keyword
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37459818/jack-of-all-trades-versus-master-of-one-how-generalist-versus-specialist-strategies-of-transposable-elements-relate%C3%A2-to-their-horizontal-transfer-between-lineages
#21
REVIEW
Erin S Kelleher
Transposable elements (TEs) are obligate genomic parasites, relying on host germline cells to ensure their replication and passage to future generations. While some TEs exhibit high fidelity to their host genome, being passed from parent to offspring through vertical transmission for millions of years, others frequently invade new and distantly related hosts through horizontal transfer. In this review, I highlight how the complexity of interactions between TE and host required for transposition may be an important determinant of horizontal transfer: with TEs with more complex regulatory requirements being less able to invade new host genomes...
July 15, 2023: Current Opinion in Genetics & Development
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37459364/characterization-of-two-novel-proteins-involved-in-mitochondrial-dna-anchoring-in-trypanosoma-brucei
#22
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Simona Amodeo, Irina Bregy, Anneliese Hoffmann, Albert Fradera-Sola, Mara Kern, Hélène Baudouin, Benoît Zuber, Falk Butter, Torsten Ochsenreiter
Trypanosoma brucei is a single celled eukaryotic parasite in the group of the Kinetoplastea. The parasite harbors a single mitochondrion with a singular mitochondrial genome that is known as the kinetoplast DNA (kDNA). The kDNA consists of a unique network of thousands of interlocked circular DNA molecules. To ensure proper inheritance of the kDNA to the daughter cells, the genome is physically linked to the basal body, the master organizer of the cell cycle in trypanosomes. The connection that spans, cytoplasm, mitochondrial membranes and the mitochondrial matrix is mediated by the Tripartite Attachment Complex (TAC)...
July 17, 2023: PLoS Pathogens
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37415758/deep-tech-innovation-for-parasite-diagnosis-new-dimensions-and-opportunities
#23
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Subhash Chandra Parija, Abhijit Poddar
By converging advanced science, engineering, and design, deep techs are bringing a great wave of future innovations by mastering challenges and problem complexity across sectors and the field of parasitology is no exception. Remarkable research and advancements can be seen in the field of parasite detection and diagnosis through smartphone applications. Supervised and unsupervised data deep learnings are heavily exploited for the development of automated neural network models for the prediction of parasites, eggs, etc...
2023: Tropical Parasitology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37404250/double-trouble-trypanosomatids-with-two-hosts-have-lower-infection-prevalence-than-single-host-trypanosomatids
#24
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Hawra Al-Ghafli, Seth M Barribeau
Trypanosomatids are a diverse family of protozoan parasites, some of which cause devastating human and livestock diseases. There are two distinct infection life cycles in trypanosomatids; some species complete their entire life cycle in a single host (monoxenous) while others infect two hosts (dixenous). Dixenous trypanosomatids are mostly vectored by insects, and the human trypanosomatid diseases are caused mainly by vectored parasites. While infection prevalence has been described for subsets of hosts and trypanosomatids, little is known about whether monoxenous and dixenous trypanosomatids differ in infection prevalence...
2023: Evolution, Medicine, and Public Health
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37381476/amplification-of-higher-order-laguerre-gaussian-modes-using-a-dual-pass-mopa-system
#25
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Justin Harrison, Andrew Forbes, Darryl Naidoo
Structured light beams that are tailored for purpose have found a myriad of applications, from improved efficiency of laser-based industrial manufacturing processes to enhanced bandwidth in optical communication. While the selection of such modes is readily achievable at low powers (<100 mW) with external shaping devices, creating and controlling structured light at higher powers (>1 W) has proven to be a non-trivial task, particularly if dynamic control is required. Here we demonstrate the power amplification of low-power higher-order Laguerre-Gaussian modes using a novel in-line dual-pass master oscillator power amplifier (MOPA)...
May 22, 2023: Optics Express
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37375100/regulatory-functions-of-hypoxia-in-host-parasite-interactions-a-focus-on-enteric-tissue-and-blood-protozoa
#26
REVIEW
Emily DeMichele, Olivia Sosnowski, Andre G Buret, Thibault Allain
Body tissues are subjected to various oxygenic gradients and fluctuations and hence can become transiently hypoxic. Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) is the master transcriptional regulator of the cellular hypoxic response and is capable of modulating cellular metabolism, immune responses, epithelial barrier integrity, and local microbiota. Recent reports have characterized the hypoxic response to various infections. However, little is known about the role of HIF activation in the context of protozoan parasitic infections...
