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JOURNAL ARTICLE
John C McLachlan, Marina Sawdon, Gabrielle Finn, Karen Fleming
This article is based on the Association for the Study of Medical Education Gold Medal Plenary for 2022, given by the first author. It outlines different ways in which medical training can be approached, based on his career and his work with colleagues. Among the attributes that it would be desirable to promote in future doctors are conscientiousness, competence and care for patients as individuals. This article explores each of these in separate sections. The first demonstrates that the trait of conscientiousness can be observed in first and second year medical students by their compliance in routine low level tasks such as attendance and submission of required work on time...
June 2, 2023: British Journal of Hospital Medicine
#22
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Makoto Hayashi
Toxicity assays, including genotoxicity assays, are important components of human safety assessments. The interpretation of the results of such assays depends on several factors, including validation of test performance, statistical analysis of the results, and, most importantly, scientific judgment concerning the relevance of the findings to human health risk under anticipated exposure conditions. Ideally, decisions should be made on the basis of studies that allow consideration of the exposure-response relationship of any observed genotoxic outcome and an estimate of the risks associated with expected human exposures...
2023: Mutation Research. Genetic Toxicology and Environmental Mutagenesis
#23
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Richard J Pinder, Fran Bury, Ganesh Sathyamoorthy, Azeem Majeed, Mala Rao
OBJECTIVES: To determine how current psychometric testing approaches used in selection of postgraduate training in UK Public Health are associated with socioeconomic and sociocultural background of applicants (including ethnicity). DESIGN: Observational study using contemporaneous data collected during recruitment and psychometric test scores. SETTING: Assessment centre of UK national Public Health recruitment for postgraduate Public Health training...
March 9, 2023: BMJ Open
#24
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Gurvinder S Sahota, Victoria Fisher, Bakula Patel, Kiranjit JuJ, Jaspal S Taggar
INTRODUCTION: Situational judgement tests (SJTs) are a recognised assessment method for admission into medical school, selection into postgraduate training programs, and postgraduate competency assessment. More recently, however, SJTs have been used during undergraduate medical training (UMT). This systematic review identifies, describes, and appraises the evidence for SJTs in UMT to determine educational associations and outcomes. METHODS: MEDLINE, EMBASE, ERIC, PsycINFO, SCOPUS, Web of Science, and grey literature were searched for original research studies evaluating SJTs implemented within UMT to 1 November 2022...
January 28, 2023: Medical Teacher
#25
JOURNAL ARTICLE
A Peter Eveland, Sabrina R Wilhelm, Stephanie Wong, Lissett G Prado, Sanford H Barsky
BACKGROUND: Allopathic medicine faces a daunting challenge of selecting the best applicants because of the very high applicant / matriculant ratio. The quality of graduates ultimately reflects the quality of medical practice. Alarming recent trends in physician burnout, misconduct and suicide raise questions of whether we are selecting the right candidates. The United States (US) lags far behind the United Kingdom (UK) and Europe in the study of non-cognitive tests in medical school admissions...
December 23, 2022: BMC Medical Education
#26
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Amir H Sam, Chee Yeen Fung, Malcolm Reed, Elizabeth Hughes, Karim Meeran
Successful completion of year 1 of the UK Foundation Programme is a General Medical Council requirement that newly qualified doctors must achieve in order to gain full registration for licence to practise in the UK. We present compelling evidence that both sections of the UK Foundation Programme allocation process, consisting of the Educational Performance Measure and Situational Judgement Test scores, are not fit for purpose. The ranking process drives competitive behaviours among medical students and undermines NHS teamworking values...
November 2022: Clinical Medicine: Journal of the Royal College of Physicians of London
#27
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Sidney W A Dekker, Mark D Layson, David D Woods
Following other contributions about the MAX accidents to this journal, this paper explores the role of betrayal and moral injury in safety engineering related to the U.S. federal regulator's role in approving the Boeing 737MAX-a plane involved in two crashes that together killed 346 people. It discusses the tension between humility and hubris when engineers are faced with complex systems that create ambiguity, uncertain judgements, and equivocal test results from unstructured situations. It considers the relationship between moral injury, principled outrage and rebuke when the technology ends up involved in disasters...
November 14, 2022: Science and Engineering Ethics
#28
Debabrata Chakraborty, Sanjay Bhaumik, Sushil Agarwal, Sagar Sen, Saptarshi Majumder
We often face situations when the exact etiological diagnosis of meningitis is difficult. The reason behind this is that many pathogens have similar clinical, radiological, and laboratory pictures. The low yield of the pathogen in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), non-availability of detail tests in all corners of the world, delay in availability of reliable results (like cultures), and difficulty in performing confirmatory tests like brain biopsy (in inconclusive cases) make the job of a clinician challenging. We report here a case where a late diagnosis of a disease owing to inconclusive results leads to dissemination...
