cortisol in acute stroke

White matter tract (WMT) degeneration has been reported to occur following a stroke, and it is associated with post-stroke functional disturbances. White matter pathology has been suggested to be an independent predictor of post-stroke recovery. However, the factors that influence WMT remodeling are poorly understood. Cortisol is a steroid hormone released in response to prolonged stress, and elevated levels of cortisol have been reported to interfere with brain recovery. The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of corticosterone (CORT; the rodent equivalent of cortisol) on WMT structure post-stroke...

OBJECTIVE: To provide a novel overview of the literature and to summarise the evidence for the effects of aerobic exercise (AE) on serum biomarkers neuroplasticity and brain repair in stroke survivors. DATA SOURCE: We conducted a systematic review and searched MEDLINE, EMBASE and Cochrane CENTRAL using terms related to AE, neuroplasticity, brain repair, and stroke. STUDY SELECTION: Titles, abstracts, and selected full texts were screened by two independent reviewers against the following inclusion criteria: studies including adult stroke survivors, completing an AE intervention working within the AE capacity, with at least one blood biomarker outcome of interest measured...

Sympathetic nervous system plays an important role in secondary injury of diseases. Accumulating evidence has observed association between ischemic stroke and renal dysfunction, but the mechanisms are incompletely clear. In this study, we investigated whether sympathetic hyperactivity can cause the development of renal dysfunction, apoptosis, and fibrogenesis after focal cerebral infarction. To determine the renal consequences of focal cerebral ischemia, we subjected a mice model of transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) and examined systolic blood pressure, heart rate, renal structure and function, serum catecholamine, and cortisol levels, and the expression of active caspase-3 bcl-2, bax, and phosphorylated p38 MAPK after 8 weeks...

The synthesis and secretion of cortisol are controlled by the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. Cortisol exhibits a proper 24-h circadian rhythm that affects the brain, the autonomic nervous system, the heart, and the vasculature that prepares the cardiovascular system for optimal function during these anticipated behavioral cycles. A literature search was conducted using databases such as Google Scholar, PubMed, and Scopus. Relevant search terms included "circadian rhythm and cardiovascular", "cortisol", "cortisol and acute coronary syndrome", "cortisol and arrhythmias", "cortisol and sudden cardiac death", "cortisol and stroke", and "cardioprotective agents"...

OBJECTIVES: Perioperative stress affects the outcome of carotid endarterectomy performed under regional anesthesia. Here we aimed to explore the temporal profile of the stress marker cortisol and its relationship to high-sensitivity troponin-T, matrix metalloproteinase-9, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1, and S100B as an indicator of blood-brain barrier alteration in the systemic circulation. METHODS: Prospective part of the study: a total of 31 patients with significant carotid stenosis scheduled for carotid endarterectomy in regional anesthesia were enrolled...

The level of serum levels of a number of hormones in the acute period of stroke was determined in 29 men and 29 women aged 45 to 88 years. Comparison of the results obtained was carried out in relation to the age of the patients and the severity of the functional defect formed at the end of the acute period of stroke. The most pronounced dynamics in relation to different severity of functional disorders was found for cortisol, aldosterone and estradiol (p=0,014-0,022) in men under the age of 60 years and for testosterone (p=0,001-0,0001) in men 60-88 years...

OBJECTIVE: To identify an effect of the neurohumoral response on the severity and orientation of Fas-ligand-initiated processes in the acute period of IS. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study included 155 patients with IS in the territory of the left and right middle cerebral arteries, the control group consisted of 28 people. The National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS), the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), and the Daily Life Stress scale were used...

Background . Exercise intensity can influence functional recovery after stroke, but the mechanisms remain poorly understood. Objective . In chronic stroke, an intensity-dependent increase in circulating brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) was previously found during vigorous exercise. Using the same serum samples, this study tested acute effects of exercise intensity on other circulating molecules related to neuroplasticity, including vascular-endothelial growth factor (VEGF), insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF1), and cortisol, with some updated analyses involving BDNF...

Neonatal lambs, as other neonates, have physiologically a very low plasma melatonin concentration throughout 24 h. Previously, we found that melatonin given to neonates daily for 5 days decreased heart weight and changed plasma cortisol and gene expression in the adrenal and heart. Whether these changes could compromise the responses to life challenges is unknown. Therefore, firstly, we studied acute effects of melatonin on the defense mechanisms to acute hypoxia in the neonate. Eleven lambs, 2 weeks old, were instrumented and subjected to an episode of acute isocapnic hypoxia, consisting of four 30 min periods: normoxia (room air), normoxia after an i...

BACKGROUND: Caregivers of stroke survivors often suffer depressive symptoms that interfere with their own health. Early recognition may lead to attenuation of symptoms and better health and well-being for caregivers. OBJECTIVE: We examined characteristics of caregivers and stroke survivors associated with caregivers' depressive symptoms in the early poststroke period. METHODS: We conducted a prospective, longitudinal exploratory observational study with a convenience sample of 63 caregivers of older adult (≥ 65 years) stroke survivors recruited from urban acute-care settings...