June 16, 2023: Microorganisms
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37315106/spi-1-virulence-gene-expression-modulates-motility-of-salmonella-typhimurium-in-a-proton-motive-force-and-adhesins-dependent-manner
#27
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Doaa Osama Saleh, Julia A Horstmann, María Giralt-Zúñiga, Willi Weber, Eugen Kaganovitch, Abilash Chakravarthy Durairaj, Enrico Klotzsch, Till Strowig, Marc Erhardt
Both the bacterial flagellum and the evolutionary related injectisome encoded on the Salmonella pathogenicity island 1 (SPI-1) play crucial roles during the infection cycle of Salmonella species. The interplay of both is highlighted by the complex cross-regulation that includes transcriptional control of the flagellar master regulatory operon flhDC by HilD, the master regulator of SPI-1 gene expression. Contrary to the HilD-dependent activation of flagellar gene expression, we report here that activation of HilD resulted in a dramatic loss of motility, which was dependent on the presence of SPI-1...
June 14, 2023: PLoS Pathogens
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37293082/pfap2-mrp-dna-binding-protein-is-a-master-regulator-of-parasite-pathogenesis-during-malaria-parasite-blood-stages
#28
Amit Kumar Subudhi, Judith L Green, Rohit Satyam, Todd Lenz, Rahul P Salunke, Muhammad Shuaib, Ioannis Isaioglou, Steven Abel, Mohit Gupta, Luke Esau, Tobias Mourier, Raushan Nugmanova, Sara Mfarrej, Rupali Sivapurkar, Zenaida Stead, Fathia Ben Rached, Yogesh Otswal, Rachid Sougrat, Ashraf Dada, Abdullah Fuaad Kadamany, Wolfgang Fischle, Jasmeen Merzaban, Ellen Knuepfer, David J P Ferguson, Ishaan Gupta, Karine G Le Roch, Anthony A Holder, Arnab Pain
Malaria pathogenicity results from the parasite's ability to invade, multiply within and then egress from the host red blood cell (RBC). Infected RBCs are remodeled, expressing antigenic variant proteins (such as PfEMP1, coded by the var gene family) for immune evasion and survival. These processes require the concerted actions of many proteins, but the molecular regulation is poorly understood. We have characterized an essential Plasmodium specific Apicomplexan AP2 (ApiAP2) transcription factor in Plasmodium falciparum (PfAP2-MRP; Master Regulator of Pathogenesis) during the intraerythrocytic developmental cycle (IDC)...
May 24, 2023: bioRxiv
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37277533/sexual-differentiation-in-human-malaria-parasites-is-regulated-by-competition-between-phospholipid-metabolism-and-histone-methylation
#29
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Chantal T Harris, Xinran Tong, Riward Campelo, Inês M Marreiros, Leen N Vanheer, Navid Nahiyaan, Vanessa A Zuzarte-Luís, Kirk W Deitsch, Maria M Mota, Kyu Y Rhee, Björn F C Kafsack
For Plasmodium falciparum, the most widespread and virulent malaria parasite that infects humans, persistence depends on continuous asexual replication in red blood cells, while transmission to their mosquito vector requires asexual blood-stage parasites to differentiate into non-replicating gametocytes. This decision is controlled by stochastic derepression of a heterochromatin-silenced locus encoding AP2-G, the master transcription factor of sexual differentiation. The frequency of ap2-g derepression was shown to be responsive to extracellular phospholipid precursors but the mechanism linking these metabolites to epigenetic regulation of ap2-g was unknown...
June 5, 2023: Nature Microbiology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37260371/overexpression-of-eimeria-tenella-rhoptry-kinase-2-induces-early-production-of-schizonts
#30
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Adeline Ribeiro E Silva, Mamadou Amadou Diallo, Alix Sausset, Thomas Robert, Stéphane Bach, Françoise I Bussière, Fabrice Laurent, Sonia Lacroix-Lamandé, Anne Silvestre
Eimeria tenella is an obligate intracellular parasite responsible for avian coccidiosis. Like other apicomplexan parasites, such as Toxoplasma gondii, cell invasion and intracellular development rely on apical organelle content discharge, named micronemes and rhoptries. Some rhoptry (ROP) kinases (ROPK) are key virulence factors in T. gondii. To date, among the 28 ropk genes carried by E. tenella, only two to four were confirmed by proteomic analysis or immunostaining to be expressed at the sporozoite stage...
