differentiated thyroid carcinoma

OBJECTIVES: This study aims to identify distinct ultrasound (US) characteristics for distinguishing follicular thyroid carcinoma (FTC) from follicular thyroid adenoma (FTA), and construct a user-friendly preoperative risk stratification model for thyroid follicular neoplasms. METHODS: In this retrospective study, patients diagnosed with pathologically confirmed FTA or FTC and undergoing US examinations between July 2017 and June 2021 were designated as the training cohort, and those from July 2021 to June 2023 were enrolled as the external validation set...

Poorly differentiated thyroid carcinoma (PDTC) is a rare and extremely aggressive tumor, accounting for about 2-15% of all thyroid cancer. PDTC has a distinct biological behavior compared to well-differentiated and anaplastic thyroid carcinoma and, in last years, it has been classified as a separate entity from both anatomopathological and clinical points of view. Nevertheless, there is still a lack of consensus among clinicians regarding inclusion criteria and definition of PDTC that affects its diagnosis and clinical management...

Thyroid cancer is the most common endocrine carcinoma and, among its different subtypes, the papillary subtype (PTC) is the most frequent. Generally, PTCs are well differentiated, but a minor percentage of PTCs are characterized by a worse prognosis and more aggressive behavior. Phytochemicals, naturally found in plant products, represent a heterogeneous group of bioactive compounds that can interfere with cell proliferation and the regulation of the cell cycle, taking part in multiple signaling pathways that are often disrupted in tumor initiation, proliferation, and progression...

BACKGROUND: This study aims to study the possible action mechanism of T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain 3 (TIM3) on the migratory and invasive abilities of thyroid carcinoma (TC) cells. METHODS: GSE104005 and GSE138198 datasets were downloaded from the GEO database for identifying differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Functional enrichment analysis and protein-protein interaction (PPI) analysis were performed on the common DEGs in GSE104005 and GSE138198 datasets...

INTRODUCTION: Primary mucinous carcinoma of the thyroid is an exceedingly rare malignancy that is histologically similar to mucinous carcinoma of other sites. Accurate diagnosis is a challenging yet crucial component of clinical management for both patients and our understanding of this rare disease. CASE PRESENTATION: We report the case of a 69-year-old male patient with primary mucinous carcinoma of the thyroid. Microscopic examination of a biopsy specimen showed fibrous tissue, which was extensively and irregularly infiltrated by a cytologically malignant epithelial neoplasm showing glandular differentiation with mucin production...

OBJECTIVE: Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) accounts for the majority of thyroid cancers and has a high recurrence rate. We aimed to screen key genes involved in PTC to provide novel insights into the mechanisms of PTC. METHODS: Seven microarray datasets of PTC were downloaded from gene expression omnibus database. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between PTC and normal samples were screened in the merged dataset. Then, protein-protein interaction (PPIs) functional modules analysis and weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) were utilized to identify PTC-associated key genes...

Current diagnostic methods for thyroid diseases, including blood tests, ultrasound, and biopsy, always have difficulty diagnosing thyroiditis accurately, occasionally mistaking it for thyroid cancer. To address this clinical challenge, we developed Ox-PGP1, a novel fluorescent probe realizing rapid, noninvasive, and real-time diagnostic techniques. This is the first imaging tool capable of noninvasively distinguishing between thyroiditis and thyroid cancer. Ox-PGP1 was introduced as a fluorescent probe custom-built for the specific detection and quantification of pyroglutamate aminopeptidase 1 (PGP-1), a known pivotal biomarker of inflammation...

Objective: To investigate the accurate diagnosis and differential diagnosis of non-primary solid malignant tumors in breast needle core biopsy. Methods: Twenty-three cases of breast, axilla or neck lymph nodes pathologically diagnosed as non-primary solid malignant tumors were collected at the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China from January 2013 to March 2023. The differential diagnoses and diagnostic features were analyzed, based on combining clinical data, histology, and expression characteristics of biomarkers...

Theranostics with radioligands (radiotheranostics) has played a pivotal role in oncology. Radiotheranostics explores the molecular targets expressed on tumor cells to target them for imaging and therapy. In this way, radiotheranostics entails non-invasive demonstration of the in vivo expression of a molecular target of interest through imaging followed by the administration of therapeutic radioligand targeting the tumor-expressed molecular target. Therefore, radiotheranostics ensures that only patients with a high likelihood of response are treated with a particular radiotheranostic agent, ensuring the delivery of personalized care to cancer patients...

Primary squamous cell carcinoma of the thyroid is a very rare thyroid malignancy. In addition, due to its presentation as a locally advanced disease with a high tendency to metastasize, it has a poor prognosis and outcome. We report a 60-year-old male patient with PSCC, which was confirmed by immunohistochemistry on biopsy. The patient was staged as T4N1M0 and was planned as per the multidisciplinary team approach. In sum, pathologic examination and IHC aid in distinguishing this lesion and help in differentiating it from other tumors of similar histology...