August 2022: Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care
#29
JOURNAL ARTICLE
David Ardagh
Moral people (i) have good goals in acting in a challenging situation; and (ii) use their rightly disposed intellectual and voluntary capacities (virtues) and resources to choose a good action in that situation. This requires (iii) sound ethical deliberation and decision-procedures for realising practically the abstract values and principles relevant in the concrete situation. After deliberation about sub-goals and means, they (iv) choose to execute the best particular action plan. They will have canvassed possible outcomes of the intended act, which, when executed, will have a particular result and (v) consequent outcomes for themselves, and for others; and (vi) it will show respect for the wellbeing of the community or wider society, represented by the state, and reflected in state law...
August 15, 2022: Philosophy of management
#30
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Tanja Graupe, Patrick Giemsa, Katharina Schaefer, Martin R Fischer, Jan-Willem Strijbos, Claudia Kiessling
OBJECTIVES: Investigate whether medical students' emotive abilities, attitudes, and cognitive empathic professional abilities predict empathic behavior in an Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE). METHODS: Linear and multiple regressions were used to test concurrent validity between Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI), Jefferson Scale of Physician Empathy (JSPE-S), Situational Judgement Test (SJT-expert-based score (SJT-ES), SJT-theory-based score (SJT-TS)) and empathic behavior in an OSCE measured by Berlin Global Rating (BGR) and Verona Coding Definitions for Emotion Sequences (VR-CoDES)...
October 2022: Patient Education and Counseling
#31
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Leonie Macht, Dieter Worlitzsch, Naime Braijoshri, Petrit Bequiri, Jacqueline Zudock, Max Zilezinski, Dietrich Stoevesandt, Jamie Smith, Sebastian Hofstetter
Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic caught the health care systems of all countries unprepared. For the further education of healthcare personnel in the Republic of Kosovo, it became necessary to implement a concept for practical training in hygienic working. A video-conference-based educational concept to bridge the physical distance between Germany and Kosovo enabled the rapid, theoretical and practical transfer of knowledge. Methods: Current evidence on COVID-19 and Standard Operation Procedures (SOP) were researched...
2022: GMS Hygiene and Infection Control
#32
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Suzanne Heaney, Mark Tomlinson, Áine Aventin
BACKGROUND: Improved technology and advances in clinical testing have resulted in increased detection rates of congenital anomalies during pregnancy, resulting in more parents being confronted with the possibility of terminating a pregnancy for this reason. There is a large body of research on the psychological experience and impact of terminating a pregnancy for fetal anomaly. However, there remains a lack of evidence on the holistic healthcare experience of parents in this situation...
May 26, 2022: BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
#33
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Sanny Mulubale, Sue Clay, Corinne Squire, Virginia Bond, Kasoka Kasoka, Lucy Stackpool-Moore, Tessa Oraro-Lawrence, Mutale Chonta, Chipo Chiiya
The study focused on the representations, processes and effects of HIV stigma for healthcare workers living with HIV within health facilities in Zambia. A descriptive study design was deployed. A total of 56 health workers and four service user participants responded to a structured questionnaire (n = 50) or took part in key informant interviews (n = 10) in five high HIV-prevalence provinces. Most participants did not disclose if they were living with HIV, except for four participants who responded to the questionnaire and were selected for being open about living with HIV...
January 2022: Journal of the International Association of Providers of AIDS Care
#34
JOURNAL ARTICLE
M G Anderson, A M Campbell, D D Kuhn, S A Smith, L Jacobs
Environmental condition, such as environmental complexity or stocking density, can directly or indirectly influence animal emotion and ultimately, affective state. Affective states of animals can be assessed through judgement bias tests, evaluating responses to ambiguous situations. In this study, we aimed to determine whether environmental complexity and stocking density impacted rainbow trout affective state. Rainbow trout (n = 108) were housed in recirculating aquaculture systems under commercial conditions while trained at tank-level to discriminate between a positively reinforced chamber (feed) in one location and a negative chamber (positive punishment; chase by net for 1 s) in the opposing location...