June 1, 2023: Microbiology Spectrum
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37173329/cytoprotective-autophagy-as-a-pro-survival-strategy-in-art-resistant-malaria-parasites
#31
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Deepika Kannan, Nishant Joshi, Sonal Gupta, Soumya Pati, Souvik Bhattacharjee, Gordon Langsley, Shailja Singh
Despite several initiatives to subside the global malaria burden, the spread of artemisinin-resistant parasites poses a big threat to malaria elimination. Mutations in PfKelch13 are predictive of ART resistance, whose underpinning molecular mechanism remains obscure. Recently, endocytosis and stress response pathways such as the ubiquitin-proteasome machinery have been linked to artemisinin resistance. With Plasmodium, however, ambiguity persists regarding a role in ART resistance for another cellular stress defence mechanism called autophagy...
May 13, 2023: Cell Death Discovery
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37071661/polyamines-and-eif5a-hypusination-facilitate-srebp2-synthesis-and-cholesterol-production-leading-to-enhanced-enterovirus-attachment-and-infection
#32
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Mason R Firpo, Natalie J LoMascolo, Marine J Petit, Priya S Shah, Bryan C Mounce
Metabolism is key to cellular processes that underlie the ability of a virus to productively infect. Polyamines are small metabolites vital for many host cell processes including proliferation, transcription, and translation. Polyamine depletion also inhibits virus infection via diverse mechanisms, including inhibiting polymerase activity and viral translation. We showed that Coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) attachment requires polyamines; however, the mechanism was unknown. Here, we report polyamines' involvement in translation, through a process called hypusination, promotes expression of cholesterol synthesis genes by supporting SREBP2 synthesis, the master transcriptional regulator of cholesterol synthesis genes...
April 18, 2023: PLoS Pathogens
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37036883/mmupv1-e7-s-interaction-with-ptpn14-delays-epithelial-differentiation-and-contributes-to-virus-induced-skin-disease
#33
JOURNAL ARTICLE
James C Romero-Masters, Miranda Grace, Denis Lee, Joshua Lei, Melanie DePamphilis, Darya Buehler, Rong Hu, Ella Ward-Shaw, Simon Blaine-Sauer, Nathalie Lavoie, Elizabeth A White, Karl Munger, Paul F Lambert
Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) contribute to approximately 5% of all human cancers. Species-specific barriers limit the ability to study HPV pathogenesis in animal models. Murine papillomavirus (MmuPV1) provides a powerful tool to study the roles of papillomavirus genes in pathogenesis arising from a natural infection. We previously identified Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase Non-Receptor Type 14 (PTPN14), a tumor suppressor targeted by HPV E7 proteins, as a putative cellular target of MmuPV1 E7. Here, we confirmed the MmuPV1 E7-PTPN14 interaction...
April 2023: PLoS Pathogens
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36979382/the-potential-role-of-microorganisms-on-enteric-nervous-system-development-and-disease
#34
REVIEW
Atchariya Chanpong, Osvaldo Borrelli, Nikhil Thapar
The enteric nervous system (ENS), the inherent nervous system of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract is a vast nervous system that controls key GI functions, including motility. It functions at a critical interface between the gut luminal contents, including the diverse population of microorganisms deemed the microbiota, as well as the autonomic and central nervous systems. Critical development of this axis of interaction, a key determinant of human health and disease, appears to occur most significantly during early life and childhood, from the pre-natal through to the post-natal period...
February 27, 2023: Biomolecules
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36922762/microrna-transcription-factor-regulatory-networks-in-the-early-strobilar-development-of-echinococcus-granulosus-protoscoleces
#35
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Mohammad Ali Mohammadi, Mehdi Mansouri, Ali Derakhshani, Masoud Rezaie, Mehdi Borhani, Saeid Nasibi, Seyed Mohammad Mousavi, Ali Afgar, Natalia Macchiaroli, Mara C Rosenzvit, Majid Fasihi Harandi
BACKGROUND: Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato has a complex developmental biology with a variety of factors relating to both intermediate and final hosts. To achieve maximum parasite adaptability, the development of the cestode is dependent on essential changes in transcript regulation. Transcription factors (TFs) and miRNAs are known as master regulators that affect the expression of downstream genes through a wide range of metabolic and signaling pathways. In this study, we aimed to develop a regulatory miRNA-Transcription factor (miRNA-TF) network across early developmental stages of E...
