Oncologic

Continuing education in hematology is a key for stimulating the development around the world and improving patient outcomes. However, access to training and education is not equally distributed worldwide, and disparities in hematology exist for under-represented groups such as trainees living in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). To identify and review the different educational and career development opportunities offered by hematology-focused international academic societies directed at healthcare professionals in this field...

PURPOSE: There is lack of comprehensive analysis evaluating the impact of clinical, molecular, imaging, and surgical data on survival of patients with gliomatosis cerebri (GC). This study aimed to investigate prognostic factors of GC in adult-type diffuse glioma patients. METHODS: Retrospective chart and imaging review was performed in 99 GC patients from adult-type diffuse glioma (among 1,211 patients; 6 oligodendroglioma, 16 IDH-mutant astrocytoma, and 77 IDH-wildtype glioblastoma) from a single institution between 2005 and 2021...

BACKGROUND: Lung cancer is a serious threat to human health and is the first leading cause of cancer death. Ferroptosis, a newly discovered form of programmed cell death associated with redox homeostasis, is of particular interest in the lung cancer, given the high oxygen environment of lung cancer. NADPH has reducing properties and therefore holds the potential to resist ferroptosis. Resistance to ferroptosis exists in lung cancer, but the role of NADK in regulating ferroptosis in lung cancer has not been reported yet...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Pain management in patients with cancer is a critical issue in oncology palliative care as clinicians aim to enhance quality of life and mitigate suffering. Most patients with cancer experience cancer-related pain, and 30%-40% of patients experience intractable pain despite maximal medical therapy. Intrathecal pain pumps (ITPs) have emerged as an option for achieving pain control in patients with cancer. Owing to the potential benefits of ITPs, we sought to study the long-term outcomes of this form of pain management at a cancer center...

OBJECTIVE: Leverage electronic health record (EHR) audit logs to develop a machine learning (ML) model that predicts which notes a clinician wants to review when seeing oncology patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We trained logistic regression models using note metadata and a Term Frequency Inverse Document Frequency (TF-IDF) text representation. We evaluated performance with precision, recall, F1, AUC, and a clinical qualitative assessment. RESULTS: The metadata only model achieved an AUC 0...

Lung cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors in humans and the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. The microRNA-34 (miR-34) family is dysregulated in various human cancers and is an important family of tumor suppressor genes among microRNAs. The miR-34 family is downregulated in lung cancer. It inhibits cell proliferation, metastasis, and invasion, arrests the cell cycle, and induces apoptosis or senescence by negatively regulating many oncogenes. It is commonly used to detect and treat lung cancer...

Nutritional status disorders have the most significant impact on the development of cardiovascular and oncologic diseases; therefore, the interest in the study of palm oil as among the leading components of nutrition has been increasing. The data examined in this review were sourced from the Scopus, SCIE (Web of Science), PubMed and PubMed Central, MEDLINE, CAPlus/SciFinder, and Embase databases; experts in the field; bibliographies; and abstracts from review analyses from the past 15 years. This review summarizes recent research data focusing on the quantitative and qualitative composition of nutrition of modern humans; concepts of the relationship between high-fat diets and disorders of insulin functioning and transport and metabolism of fatty acids; analyses of data regarding the palmitic acid (16:0) to oleic acid (18:1) ratio; and the effect of diet based on palm oil consumption on cardiovascular risk factors and lipid and lipoprotein levels...

INTRODUCTION: The main mission of the Australian and New Zealand Children's Haematology and Oncology Group (ANZCHOG) is to develop and facilitate local access to the world's leading evidence-based clinical trials for all paediatric cancers, including brain tumours, as soon as practically possible. Diffuse intrinsic pontine gliomas (DIPGs) - a subset of a larger group of tumours now termed diffuse midline glioma, H3K27-altered (DMG) - are paediatric brain cancers with less than 10% survival at two years...

PURPOSE: We investigated whether pulmonary metastases from historically considered radioresistant primaries would have inferior local control after radiation therapy than those from nonradioresistant nonlung primaries, and whether higher biologically effective dose assuming alpha/beta=10 (BED10) would be associated with superior local control. METHODS AND MATERIALS: We identified patients treated with radiation therapy for oligometastatic or oligoprogressive pulmonary disease to 1 to 5 lung metastases from nonlung primaries in 2013 to 2020 at a single health care system...

PURPOSE: Standardization of x-ray cabinet irradiator dose, geometry, and calibration reporting is an ongoing process. Multi-tube designs have been introduced into the preclinical market and give a theoretical benefit but have not been widely assessed for use in preclinical irradiation conditions. The aim of this study was to report our experience commissioning a dual x-ray source cabinet irradiator (CIXD, Xstrahl Limited, United Kingdom) and assess the dose distribution for various experimental conditions...

