Blood clot

The Pulmonary Assist System (PAS) is currently under development as a wearable respiratory assist system. In this study, the hemocompatibility of the PAS's axial-flow mechanical pump (AFP) was compared to other contemporary mechanical pumps in an acute ovine model. The PAS was attached to a normal sheep in a venovenous configuration using one of three pumps: 1) AFP, 2) ReliantHeart HeartAssist 5 (control), or 3) Abbott Pedimag (control) (n = 5 each). Each sheep was supported on the PAS for 12 hours with two L/minute of blood flow and four L/minute of sweep gas...

Venous thrombosis (VT) is a serious medical condition in which a blood clot forms in deep veins, often causing limb swelling and pain. Current anti-thrombotic therapies carry significant bleeding risks resulting from targeting essential coagulation factors. Recent advances in this field have revealed that the crosstalk between the innate immune system and coagulation cascade is a key driver of VT pathogenesis, offering new opportunities for potential therapeutic interventions without inducing bleeding complications...

Natural Coral Particles (NCPs) are a suitable scaffold material for Guided Bone Regeneration (GBR) procedures; it combines the placement of a bone substitute supporting a barrier membrane. Due to increasing sea pollution and the declarations of endangered coral species (KYOTO 1997), they are no longer suitable for the medical industry. Novel domestic corals have been grown under controlled conditions to produce cultivated coral graft (CCG) material. This study aimed to evaluate a new CCG in an in vivo experimental GBR procedure...

Atherosclerosis is viewed as not just as a problem of lipid build-up in blood vessels, but also as a chronic inflammatory disease involving both innate and acquired immunity. In atherosclerosis, the inflammation of the arterial walls is the key characteristic that significantly contributes to both the instability of plaque and the occlusion of arteries by blood clots. These events ultimately lead to stroke and acute coronary syndrome. Probiotics are living microorganisms that, when consumed in the right quantities, offer advantages for one's health...

Powder-based hemostatic technology has offered unprecedented opportunities in surgical sealing and repair of irregularly shaped and noncompressible wounds. Despite their routine use, existing clinical hemostatic powders are challenged either by poor mechanical properties or inadequate adhesion to bleeding tissues in biological environments. Here, inspired by the mussel foot proteins' fusion assembly strategy, a novel silk fibroin-based hemostatic powder (named as SF/PEG/TA) with instant and robust adhesion performance is developed...

The dynamics of cellular blood flow in curved vessels considerably differ from those in straight vessels. It is reported that clotting development is significantly affected by vessel shape irregularities. Thus, the current study aims to investigate the effect of curvature degree and hematocrit level on cellular blood flow in a curved micro-vessel with a saccular aneurysm. Accordingly, a three-dimensional numerical simulation is performed using a validated code developed for cellular blood flow problems. The obtained results show that the cell-free layer thickness is highly dependent on the curvature degree and hematocrit level, which may have a remarkable impact on the apparent viscosity of blood as well as the dynamics of other particles such as drug particulates...

Effective therapies are urgently needed to stabilize patients with marginally compressible junctional hemorrhage long enough to get them to the hospital alive. Herein, we report injectable and rapidly expandable cryogels consisting of polyacrylamide and thrombin (AT cryogels) created by cryo-polymerization for the efficient management of lethal junctional hemorrhage in swine. The produced cryogels have small pore sizes and highly interconnected porous architecture with robust mechanical strength. The cryogels exhibit rapid shape memory properties and prove to be resilient against fatigue...

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is an extremely rare cancer in pediatric, accounting for 0.1% to 0.3% of all pediatric malignancies. Due to its low incidence in this age group, literature on pediatric RCC is limited. We present a case of localized RCC in pediatric patient treated with nephroureterectomy and lymphadenectomy. A 14-year-old girl with a 2-year history of red urine, blood clots, and left flank pain underwent physical examination, revealing left flank tenderness. Laboratory results showed anemia, leukocytosis, elevated LDH, and erythrocytes in urine...

Injectable anticoagulants are widely used in medical procedures to prevent unwanted blood clotting. However, many lack safe, effective reversal agents. Here, we present new data on a previously described RNA origami-based, direct thrombin inhibitor (HEX01). We describe a new, fast-acting, specific, single-molecule reversal agent (antidote) and present in vivo data for the first time, including efficacy, reversibility, preliminary safety, and initial biodistribution studies. HEX01 contains multiple thrombin-binding aptamers appended on an RNA origami...

A 21-year-old captive female Humboldt penguin (Spheniscus humboldti) was in good health until the day before the animal died. However, the animal suddenly exhibited symptoms of vomiting and anorexia, and died in shortly thereafter. The autopsy revealed a blood clot in the abdominal air sac and 280 mL of dark red fluid in the body cavity. The ovary was twisted around a blood vessel. Based on the findings described, it was considered that the cause of death was hypovolemic shock due to massive intracoelomic hemorrhage by vascular collapse resulting from ovarian torsion...

