Structure Function Analysis in Glaucoma

This study presents a 3D in vitro cell culture model, meticulously 3D printed to replicate the conventional aqueous outflow pathway anatomical structure, facilitating the study of trabecular meshwork (TM) cellular responses under glaucomatous conditions. Glaucoma affects TM cell functionality, leading to extracellular matrix (ECM) stiffening, enhanced cell-ECM adhesion, and obstructed aqueous humor outflow. Our model, reconstructed from polyacrylamide gel with elastic moduli of 1.5 and 21.7 kPa, is based on serial block-face scanning electron microscopy images of the outflow pathway...

PURPOSE: To investigate factors associated with optic disc microvasculature dropout (MvD-D) in pre-perimetric primary open-angle glaucoma (PPG) patients. METHODS: 139 eyes of PPG patients were categorized according to the presence of MvD-D with optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA). Factors including visual field (VF) mean deviation (MD), retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness, focal lamina cribrosa (LC) defect, optic disc hemorrhage (DH), and parapapillary deep-layer microvasculature dropout (MvD-P) were compared between eyes with and without MvD-D...

Condensing 2-phenoxyaniline with 5-chlorosalicyldehyde under reflux conditions, a 4-chloro-2-(((2-phenoxyphenyl)imino)methyl)phenol Schiff base has been Synthesized. A zinc complex was synthesized by combining the ligand in a 1:1 molar ratio with zinc sulphateheptahydrate. Mass spectroscopy, NMR, infrared, and elemental analysis were used to characterize the ligand and zinc complex. By measuring the molar conductance, the non-electrolytic character of the complex was confirmed. The zinc ion is coordinated in a pentadentate manner, according to an IR and NMR investigation...

PURPOSE: To characterize the natural history of normal-tension glaucoma (NTG) in Chinese patients. METHODS: The prospective observational cohort study included patients with untreated NTG with a minimum follow-up of 2 years. Functional progression was defined by visual field (VF) deterioration, while structural progression was characterized by thinning of the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) or ganglion cell inner plexiform layer (GCIPL). RESULTS: Among 84 participants (mean age, 60...

CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Central visual field (VF) testing often requires focussed high-density test grids. The critical number of test locations for maximising structure-function concordance in the macula is not known. PURPOSE: The aim of this work is to determine the impact of the number of test locations in the central VF on binarized structure-function concordance in glaucoma. METHODS: Humphrey Field Analyser (HFA) 10-2 test grid and Cirrus optical coherence tomography Ganglion Cell Analysis (GCA) results from one eye of 155 glaucoma patients were extracted...

This research delves into the effectiveness of Ginkgolide B (GB), a compound from Ginkgo biloba, in combating cell death caused by glaucoma, with a focus on mitochondrial impairment and the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP). Utilizing models of high intraocular pressure and in vitro glaucoma simulations, the study investigates GB's impact on retinal progenitor cells (RPCs) under oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion (OGD/R) and in a rat glaucoma model. The study methodologies included apoptosis assessment, apoptotic marker analysis via Western blot, and mitochondrial structure and function evaluation...

PURPOSE: To determine whether peripapillary atrophy (PPA) area is an indicator of glaucomatous structural and functional damage and progression. METHODS: In this retrospective longitudinal analysis from ongoing prospective study we qualified 71 eyes (50 subjects) with glaucoma. All subjects had a comprehensive ophthalmic examination, visual field (VF), and spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (OCT) testing in at least three visits. PPA was manually delineated on en face OCT optic nerve head scans, while observing the corresponding cross-sectional images, as the hyper-reflective area contiguous with the optic disc...

Glaucoma, a major cause of blindness, is characterized by elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) due to improper drainage of aqueous humor via the trabecular meshwork (TM) outflow pathway. Our recent work identified that loss of clusterin resulted in elevated IOP. This study delves deeper to elucidate the role of clusterin in IOP regulation. Employing an ex vivo human anterior segment perfusion model, we established that constitutive expression and secretion as well as exogenous addition of clusterin can significantly lower IOP...

PURPOSE: To assess reading performance in patients with mild to moderate primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG), and to determine the relationship between reading ability and visual field (VF), microperimetry, and optical coherence tomography (OCT) parameters. METHODS: Reading performance of 30 POAG patients examined by the Minnesota Reading Acuity Chart (MNREAD) was compared to that of 21 age-matched controls collected from Ankara University in Turkey. Humphrey Field Analyzer (HFA) 24-2 SITA Standard and 10-2 patterns, and microperimetry were used for VF measurements...