INTRODUCTION: The category of borderline malignancy or unknown malignant potential was added to the WHO's 2017 classification of thyroid tumours. A new histological variety of papillary tumours and Hurthle cell tumours was given as a separate entity. The classification has also adopted the Turin criteria for histological diagnosis of poorly differentiated cancer (PDC). SETTINGS AND DESIGN: Descriptive study. METHODS AND MATERIAL: From July 2018 to June 2022, 200 thyroid neoplasm patients at a tertiary care facility in western Maharashtra were participated in the prospective research over a period of 4 years...

Thyroid carcinoma is the most common malignancy of the endocrine system and accounts for nearly 1.5% of all new cancer cases in India. The incidence of thyroid cancers is on the rise secondary to multiple factors including the widespread use of radiological imaging. Surgery remains the cornerstone of treatment, and radioactive iodine therapy plays a pivotal role in differentiated thyroid cancer. Radiation therapy appears to be an underutilized treatment modality. In this review, we have summarized the role of radiation in the treatment of thyroid cancer...

BACKGROUND: In thyroid cancers, a reduction in the expression of the sodium/iodide symporter (NIS) is observed concomitant with a diminution in cancer cell differentiation. The β-catenin/LEF-1 pathway emerges as a crucial regulatory pathway influencing the functional expression of NIS in human thyroid cancer cells. Further research is required to comprehensively elucidate the role of NIS overexpression in impeding the progression of thyroid cancer cells. METHODS: Human papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) cell lines, specifically PTC-1 and KTC-1, were subjected to Scratch and Transwell assays, colony formation, and tumor sphere formation tests to investigate invasion and migration, focusing on the impact of NIS overexpression...

BACKGROUND: The clinic-pathological boundary between poorly differentiated thyroid cancer (PDTC) and anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) is unclear due to a wide spectrum of histopathological features and the rarity of the disease. In addition to that, with the highest mortality rate and non-standard treatment modality, the PDTC/ATC population has not been subjected to comprehensive description and comparison with the extent of histological characteristics, therapeutic response, prognostic factors, and death attribution analysis...

INTRODUCTION: The repertoire of microRNAs (miRNAs) in thyroid carcinomas starts to be elucidated. Among differentiated thyroid carcinomas (DTCs), papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is the most frequent. The assessment of miRNAs expression may contribute to refine the pre-surgical diagnosis in order to obtain a personalized and more effective treatment for patients. AIMS: This study aims to evaluate (1) the miRNAs in a series of DTCs, and their association with the presence of selected genetic mutations in order to improve diagnosis and predict the biologic behavior of DTC/PTC...

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this research was to create a deep learning network that utilizes multiscale images for the classification of follicular thyroid carcinoma (FTC) and follicular thyroid adenoma (FTA) through preoperative US. METHODS: This retrospective study involved the collection of ultrasound images from 279 patients at two tertiary level hospitals. To address the issue of false positives caused by small nodules, we introduced a multi-rescale fusion network (MRF-Net)...

Laryngeal paraganglioma (LP) is an exceptionally rare neuroendocrine tumor, underscoring importance of accurate identification to preclude misdiagnoses. In this review, we presented two typical misdiagnosed LPs, and offered reviews of LP cases reported over the preceding decade and all documented misdiagnosed LP cases. Furthermore, we systematically investigated the underlying causes of misdiagnosis and elucidated key points for effective differentiation. A retrospective analysis of 28 LP cases revealed a predominant occurrence in middle-aged women, with an average history of 25...

BACKGROUND: Ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration thyroglobulin (FNA-Tg) is recommended for the diagnosis of lymph node metastasis (LNM) in differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC), but its optimal cutoff value remains controversial, and the effect of potential influencing factors on FNA-Tg levels is unclear. METHOD: In this study, a retrospective analysis was conducted on 281 patients diagnosed with DTC, encompassing 333 lymph nodes. We analyze the optimal cutoff value and diagnostic efficacy of FNA-Tg, while also evaluating the potential influence of various factors on FNA-Tg...

AIMS: Papillary thyroid carcinoma, tall cell subtype (PTC-TC) is a potentially aggressive histotype. The latest World Health Organisation (WHO) classification introduced a novel class of tumours; namely, high-grade differentiated thyroid carcinoma (HGDTC), characterised by elevated mitotic count and/or necrosis, which can exhibit a tall cell phenotype (HGDTC-TC). METHODS AND RESULTS: We analysed the clinical outcomes in a large retrospective cohort of 1456 consecutive thyroid carcinomas with a tall cell phenotype, including PTC-TC and HGDTC-TC...

NUT carcinoma is an aggressive, poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma, defined by rearrangement of the NUTM1 (Nuclear Protein in Testis) gene. Diagnosis is challenging due to histologic similarities with other poorly differentiated tumors requiring advanced diagnostic techniques. There is no established treatment, and prognosis remains extremely poor. A 27-year-old woman without known medical history presented with a rapidly enlarging neck mass and compressive symptoms. Chemotherapy for presumed squamous cell carcinoma with a component of anaplastic thyroid cancer based on pathology was initiated...