BLCL

Enterovirus D68 (EV-D68) is predominantly associated with mild respiratory infections, but can also cause severe respiratory disease and extra-respiratory complications, including acute flaccid myelitis. Systemic dissemination of EV-D68 is crucial for the development of extra-respiratory diseases, but it is currently unclear how EV-D68 spreads systemically (viremia). We hypothesize that immune cells contribute to the systemic dissemination of EV-D68, as this is a mechanism commonly used by other enteroviruses...

Changes in protein glycosylation are a hallmark of transformed cells and modulate numerous phenomena associated with cancer progression, such as the acquisition of multidrug resistance (MDR) phenotype. Different families of glycosyltransferases and their products have already been described as possible modulators of the MDR phenotype. Among the glycosyltransferases intensively studied in cancer research, UDP-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine:polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase-6 (pp-GalNAc-T6), which is widely expressed in many organs and tissues, stands out...

CD72 is a regulatory co-receptor on B cells, with a role in the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in both human and animal models. Semaphorin3A (sema3A) is a secreted member of the semaphorin family that can reconstruct B cells' regulatory functions by upregulating IL-10 expression and inhibiting the pro-inflammatory activity of B and T cells in autoimmune diseases. The aim of our present study was to identify a new ligand for CD72, namely sema3A, and exploring the signal transduction pathways following its ligation in B cells...

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) can infect human B cells and is associated with various types of B cell lymphomas. Studies on the global alterations of the cellular pathways mediated by EBV-induced B cell transformation are limited. In the present study, microarray analysis was performed following generation of two EBV-infected B-lymphoblastoid cell lines (BLCL), in which normal B cells obtained from two healthy Thai individuals and transcriptomic profiles were compared with their respective normal B cells. The two EBV-transformed BLCL datasets exhibited a high degree of similarity between their RNA expression profiles, whereas the two normal B-cell datasets did not exhibit the same degree of similarity in their RNA expression profiles...

INTRODUCTION: The optimal management choice in consideration of long-term overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) for patients with BLCL very early stage is a matter of debate. AIM: A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of liver resection (RES) and radiofrequency ablation (RFA) for single HCC 2 cm or less. MATERIAL AND METHOD: The primary sources of the reviewed studies through December 2017, without restriction on the languages or regions, were Pubmed and Embase...

Exosomes are a distinct population of extracellular vesicles of endocytic origin with a protein repertoire similar to the parent cell. Although tumour-derived exosomes harbour immunosuppressive characteristics, they also carry tumour antigens and thus potentially contribute to immune activation. The aim of this study was to examine the impact of prostate cancer exosomes on tumour antigen cross-presentation. DU145 cells, transduced with shRNA to knockdown Rab27a (DU145KD ) that inhibits exosome secretion, triggered significantly stronger tumour-antigen-specific T cell responses when loaded onto dendritic cells (DC) than control DU145 cells...

We have constructed a single chain fragment variable (scFv) phage display library from a simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)-infected rhesus macaque that developed unusually high-titer neutralizing antibody responses against tier-3, neutralization-resistant SIVmac239. The library was screened using trimeric (gp140) and monomeric (gp120) forms of the SIVmac239 envelope (Env) glycoprotein. We also cloned variable-heavy and variable-light (VH-VL) antibody fragments from seven previously described rhesus macaque B-cell lines (BLCLs) that produce SIV gp120-specific monoclonal antibodies (mAbs)...

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is an oncovirus associated with several human malignancies including posttransplant lymphoproliferative disease in immunosuppressed patients. We show here that anti-EBV T-cell receptor-like monoclonal antibodies (TCR-like mAbs) E1, L1, and L2 bound to their respective HLA-A*0201-restricted EBV peptides EBNA1562-570, LMP1125-133, and LMP2A426-434 with high affinities and specificities. These mAbs recognized endogenously presented targets on EBV B lymphoblastoid cell lines (BLCLs), but not peripheral blood mononuclear cells, from which they were derived...

In the last decade, mumps virus (MuV) causes outbreaks in highly vaccinated populations. Sub-optimal T cell immunity may play a role in the susceptibility to mumps in vaccinated individuals. T cell responses to mumps virus have been demonstrated, yet the quality of the MuV-specific T cell response has not been analyzed using single cell immunological techniques. Here we developed an IFNγ ELISPOT assay to assess MuV-specific T cell responses in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of healthy (vaccinated) donors and mumps patients...

MS pathology is potentially orchestrated by autoreactive T cells, but the antigens recognized remain unknown. A novel APC/T-cell platform was developed to determine intrathecal CD4(+) and CD8(+) T-cell responses to candidate MS-associated autoantigens (cMSAg) in clinically isolated syndrome (CIS, n = 7) and MS (n = 6) patients. Human cMSAg encoding open reading frames (n = 8) were cloned into an Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-based vector to express cMSAg at high levels in EBV-transformed B-cells (BLCLs). Human cMSAg cloned were myelin-associated and -oligodendrocyte glycoprotein, myelin basic protein, proteolipid protein, ATP-dependent potassium channel ATP-dependent inwards rectifying potassium channel 4...