March 15, 2023: BMC Genomics
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36792438/getting-to-the-root-of-a-club-understanding-developmental-manipulation-by-the-clubroot-pathogen
#36
REVIEW
Marina Silvestre Vañó, Maryam Nourimand, Allyson MacLean, Edel Pérez-López
Plasmodiophora brassicae Wor., the clubroot pathogen, is the perfect example of an "atypical" plant pathogen. This soil-borne protist and obligate biotrophic parasite infects the roots of cruciferous crops, inducing galls or clubs that lead to wilting, loss of productivity, and plant death. Unlike many other agriculturally relevant pathosystems, research into the molecular mechanisms that underlie clubroot disease and Plasmodiophora-host interactions is limited. After release of the first P. brassicae genome sequence and subsequent availability of transcriptomic data, the clubroot research community have implicated the involvement of phytohormones during the clubroot pathogen's manipulation of host development...
February 13, 2023: Seminars in Cell & Developmental Biology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36749049/cooperative-regulation-of-flagellar-synthesis-by-two-eal-like-proteins-upon-salmonella-entry-into-host-cells
#37
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Yingying Yue, Weiwei Wang, Yue Ma, Nannan Song, Haihong Jia, Cuiling Li, Qi Wang, Hui Li, Bingqing Li
When Salmonella enters host cells, the synthesis of flagella is quickly turned off to escape the host immune system. In this study, we investigated the cooperative regulatory mechanism of flagellar synthesis by two EAL-like proteins, STM1344 and STM1697, in Salmonella. We found that Salmonella upregulated the expression of both STM1344 and STM1697 to various degrees upon invading host cells. Importantly, deletion of STM1697 or STM1344 led to failure of Salmonella flagellar control within host cells, suggesting that the two factors are not redundant but indispensable...
February 7, 2023: Microbiology Spectrum
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36716333/verticillium-dahliae-vta3-promotes-elv1-virulence-factor-gene-expression-in-xylem-sap-but-tames-mtf1-mediated-late-stages-of-fungus-plant-interactions-and-microsclerotia-formation
#38
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Isabel Maurus, Rebekka Harting, Cornelia Herrfurth, Jessica Starke, Alexandra Nagel, Lennart Mohnike, Ying-Yu Chen, Kerstin Schmitt, Emmanouil Bastakis, Marian T Süß, Miriam Leonard, Kai Heimel, Oliver Valerius, Ivo Feussner, James W Kronstad, Gerhard H Braus
Verticillium transcription activator of adhesion 3 (Vta3) is required for plant root colonization and pathogenicity of the soil-borne vascular fungus Verticillium dahliae. RNA sequencing identified Vta3-dependent genetic networks required for growth in tomato xylem sap. Vta3 affects the expression of more than 1,000 transcripts, including candidates with predicted functions in virulence and morphogenesis such as Egh16-like virulence factor 1 (Elv1) and Master transcription factor 1 (Mtf1). The genes encoding Elv1 and Mtf1 were deleted and their functions in V...
January 30, 2023: PLoS Pathogens
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36708871/phosphodiesterase-delta-governs-the-mechanical-properties-of-erythrocytes-infected-with-plasmodium-falciparum-gametocytes
#39
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Marie-Esther N'Dri, Tatyana Almeida Tavella, Ludivine Royer, Florian Dupuy, Laurianne Bedault, Frédérique Verdier, Catherine Lavazec
To persist in the blood circulation and to be available for mosquitoes, Plasmodium falciparum gametocytes modify the deformability and the permeability of their erythrocyte host via cyclic AMP (cAMP) signaling pathway. Cyclic nucleotide levels are tightly controlled by phosphodiesterases (PDE), however in Plasmodium these proteins are poorly characterized. Here, we characterize the P. falciparum phosphodiesterase delta (PfPDEδ) and we investigate its role in the cAMP signaling-mediated regulation of gametocyte-infected erythrocyte mechanical properties...
January 25, 2023: Microbes and Infection
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36646561/crossing-the-valley-of-death-toward-translational-research-regarding-ilc2
#40
REVIEW
Takuya Yashiro, Kazuyo Moro
Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) are tissue-resident innate lymphoid cells that express the transcription factor GATA3 as a master regulator, which leads to the production of large amounts of type 2 cytokines, such as IL-5 and IL-13. ILC2s are activated by epithelial cell-derived cytokines, including IL-33 and IL-25, and play a key role in parasite expulsion, allergic responses, tissue repair, and metabolism. In the first five years after the discovery of ILC2s, research mainly focused on their function through cytokine receptors...
January 14, 2023: Allergology International: Official Journal of the Japanese Society of Allergology
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