obese overweight type 2 diabetes children

Diabetes is a devastating public health problem. Prediabetes is an intermediate stage in the disease processes leading to diabetes, including types 1 and 2 diabetes. In the article "Prediabetes in children and adolescents: An updated review," the authors presented current evidence. We simplify and systematically clearly present the evidence and rationale for a conceptual framework we term the '3ASs': (1) Awareness Sensible; (2) Algorithm Simple; and (3) Appealing Strategies. Policy makers and the public need to be alerted...

The increasing occurrence of childhood overweight and obesity has been followed by a substantial increase in youth-onset type 2 diabetes (T2D). Pharmacological treatment options for youth-onset T2D remain limited, with a clear unmet need for additional oral agents. This summary of research reports on the efficacy and safety of empagliflozin and linagliptin on glycaemic control in children and adolescents aged 10-17 years with T2D in the randomised, double-blind, parallel group, phase 3 DINAMO trial. Empagliflozin provided a clinically relevant, statistically significant, and durable improvement in glycaemic control; however, linagliptin did not...

INTRODUCTION: Obesity, prevalent in approximately 80% of Qatar's adult population, increases the risk of complications like type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Predictive biomarkers are crucial for preventive strategies. Salivary α-amylase activity (sAAa) inversely correlates with obesity and insulin resistance in adults and children. However, the connection between sAAa and cardiometabolic risk factors or chronic low-grade inflammation markers remains unclear. This study explores the association between serum sAAa and adiposity markers related to cardiovascular diseases, as well as markers indicative of chronic low-grade inflammation...

AIMS: To evaluate the status quo of type 1 diabetes (T1D) management and characteristics of hospitalised patients with T1D in China through a nationwide multicentre registry study, the China Diabetes Type 1 Study (CD1S). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Clinical data from the electronic hospital records of all people with T1D were retrospectively collected in 13 tertiary hospitals across 7 regions of China from January 2016 to December 2021. Patients were defined as newly diagnosed who received a diagnosis of diabetes for less than 3 months...

About a third of children and adolescents are overweight or obese in the United Arab Emirates, and referrals for metabolic and bariatric surgery (MBS) are now common. Despite excellent evidence that MBS should be considered in adolescents with severe obesity, it remains a management approach of last resort in many cases. Baseline, real-world data on adolescent patients living with obesity referred for surgery, their characteristics, and how these relate to current and future referral policy are important to ensure best practice...

OBJECTIVES: Metabolic disease in children is increasing worldwide and predisposes a wide array of chronic comorbid conditions with severe impacts on quality of life. Tools for early detection are needed to promptly intervene to prevent or slow the development of these long-term complications. MATERIALS AND METHODS: No clinically available tools are currently in widespread use that can predict the onset of metabolic diseases in pediatric patients. Here, we use interpretable deep learning, leveraging longitudinal clinical measurements, demographical data, and diagnosis codes from electronic health record data from a large integrated health system to predict the onset of prediabetes, type 2 diabetes (T2D), and metabolic syndrome in pediatric cohorts...

IMPORTANCE: There are considerable socioeconomic status (SES) disparities in youth physical activity (PA) levels. For example, studies show that lower-SES youth are less active, have lower participation in organized sports and physical education classes, and have more limited access to PA equipment. OBJECTIVE: To determine the potential public health and economic effects of eliminating disparities in PA levels among US youth SES groups. DESIGN AND SETTING: An agent-based model representing all 6- to 17-year-old children in the US was used to simulate the epidemiological, clinical, and economic effects of disparities in PA levels among different SES groups and the effect of reducing these disparities...

CONTEXT: Recent evidence in 9-year-old children with overweight/obesity followed up for 7 years until late adolescence concluded that increased physical activity (PA) decreased the risk of high fasting glucose, low insulin sensitivity, and secretion. However, whether this effect persists until young adulthood is unknown. OBJECTIVE: This observational study examined the effects of cumulative sedentary time (ST), light PA (LPA), and moderate-to-vigorous (MVPA) on glucose, insulin, and homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) in 11-year-old children followed up for 13 years until young adulthood...

INTRODUCTION: Globally 38.9 million children under age 5 have overweight or obesity, leading to type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular complications, depression, and poor educational outcomes. Obesity is difficult to reverse and lifestyle behaviors (healthy or unhealthy) can persist from 1.5 years of age. Targeting caregivers to help address modifiable behaviors may offer a viable solution. OBJECTIVE: Evaluate the impact of multicomponent family interventions on weight-based outcomes in early childhood and explore related secondary behavior outcomes...

BACKGROUND: The Mediterranean diet (MD) has been related with a decreased probability of overweight/obesity as well as central obesity at all stages of the human life, decreasing the risk of diverse disease states and improving quality of life. Over the last few years, the prevalence of childhood overweight/obesity and especially abdominal obesity has highly increased worldwide, being associated with a higher likelihood of overweight/obesity as well as central obesity at the next stages of the life during adulthood...