RATIONALE: After a stroke, patients frequently experience altered systemic immunity resulting in peripheral immunosuppression and higher susceptibility to infections, which is at least partly attributed to lymphopenia. The mechanisms that profoundly change the systemic leukocyte repertoire after stroke are incompletely understood. Emerging evidence indicates that stroke alters hematopoietic output of the bone marrow. OBJECTIVE: To explore the mechanisms that lead to defects of B lymphopoiesis after ischemic stroke...

OBJECTIVES: Standing desks and stability balls are increasingly popular to increase muscle activity and thereby prevent potential adverse cardiometabolic effects of prolonged sitting. The present study examined the effects of (1) sitting on a stability ball ('active sitting') and (2) hourly 10-min standing interruptions during prolonged sitting on postprandial cardiometabolic biomarkers. DESIGN: Experimental crossover study. METHODS: Twenty healthy-weight males (19...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Previous studies suggest that excessive cortisol levels after stroke are associated with cognitive dysfunction. However, limited data exist regarding associations between post-stroke cortisol levels, brain abnormalities, genetic factors, and cognitive outcome. We sought to study these issues in a longitudinal stroke survivors cohort. METHODS: Data from 182 cognitively intact ischemic stroke patients from the TABASCO study were available...

Poststroke depression (PSD) is the most prevalent psychiatric disorder after stroke, which is independently correlated with negative clinical outcome. The identification of specific biomarkers could help to increase the sensitivity of PSD diagnosis and elucidate its pathophysiological mechanisms. The aim of current study was to review and summarize literature exploring potential biomarkers for PSD diagnosis. The PubMed database was searched for papers published in English from October 1977 to December 2017, 90 of which met inclusion criteria for clinical studies related to PSD biomarkers...

Increasing evidence suggests that there are innate differences between sexes with respect to stroke pathophysiology; however, the molecular mechanisms underlying these differences remain unclear. In this investigation, we employed a shotgun approach to broadly profile sex-associated differences in the plasma proteomes of a small group of male ( n = 6) and female ( n = 4) ischemic stroke patients. Peripheral blood was sampled during the acute phase of care, and liquid chromatography electrospray ionization mass spectrometry was used to quantify plasma proteins...

Introduction: Difficulties in non-vitamin K anticoagulant (NOAC) administration in acute stroke can be associated with changes in pharmacokinetic parameters of NOAC such as biotransformation, distribution, and excretion. Therefore, obtaining data on pharmacokinetics of NOAC and factors that affect it may help develop algorithms for personalized use of this drug class in patients with acute cardioembolic stroke. Patients and methods: Pharmacokinetics of apixaban in patients with acute stroke was studied earlier by Kryukov et al...

Ischemic stroke sets in motion a dialogue between the central nervous and the immune systems that includes the sympathetic/adrenal system. We investigated the course of immune cells and adrenocortical and adrenomedullary effectors in a cohort of 51 patients with acute stroke receiving reperfusion therapy (intravenous alteplase or mechanical thrombectomy) and its correlation with stroke outcomes and infarct growth. Cortisol increased rapidly and fleetingly after stroke, but 39% of patients who had larger infarctions on admission showed a positive delta cortisol at day 1...

Recent studies indicate disruptions to the circadian system in brain injury and neurodegeneration. The results, however, are often not consistent and limited by measurement of only one circadian marker and by infrequent sampling rates. In this study, we examined diurnal rhythmicity in different stages of Huntington (HD) disease and in patients with acute moderate ischemic stroke (AIS) outside the retinohypothalamic pathway by evaluating serum concentrations of melatonin and cortisol at twelve timepoints. All study participants were subjected to the same study protocol of 12-hour light/dark cycle and controlled room conditions...

BACKGROUND: Acute Ischemic Stroke (AIS) represents an economic challenge for health systems all over the globe. Changes of neuroactive steroids have been found in different neurological diseases. We have previously demonstrated that old patients with AIS show changes of plasma cortisol and estradiol concentrations, in that increased steroid levels are associated with a deterioration of neurological status and a worse cognitive decline. OBJECTIVE: The present study assessed in patients with AIS if changes of behavior, Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) and Nitrites (NO-2) bear a relationship with the degree of hypercortisolism...

Caregivers' stress following a family member's stroke is likely accentuated by its associated uncertainty. The purpose of the current study was to examine the effect of uncertainty on caregivers' perceived and physiological stress (i.e., salivary cortisol). A prospective, longitudinal observational study was conducted with a convenience sample of 40 caregivers and stroke survivors recruited from acute care settings. Linear mixed models were used. Greater uncertainty was associated with higher perceived stress (p < 0...