April 16, 2022: Animal Cognition
#35
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Bence Bago, Marton Kovacs, John Protzko, Tamas Nagy, Zoltan Kekecs, Bence Palfi, Matus Adamkovic, Sylwia Adamus, Sumaya Albalooshi, Nihan Albayrak-Aydemir, Ilham N Alfian, Sinan Alper, Sara Alvarez-Solas, Sara G Alves, Santiago Amaya, Pia K Andresen, Gulnaz Anjum, Daniel Ansari, Patrícia Arriaga, John Jamir Benzon R Aruta, Alexios Arvanitis, Peter Babincak, Krystian Barzykowski, Bana Bashour, Ernest Baskin, Luisa Batalha, Carlota Batres, Jozef Bavolar, Fatih Bayrak, Benjamin Becker, Maja Becker, Anabel Belaus, Michał Białek, Ennio Bilancini, Daniel Boller, Leonardo Boncinelli, Jordane Boudesseul, Benjamin T Brown, Erin M Buchanan, Muhammad M Butt, Dustin P Calvillo, Nate C Carnes, Jared B Celniker, Christopher R Chartier, William J Chopik, Poom Chotikavan, Hu Chuan-Peng, Rockwell F Clancy, Ogeday Çoker, Rita C Correia, Vera Cubela Adoric, Carmelo P Cubillas, Stefan Czoschke, Yalda Daryani, Job A M de Grefte, Wieteke C de Vries, Elif G Demirag Burak, Carina Dias, Barnaby J W Dixson, Xinkai Du, Francesca Dumančić, Andrei Dumbravă, Natalia B Dutra, Janina Enachescu, Celia Esteban-Serna, Luis Eudave, Thomas R Evans, Gilad Feldman, Fatima M Felisberti, Susann Fiedler, Andrej Findor, Alexandra Fleischmann, Francesco Foroni, Radka Francová, Darius-Aurel Frank, Cynthia H Y Fu, Shan Gao, Omid Ghasemi, Ali-Reza Ghazi-Noori, Maliki E Ghossainy, Isabella Giammusso, Tripat Gill, Biljana Gjoneska, Mario Gollwitzer, Aurélien Graton, Maurice Grinberg, Agata Groyecka-Bernard, Elizabeth A Harris, Andree Hartanto, Widad A N M Hassan, Javad Hatami, Katrina R Heimark, Jasper J J Hidding, Evgeniya Hristova, Matej Hruška, Charlotte A Hudson, Richard Huskey, Ayumi Ikeda, Yoel Inbar, Gordon P D Ingram, Ozan Isler, Chris Isloi, Aishwarya Iyer, Bastian Jaeger, Steve M J Janssen, William Jiménez-Leal, Biljana Jokić, Pavol Kačmár, Veselina Kadreva, Gwenaël Kaminski, Farzan Karimi-Malekabadi, Arno T A Kasper, Keith M Kendrick, Bradley J Kennedy, Halil E Kocalar, Rabia I Kodapanakkal, Marta Kowal, Elliott Kruse, Lenka Kučerová, Anton Kühberger, Anna O Kuzminska, Fanny Lalot, Claus Lamm, Joris Lammers, Elke B Lange, Anthony Lantian, Ivy Y-M Lau, Ljiljana B Lazarevic, Marijke C Leliveld, Jennifer N Lenz, Carmel A Levitan, Savannah C Lewis, Manyu Li, Yansong Li, Haozheng Li, Tiago J S Lima, Samuel Lins, Marco Tullio Liuzza, Paula Lopes, Jackson G Lu, Trent Lynds, Martin Máčel, Sean P Mackinnon, Madhavilatha Maganti, Zoe Magraw-Mickelson, Leon F Magson, Harry Manley, Gabriela M Marcu, Darja Masli Seršić, Celine-Justine Matibag, Alan D A Mattiassi, Mahdi Mazidi, Joseph P McFall, Neil McLatchie, Michael C Mensink, Lena Miketta, Taciano L Milfont, Alberto Mirisola, Michal Misiak, Panagiotis Mitkidis, Mehrad Moeini-Jazani, Arash Monajem, David Moreau, Erica D Musser, Erita Narhetali, Danielle P Ochoa, Jerome Olsen, Nicholas C Owsley, Asil A Özdoğru, Miriam Panning, Marietta Papadatou-Pastou, Neha Parashar, Philip Pärnamets, Mariola Paruzel-Czachura, Michal Parzuchowski, Julia V Paterlini, Jeffrey M Pavlacic, Mehmet Peker, Kim Peters, Liudmila Piatnitckaia, Isabel Pinto, Monica Renee Policarpio, Nada Pop-Jordanova, Annas J Pratama, Maximilian A Primbs, Ekaterina Pronizius, Danka Purić, Elisa Puvia, Vahid Qamari, Kun Qian, Alain Quiamzade, Beáta Ráczová, Diego A Reinero, Ulf-Dietrich Reips, Cecilia Reyna, Kimberly Reynolds, Matheus F F Ribeiro, Jan P Röer, Robert M Ross, Petros Roussos, Fernando Ruiz-Dodobara, Susana Ruiz-Fernandez, Bastiaan T Rutjens, Katarzyna Rybus, Adil Samekin, Anabela C Santos, Nicolas Say, Christoph Schild, Kathleen Schmidt, Karolina A Ścigała, MohammadHasan Sharifian, Jiaxin Shi, Yaoxi Shi, Erin Sievers, Miroslav Sirota, Michael Slipenkyj, Çağlar Solak, Agnieszka Sorokowska, Piotr Sorokowski, Sinem Söylemez, Niklas K Steffens, Ian D Stephen, Anni Sternisko, Laura Stevens-Wilson, Suzanne L K Stewart, Stefan Stieger, Daniel Storage, Justine Strube, Kyle J Susa, Raluca D Szekely-Copîndean, Natalia M Szostak, Bagus Takwin, Srinivasan Tatachari, Andrew G Thomas, Kevin E Tiede, Lucas E Tiong, Mirjana Tonković, Bastien Trémolière, Lauren V Tunstead, Belgüzar N Türkan, Mathias Twardawski, Miguel A Vadillo, Zahir Vally, Leigh Ann Vaughn, Bruno Verschuere, Denis Vlašiček, Martin Voracek, Marek A Vranka, Shuzhen Wang, Skye-Loren West, Stephen Whyte, Leigh S Wilton, Anna Wlodarczyk, Xue Wu, Fei Xin, Su Yadanar, Hiroshi Yama, Yuki Yamada, Onurcan Yilmaz, Sangsuk Yoon, Danielle M Young, Ilya Zakharov, Rizqy A Zein, Ingo Zettler, Iris L Žeželj, Don C Zhang, Jin Zhang, Xiaoxiao Zheng, Rink Hoekstra, Balazs Aczel