Hemostatic powder is widely employed for emergency bleeding control due to its ability to conform to irregularly shaped wounds, ease of use, and stable storage. However, current powders exhibit limited tissue adhesion and insufficient support for thrombus formation, making them easily washed away by blood. In this study, a hybrid powder (QAL) was produced by mixing quaternized chitosan (QCS) powder, catechol-modified alginate (Cat-SA) powder, and laponite (Lap) powder. Upon addition of QAL, the blood quickly transformed to a robust and adhesive blood gel...

Humans often have bleeding, which exerts substantial selective pressure on the coagulation system to optimize hemostasis in a variety of situations. Uncontrolled hemorrhage due to severe trauma leads to morbidity and mortality. Although nonbiological surfaces such as silicates can activate coagulation factor XII (FXII), the presence of Zn (Zinc) in the material stimulates and activates the various steps in the coagulation cascade. This results in blood clotting. The Zn@SiO2 nanocomposite has an excellent hemostatic property that establishes hemostasis by activating the factors responsible for the formation of a stable clot called fibrin mesh...

BACKGROUND: Intraoperative parathyroid hormone (PTH) monitoring is a proven and reliable adjunct to parathyroid surgery, able to improve the outcomes and efficiency of the diagnostic and therapeutic pathway for patients with primary hyperparathyroidism. This study evaluated the innovative, compact, fully automated NBCL CONNECT Analyzer, which can measure whole-blood PTH in 5 min. METHODS: A prospective multicentre study was conducted in stages: results reviews, recommendations, and implementation of improvements to the mechanical design, components of cartridges, calibration, and sampling protocols...

In unfractionated heparin (UFH) monitoring during extracorporeal circulation, the traditional measures of activated clotting time (ACT) or activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) may diverge, confounding anticoagulant adjustments. We aimed to explore the factors explaining this discrepancy in children and young adults. This retrospective observational study, conducted at an urban regional tertiary hospital, included consecutive pediatric patients who received UFH during extracorporeal circulation (continuous kidney replacement therapy or extracorporeal membrane oxygenation) between April 2017 and March 2021...

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Thromboembolism and related complications are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide and various assays have been developed to test thrombolytic drug efficiency both in vitro and in vivo. There is increasing demand for more physiologically relevant in-vitro clot models for drug development due to the complexity and cost associated with animal models in addition to their often lack of translatability to human physiology. Flow, pressure, and shear rate are important characteristics of the circulatory system, with clots that are formed under flow displaying different morphology and digestion characteristics than statically formed clots...

Deep venous thrombosis (DVT) is a serious condition in which a blood clot forms in a deep vein, usually of the lower extremity. In pediatric orthopedic surgery, the incidence of thrombotic events is rare. This is a case presentation of a 12-year-old female patient without previous events or a family history of thrombotic events who underwent a posterior spinal fusion due to severe adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. The patient developed a DVT due to an underlying Factor V Leiden mutation. The purpose of this case report is to create awareness, facilitate the diagnosis and management, and aid in future interventions and clinical outcomes...

A State of the Art lecture entitled "Connecting Fibrinolysis and Dyslipidemia" was presented at the International Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis Congress 2023. Hemostasis balances the consequences of blood clotting and bleeding. This balance relies on the proper formation of blood clots, as well as the breakdown of blood clots. The primary mechanism that breaks down blood clots is fibrinolysis, where the fibrin net becomes lysed and the blood clot dissolves. Dyslipidemia is a condition where blood lipid and lipoprotein levels are abnormal...

In situ pulmonary arterial thrombosis (ISPAT) refers to the formation of new blood clots in the pulmonary arterial system in the absence of pre-existing clots in the peripheral venous system. With the emergence and prevalence of COVID-19, ISPAT has become an increasingly important cause of pulmonary arterial thrombosis (PAT) alongside thromboembolism. Several factors such as hypoxia, inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, and hypercoagulable state can lead to ISPAT, which is associated with a number of conditions such as thoracic trauma, partial lung resection, pulmonary infectious disease, pulmonary vasculitis, connective tissue diseases, severe pulmonary hypertension, radiation pneumonitis, and acute chest syndrome in sickle cell disease...

Stroke is the second result for death and ischemic stroke constitutes most of all stroke cases. Ischemic stroke takes place when blood clot or embolus blocks cerebral vessel and interrupts blood flow, which often leads to brain damage, permanent disability, or death. There is a 4.5-hour (golden hour) treatment window to restore blood flow prior to permanent neurological impairment results. Current treatments of stroke consist mechanical system or thrombolytic drug therapy to disrupt or dissolve thrombus. Thrombolytics given more than 4...