Tumor resectability, which is increasingly determined based on preoperative chemotherapy, is critical in determining the best treatment for pancreatic cancers. The present study evaluated the usefulness of serum carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9) and the preoperative 8F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography standardized uptake value (SUV) percentage change (SUVmax%=[(SUVmax2-SUVmax1)/SUVmax1] ×100, where SUVmax1 and SUVmax2 represent the initial and delayed phases, respectively) as biological factors indicative of tumor resectability...

Breast cancer (BC) is the most common type of cancer found in women. ADP-ribosylation factors (ARFs) are a group of small proteins that bind to GTP and are involved in controlling different cellular functions. The function and evolution of multiple ARFs in BC have remained to be fully elucidated, despite existing studies on this protein family in Homo sapiens and other species. In the present study, a systematic analysis of ARF expression levels in BC tissues compared to normal breast tissues was performed using data from The Cancer Genome Atlas database...

Nuclear receptor coactivator 7 (NCOA7) is an estrogen receptor binding protein. Its role in breast cancer progression has so far remained elusive. The present study aimed to determine the expression levels of NCOA7 in breast tumor samples and confirmed its potential utility as a breast cancer prognostic biomarker. The expression of NCOA7 was detected by immunohistochemical staining in 241 breast cancer tumor samples and 163 adjacent normal tissue samples. The association of NCOA7 expression with the clinicopathological characteristics and overall survival were statistically analyzed...

Breast cancer (BRCA) is a leading cause of death in women worldwide, accounting for 31% of female cancer. Autophagy plays a crucial role in cancer progression, however, the function of autophagy-related gene neuroregulatory protein 2 (NRG2) in BRCA and its underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. In the present study, the expression of the NRG2 gene in BRCA was significantly down-regulated compared with the normal controls. The low expression level of NRG2 was related to poor survival rate of BRCA. The receiver operating characteristic curve of NRG2 showed a good diagnostic value for distinguishing BRCA from normal tissues (AUC=0...

The management of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), specifically targeting the anaplastic lymphoma kinase ( ALK ) with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), is challenged by the emergence of therapeutic resistance. Resistance mechanisms to ALK TKIs can be broadly classified into ALK-dependent and ALK-independent pathways. Here, we present a case with lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) harboring an ALK rearrangement. The patient had developed resistance to sequential ALK TKI therapies, with an acquired ETV6-NTRK3 (E4:N14) fusion as a potential mechanism of ALK -independent resistance to lorlatinib...

AIM: To investigate whether age at first sexual intercourse could lead to any changes in the risk of oral cavity cancer. METHODS: A two-sample mendelian randomization was conducted using genetic variants associated with age at first sexual intercourse in UK biobank as instrumental variables. Summary data of Northern American from a previous genome-wide association study aimed at oral cavity cancer was served as outcome. Three analytical methods: inverse variance-weighted, mendelian randomization Egger, and weighted median were used to perform the analysis, among which inverse variance-weighted was set as the primary method...

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) poses a significant clinical challenge due to its propensity for metastasis and poor prognosis. TNBC evades the body's immune system recognition and attack through various mechanisms, including the Janus Kinase 2 (JAK2)/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) signaling pathway. This pathway, characterized by heightened activity in numerous solid tumors, exhibits pronounced activation in specific TNBC subtypes. Consequently, targeting the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway emerges as a promising and precise therapeutic strategy for TNBC...

BACKGROUND: The current treatment strategy for metastatic Hormone-Sensitive Prostate Cancer (mHSPC) is the combination of Androgen Receptor Signaling Inhibitors (ARSIs) medicines with androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). However, there is a lack of real-world data comparing the efficacy of different ARSI pharmaceuticals. Therefore, the objective of this study was to compare the effectiveness and safety of bicalutamide, abiraterone, enzalutamide, and apalutamide in combination with ADT for patients with mHSPC...

BACKGROUND: Front-line therapy with an EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) is the standard of care for treating patients with advanced nonsquamous NSCLC with the common sensitizing EGFR exon 19 deletion and exon 21 L858R point mutations. However, EGFR TKI resistance inevitably develops. The optimal subsequent therapy remains to be identified, although platinum-containing chemotherapy regimens are often administered. Our objectives were to describe baseline characteristics, survival, and subsequent treatment patterns for patients with advanced nonsquamous NSCLC with EGFR exon 19 deletion or L858R mutation who received a platinum-based combination regimen after front-line EGFR TKI therapy...

OBJECTIVE: Studies of the association between clean energy consumption, sleep duration, and cancer are still extremely limited. We aim to investigate the individual or joint role of clean energy consumption, and sleep duration in cancer onset. METHODS: We used data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study. Multivariable locally weighted regression (LOESS) models were first used to assess the individual association of daily sleep time with the risk to develop cancer...