BACKGROUND: Retinal ganglion cell (RGC) degeneration and death cause vision loss in patients with glaucoma. Regulated cell death, once initiated, is generally considered to be an irreversible process. Recently, we showed that, by timely removing the cell death stimulus, stressed neuronal PC12 cells can recover from phosphatidylserine (PS) exposure, nuclear shrinkage, DNA damage, mitochondrial fragmentation, mitochondrial membrane potential loss, and retraction of neurites, all hallmarks of an activated cell death program...

INTRODUCTION: Primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) is a leading cause of blindness globally. Characterized by progressive retinal ganglion cell degeneration, the precise pathogenesis remains unknown. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have uncovered many genetic variants associated with elevated intraocular pressure (IOP), one of the key risk factors for POAG. We aimed to identify genetic and morphological variation that can be attributed to trabecular meshwork cell (TMC) dysfunction and raised IOP in POAG...

Glaucoma causes progressive visual field deterioration and is the leading cause of blindness worldwide. Glaucomatous damage is irreversible and greatly impacts quality of life. Therefore, it is critically important to detect glaucoma early and closely monitor progression to preserve functional vision. Glaucoma is routinely monitored in the clinical setting using optical coherence tomography (OCT) for derived measures such as the thickness of important visual structures. There is not a consensus of what measures represent the most relevant biomarkers of glaucoma progression...

OBJECTIVE: To explore different performances in the magnocellular (MC) and parvocellular (PC) visual pathways in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) and to objectively assess impairment in early stage of POAG. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: This is a cross-sectional study. MC and PC visual pathways were assessed using isolated-check visual evoked potential (ic-VEP). Visual acuity, intraocular pressure, fundus examination, optical coherence tomography and visual field were measured...

PURPOSE: This study investigated the global and regional correlations between longitudinal structure-function (S-F) and vasculature-function (V-F) data using circumpapillary retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (cpRNFLT) measurements from optical coherence tomography (OCT), circumpapillary vessel density (cpVD) from OCT angiography (OCTA), and the corresponding visual field mean sensitivities at different glaucoma stages. METHODS: A total of 107 eyes from 107 glaucoma patients with progressive visual field (VF) changes followed up for an average of 3...

AIM: To investigate vascular changes in different stages of glaucoma and to evaluate the role of optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) in the early diagnosis of glaucoma. METHODS: Glaucoma patients and healthy controls ( n =29 eyes) were investigated in this cross-sectional comparative study. Glaucoma patients were grouped as ocular hypertension ( n =44 eyes), preperimetric glaucoma (PPG; n =32 eyes), early glaucoma (EG; n =35 eyes), moderate stage glaucoma (MG; n =36 eyes), and advanced glaucoma (AG; n =35 eyes)...

SIGNIFICANCE: The assessment of biomarkers in the eye is rapidly gaining traction for the screening, diagnosis, and monitoring of ocular and neurological diseases. Targeted ocular spectroscopy is a technology that enables concurrent imaging of the eye fundus and analysis of high-quality spectra from a targeted region within the imaged area. This provides structural, compositional, and functional information of specific regions of the eye fundus from a non-invasive approach to ocular biomarker detection...

PURPOSE: This study aimed to assess the difference in the vascular parameters of perfusion in the optic nerve head (ONH) in normal tension glaucoma (NTG) across disease stages using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) and its correlation with peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness. METHODS: In this retrospective study, 83 eyes with varying stages of NTG (25 mild, 31 moderate, and 27 severe) and 90 healthy eyes were enrolled. The perfusion density (PD) and flux index (FI) of the ONH divided into four sectors were determined...

PURPOSE: To evaluate the relationship between visual function and macular ganglion cell complex (GCC) thickness measured by Fourier-domain optical coherence tomography (OCT) and evaluate the diagnostic value of GCC measurement compared to retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness and macular thickness in detecting early, moderate, and severe glaucomas. METHODS: Subjects underwent standard automated perimetry (SAP), OCT imaging with optic nerve head mode and GCC mode...

OBJECTIVES: describing the clinical features of twelve Egyptian patients with Papillon-Lefever syndrome (PLS). Five novel mutations in the cathepsin C (CTSC) gene are introduced and the phenotype of the syndrome is expanded by the identification of new clinical features. DESIGN: the clinical, oro-dental data of twelve Egyptian patients from seven unrelated families are described. Sequence analysis of the CTSC gene was performed to identify the causative mutaions...

PRECIS: Using a large dataset, we showed structural and functional differences between primary angle closure glaucoma and primary open angle glaucoma. Primary angle closure glaucoma has relative structural preservation and worse functional loss inferiorly. PURPOSE: To identify structural and functional differences in primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG) and primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG). PATIENTS AND METHODS: In this large cross-sectional study, differences in structural and functional damage were assessed among POAG and PACG patients with optical coherence tomography and reliable visual field testing...