Meta-analysis is used to test a variant of a Developmental Origins of Adult Health and Disease (DOHaD)'s conjecture known as predictive adaptive response (PAR). According to it, individuals who are exposed to mismatches between adverse or constrained in utero conditions, on the one hand, and postnatal obesogenic environments, on the other, are at higher risk of developing adult chronic conditions, including obesity, type 2 diabetes (T2D), hypertension and cardiovascular disease. We argue that migrant populations from low and middle to high-income countries offer a unique opportunity to test the conjecture...

The prevalence of obesity in children and adolescents has been gradually increasing in recent years and has become a major health problem. Childhood obesity can readily progress to adult obesity. It is associated with obesity-related comorbidities, such as type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, obstructive sleep apnea, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and the risk factor for cardiovascular disease. It is important to make an accurate assessment of overweight and obesity in children and adolescents with consideration of growth and development...

INTRODUCTION: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a metabolic disorder encompassing risk factors for cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes (T2D). In Mexico, the MetS is a national health problem in adults and children. Environmental and genetic factors condition the MetS. However, studies to elucidate the contribution of genetic factors to MetS in Mexico are scarce. A recent study showed that variant rs9282541 (A-allele) in ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) was associated with T2D in the Maya population in addition to low levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C)...

IMPORTANCE: Maternal diabetes and overweight or obesity are known to be associated with increased risk of congenital heart defects (CHDs) in offspring, but there are no large studies analyzing outcomes associated with these factors in 1 model. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association of maternal diabetes and overweight or obesity with CHDs among offspring in 1 model. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This nationwide, population-based register study was conducted in a birth cohort from Finland consisting of all children born between 2006 and 2016 (620 751 individuals) and their mothers...

BACKGROUND: Obesity among youth (children and adolescents) is associated with increased risk for youth-onset type 2 diabetes. Lifestyle change can delay or prevent the development of type 2 diabetes, yet real-world implementation of health behavior recommendations is challenging. We previously engaged youth with risk factors for type 2 diabetes, their caregivers, and professionals in a human-centered design study to co-design a lifestyle change program. Here we report the outcomes for this 16-week co-designed lifestyle change program for youth at risk for T2D and their caregivers...

AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: Childhood overweight increases the risk of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease in adulthood. However, the impact of childhood leanness on adult obesity and disease risk has been overlooked. We examined the independent and combined influences of child and adult body size on the risk of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. METHODS: Data from the UK Biobank on 364,695 individuals of European ancestry and free of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease were divided into nine categories based on their self-reported body size at age 10 and measured BMI in adulthood...

BACKGROUND: Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) may impair bone development in adolescence, which impacts life-long bone health. No previous studies have examined prospective associations of individual PFAS and their mixture with bone mineral density (BMD) changes in Hispanic young persons, a population at high risk of osteoporosis in adulthood. OBJECTIVES: To examine associations of individual PFAS and PFAS mixtures with longitudinal changes in BMD in an adolescent Hispanic cohort and examine generalizability of findings in a mixed-ethnicity young adult cohort (58...

Background: The reproductive years provide a window into future risk for Type 2 Diabetes (T2DM); women's risk is seven to 10 times higher after gestational diabetes (GDM) and two to four times higher after a hypertensive disorder of pregnancy (HDP). Targeting reproductive-aged women at high risk for T2DM could reduce future T2DM incidence. However, little is known about such women's diabetes risk perceptions, or their knowledge or barriers/motivators of lifestyle change-information essential to understanding how to engage these at-risk women in tailored prevention programs promoting long-term health...

The epidemic of obesity that parallels diabetes mellitus and its complications are diseases of major concern to modern societies. Community-based screening is an effective strategy to identify people at high risk of developing overweight, obesity, prediabetes, diabetes, and related health problems. Here, we present the results of screening the population of four locations in the Ivano-Frankivsk region (Western Ukraine). The study group consisted of 400 adults and 252 children. The measured parameters were: (1) main vital signs - body temperature, resting heart rate, blood pressure; (2) anthropometric indicators - body mass and height, body mass index, waist circumference; and (3) metabolic parameters - fasting capillary blood glucose, total body fat, visceral fat, physical activity level and 10-year risk of developing type 2 diabetes...

PURPOSE: The STORK Groruddalen cohort was set up in 2008 to explore ethnic differences in: (1) maternal health , primarily gestational diabetes (GDM) and related health issues during pregnancy and post partum, and effects of exposures on risk for type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease and other health issues, and (2) offspring's growth and body composition , overweight/obesity and effects of early life exposures. PARTICIPANTS: 823 women (74% of invited) were followed from gestational week (GW) 15...