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional, internet-based, voluntary, anonymous, national survey of adult critical care fellows and academic attending physicians in critical care and pulmonary critical care fellowship programs in the United States between December 2020 and February 2021...

Hemoptysis is the expectoration of blood from the lower respiratory tract and has an extensive differential diagnosis that can be divided into pseudohemoptysis, infectious, neoplastic, vascular, autoimmune, and drug-related categories. Pseudohemoptysis is the expectoration of blood from a different source and needs to be ruled out. Clinical and hemodynamic stability must be established first. Chest x-ray is the initial imaging examination for all patients with hemoptysis. However, advanced imaging, such as a computed tomography scan, is helpful for further evaluation...

Previous studies have suggested that many burn patients undergo unnecessary intubation due to concern for inhalation injury. We hypothesized that burn surgeons would intubate burn patients at a lower rate than non-burn acute care surgeons (ACSs). We performed a retrospective cohort study of all patients admitted to an American Burn Association-verified burn center who presented emergently following burn injury from June 2015 to December 2021. Patients excluded include polytrauma patients, isolated friction burns, and patients intubated prior to hospital arrival...

Infection by Aspergillus covers a broad clinical spectrum, including invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) and its disseminated extrapulmonary form, invasive aspergillosis (IA). It typically occurs in severely immunocompromised hosts, but it sometimes affects the immunocompetent population, especially patients with acute diseases being treated at the intensive care unit (ICU) and less often those with chronic conditions. In this article, we report the case of a 50-year-old male, with diabetes mellitus (DM) as the only risk factor, treated for IPA and IA with cardiac and central nervous system (CNS) involvement at a high complexity institution in Cali-Colombia...

BACKGROUND: Flexible bronchoscopy (FB) is a safe and commonly performed procedure in pulmonary medicine. Bronchoscopy literature mainly focusing on technical aspects. However, data on patients satisfaction and bronchoscopy is rare. AIM: To evaluate levels and factors affecting patient satisfaction with flexible bronchoscopy (FB). SUBJECTS AND METHODS: This prospective study, conducted between June 2017 and May 2019 at King Abdulaziz University Hospital (Jeddah, Saudi Arabia), included all consecutive diagnostic bronchoscopies for adult patients...