The cytotoxic T cell (CTL) response is determined by the peptide repertoire presented by the HLA class I molecules of an individual. We performed an in-depth analysis of the peptide repertoire presented by a broad panel of common HLA class I molecules on four B lymphoblastoid cell-lines (BLCL). Peptide elution and mass spectrometry analysis were utilised to investigate the number and abundance of self-peptides. Altogether, 7897 unique self-peptides, derived of 4344 proteins, were eluted. After viral infection, the number of unique self-peptides eluted significantly decreased compared to uninfected cells, paralleled by a decrease in the number of source proteins...

OBJECTIVES: Intracellular calcium (Ca(2+)) dyshomeostasis (ICDH) has been implicated in bipolar disorder (BD) pathophysiology. We previously showed that SNP rs956572 in the B-cell CLL/lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) gene associates with elevated B lymphoblast (BLCL) intracellular Ca(2+) concentrations ([Ca(2+)]B) differentially in BD-I. Genome-wide association studies strongly support the association between BD and the SNP rs1006737, located within the L-type voltage-dependent Ca(2+) channel α1C subunit gene (CACNA1C)...

PURPOSE: High proliferation rate is a hallmark of cancer. The mitotic index is a useful and simple method for analysis of cell proliferation. However, the practical utility of mitotic index as a predictor of prognosis in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has not been determined. Therefore, we examined mitotic index as a prognostic marker in HCC patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We counted the number of mitotic cells in 10 high-power fields of the tumor area on hematoxylin and eosin-stained slides representing 282 surgically resected HCCs...

This study was aimed to explore the method for induction and expansion of EB virus specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (EBV-CTL) in vitro, and to detect their killing effect. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMNC) were collected from 6 EBV seropositive healthy donors, and EBV-transformed B lymphoblastoid cells (BLCL)were used as the antigen-presenting cells and antigen stimulant which was irradiated by 40 Gy (60)Co irradiator. The autologous PBMNC and irradiated BLCL were cultured to induce and expand the EBV-CTL, and the immunophenotype was identified by the flow cytometry...

To take advantage of the large number of well-characterized mouse immunoglobulins (IgGs) for the study of antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) in human cells, we armed human cytotoxic lymphocytes with a mouse receptor for the Fc portion of IgG antibodies. The human ΝΚ-92 natural killer cell line was transduced with a mouse receptor gene (mCD16), which was stably expressed on the cell surface (referred to as NK-92 (mCD16) ). When tested against a B-lymphoblastoid cell line (BLCL) coated with mouse anti-CD20 IgG1, IgG2a or IgG2b monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), the newly expressed mouse Fc receptor enabled the NK-92 (mCD16) cells to kill the BLCL by ADCC...

The functional relevance of polymorphisms outside the peptide binding groove of HLA molecules is poorly understood. Here we have addressed this issue by studying HLA-DP3, a common antigen relevant for functional matching algorithms of unrelated hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) encoded by two transmembrane (TM) region variants, DPB1(*)03:01 and DPB1(*)104:01. The two HLA-DP3 variants were found at a overall allelic frequency of 10.4% in 201 volunteer stem cell donors, at a ratio of 4.2:1. No significant differences were observed in cell surface expression levels of the two variants on B lymphoblastoid cell lines (BLCL), primary B cells or monocytes...

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-associated post-transplant lymphoproliferative disease (PTLD) arises in up to 10% of organ transplant recipients and is fatal in ∼50% of cases. PTLD can be modeled in SCID mice using EBV+ve human B lymphoblastoid cell lines (BLCLs), and the current study investigated intraperitoneal (ip) inoculation of such animals in experiments which assessed the effect of EBV-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) and cytokines on PTLD growth. Ip transfer of one dose of autologous CTLs, or CD8-enriched T cells, into ip BLCL-inoculated animals significantly delayed tumor development (P = 0...

An investigation of the electrochemical activity of human white blood cells (WBC) for biofuel cell (BFC) applications is described. WBCs isolated from whole human blood were suspended in PBS and introduced into the anode compartment of a proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell. The cathode compartment contained a 50 mM potassium ferricyanide solution. Average current densities between 0.9 and 1.6 μA cm-2 and open circuit potentials (Voc) between 83 and 102 mV were obtained, which were both higher than control values...

OBJECTIVES: Disrupted intracellular calcium (Ca(2+) ) homeostasis (ICH) related to mitochondrial and/or endoplasmic reticulum (ER) dysfunction has been implicated in bipolar disorder (BD). The anti-apoptotic protein B-cell CLL/lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2), encoded in a putative BD susceptibility locus, modulates ER-Ca(2+) dynamics. Recently, an intronic single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the Bcl-2 gene, rs956572, was suggested as a functionally active SNP that influences its messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein level as well as human gray matter volume...

BACKGROUND: Intellectual disability (ID) is frequently associated with sleep disorders. Treatment with melatonin demonstrated efficacy, suggesting that, at least in a subgroup of patients, the endogenous melatonin level may not be sufficient to adequately set the sleep-wake cycles. Mutations in ASMT gene, coding the last enzyme of the melatonin pathway have been reported as a risk factor for autism spectrum disorders (ASD), which are often comorbid with ID. Thus the aim of the study was to ascertain the genetic variability of ASMT in a large cohort of patients with ID and controls...