The study of moral judgements often centres on moral dilemmas in which options consistent with deontological perspectives (that is, emphasizing rules, individual rights and duties) are in conflict with options consistent with utilitarian judgements (that is, following the greater good based on consequences). Greene et al. (2009) showed that psychological and situational factors (for example, the intent of the agent or the presence of physical contact between the agent and the victim) can play an important role in moral dilemma judgements (for example, the trolley problem)...
April 14, 2022: Nature Human Behaviour
#36
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Bradley Chi, Christine Krull, Unoma Akamagwuna, Donna Huang
Traditional residency recruitment practices are vulnerable to unconscious biases, inequity, lack of diversity, and have limited ability to predict future clinical competency. Holistic review and evidence-based strategies, such as structured interviews and situational judgment tests, can mitigate these limitations. A physical medicine and rehabilitation residency program restructured its residency recruitment process using holistic review principles and evidence-based strategies during the 2020-2021 academic year...
September 1, 2022: American Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation
#37
REVIEW
Hares Patel, Ram Yakkanti, Krishna Bellam, Kofi Agyeman, Amiethab Aiyer
INTRODUCTION: The announcement of Step 1 shifting to a Pass/Fail metric has prompted resident selection committees (RSCs) to pursue objective methods of evaluating prospective residents. Regardless of the program's specialty or affiliated hospital/school, RSCs universally aim to recognize and choose applicants who are an "optimal fit" to their programs.1 An optimal fit can be defined as a candidate who thrives in the clinical and academic setting, both contributing to and benefiting from their respective training environments...
2022: Journal of Medical Education and Curricular Development
#38
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Michael J Murphy, Jon S Dowell, Daniel T Smith
OBJECTIVES: To examine factors associated with declaration of disability by medical students and doctors, and the association of declared disability with academic performance. DESIGN: Observational study using record-linked data collected between 2002 and 2018. SETTING: UK Medical Education Database is a repository of data relating to training of medical students and doctors. Disability and other data are record-linked. PARTICIPANTS: All students starting at a UK medical school between 2002 and 2018 (n=135 930)...
March 31, 2022: BMJ Open
#39
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Veerle E I Huyghe, Arpine Hovasapian, Johnny R J Fontaine
The internal structure of ability emotional intelligence (EI) tests at item level has been hardly studied, and if studied often the predicted structure did not show. In the present study, an a priori model for responses to EI ability items using Likert response scales with a Situational Judgement Test (SJT) format is investigated with confirmatory factor analysis. The model consists of (1) a target EI ability factor, (2) an acquiescence factor, which is a method factor induced by the Likert response scales, and (3) design-based error covariances, which are induced by the SJT format...
2022: Frontiers in Psychology
#40
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Lina Heier, Nikoloz Gambashidze, Judith Hammerschmidt, Donia Riouchi, Franziska Geiser, Nicole Ernstmann
AIM: To measure safety performance, situational judgement test, which is a method composed of job-related situations, can be used. This study aimed to develop and test its psychometric properties by measuring the safety performance of healthcare professionals in German hospitals. DESIGN: An explorative cross-sectional study. METHODS: A team of researchers, nurses and physicians developed seven items, which focus on different safety areas. Descriptive statistics were calculated for each item...
November 1, 2021: Nursing Open
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