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https://read.qxmd.com/read/38532752/secondary-syphilis-presenting-with-non-arteritic-anterior-ischemic-optic-neuropathy-naion
#1
Fares A AlKhayal, Moath K Albusair
Syphilis is a sexually transmitted disease caused by the spirochete bacterium Treponema pallidum. Syphilis is a significant public health issue, notably in (HIV) positive patients. Due to the absence of pathognomonic signs in secondary syphilis and its ability to present and mimic a wide variety of clinical findings, it gained the name "the Great imitator '(mimicker).' Herein, we describe a case of a 51-year-old man who presented with acute painless loss of vision of the right eye preceded by a few erythematous plaques with thick scales over bilateral legs and multiple discrete and confluent scaly papules over the palms and soles...
March 2024: Oxford Medical Case Reports
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37676746/nodal-paranodal-antibodies-in-hiv-immune-mediated-radiculo-neuropathies-clinical-phenotypes-and-relevance
#2
Moodley K, Patel Vb, A A Moodley, Bill Pla, Kajee A, Mgbachi V, Fehmi J, Rinaldi S
BACKGROUND: The frequency of nodal-paranodal antibodies in HIV-infected patients with chronic immune mediated radiculo-neuropathies (IMRN) has not been previously described. METHODS: HIV-infected patients who met the inclusion criteria for chronic IMRN were screened for IgG antibodies directed against nodal (neurofascin (NF)186) and paranodal (NF155, contactin-1 (CNTN1) and contactin-associated protein, Caspr1) cell adhesion molecules, using a live, cell-based assay...
September 7, 2023: Journal of the Peripheral Nervous System: JPNS
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37108284/revealing-the-meissner-corpuscles-in-human-glabrous-skin-using-in-vivo-non-invasive-imaging-techniques
#3
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Victor Hugo Pacagnelli Infante, Roland Bennewitz, Anna Lena Klein, Martina C Meinke
The presence of mechanoreceptors in glabrous skin allows humans to discriminate textures by touch. The amount and distribution of these receptors defines our tactile sensitivity and can be affected by diseases such as diabetes, HIV-related pathologies, and hereditary neuropathies. The quantification of mechanoreceptors as clinical markers by biopsy is an invasive method of diagnosis. We report the localization and quantification of Meissner corpuscles in glabrous skin using in vivo, non-invasive optical microscopy techniques...
April 12, 2023: International Journal of Molecular Sciences
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36348841/severe-paradoxical-manifestations-in-an-immunocompetent-young-female-with-tuberculous-meningitis
#4
Sangeeta Gupta, Upasna Sinha, Amit Raj
A paradoxical reaction, in patients with tuberculous meningitis, is described as either worsening of pre-existing tuberculous lesions or the appearance of new tuberculous lesions after initial improvement with anti-tuberculosis treatment. The condition is often difficult to predict. When severe, it may also result in considerable neurological morbidity and even death. We aim to report such a rare case of severe paradoxical response in a young female with tuberculous meningitis. An 18-year-old female developed severe headache, vomiting, altered sensorium, decreased vision, and paraparesis...
October 2022: Curēus
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36255081/ocular-findings-of-cryptococcal-meningitis-in-previously-health-adults
#5
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Chinwenwa U Okeagu, Seher H Anjum, Susan Vitale, Jing Wang, Deven Singh, Lindsey B Rosen, M Teresa Magone, Edmond J Fitzgibbon, Peter R Williamson
BACKGROUND: Patients with cryptococcal meningitis (CM) often have ocular manifestations; although data are describing these findings in nonimmunosuppressed, previously healthy individuals are scarce. METHODS: A retrospective chart review was performed for previously healthy patients with CM who underwent a complete ophthalmological examination within a 5-year period at the National Institutes of Health. Demographics, CSF parameters, findings on initial ophthalmological examination, and MRI abnormalities were analyzed...
October 18, 2022: Journal of Neuro-ophthalmology: the Official Journal of the North American Neuro-Ophthalmology Society
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36190053/clinical-characteristics-in-the-misdiagnosis-of-cytomegalovirus-retinitis-a-retrospective-analysis-of-eight-patients
#6
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Kui-Fang Du, Xiao-Jie Huang, Chao Chen, Wen-Jun Kong, Lian-Yong Xie, Wen-Bin Wei
Purpose: To highlight characteristics in the misdiagnosis of cytomegalovirus retinitis (CMVR). Methods: Misdiagnosed cases related to CMVR were analyzed retrospectively at the Department of Ophthalmology, Beijing Youan Hospital, from July 2017 to October 2019. The medical records were reviewed by two independent senior ophthalmologists and the patients' clinical characteristics were analyzed. Results: Eight patients (16 eyes) were identified with misdiagnoses related to CMVR...
October 2022: Indian Journal of Ophthalmology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36051405/a-case-and-literature-review-of-intraocular-echinococcus-causing-bilateral-visual-loss-in-a-hiv-infected-patient
#7
Kylie Divashnee Konar, Somasundrum Pillay
Although echinococcosis is a common parasitic disease endemic to Africa, ocular echinococcosis is rare. We present a case of intraocular echinococcosis in a HIV-infected patient. A 38-year-old South African HIV-infected woman presented to a district-level hospital in Kwa-Zulu Natal on 10 March 2020. Her main presenting complaint was that of progressive, painless, bilateral visual loss. A B-ultrasonography scan revealed tractional retinal detachment on the right eye, while the left eye had tractional bands with a 'double-walled' cystic cavity causing retinal traction...
2022: SAGE Open Medical Case Reports
https://read.qxmd.com/read/35864917/seropositive-neuromyelitis-optica-in-a-case-of-undiagnosed-ankylosing-spondylitis-a-neuro-rheumatological-conundrum
#8
Ritwik Ghosh Md, Devlina Roy, Moisés León-Ruiz, Shambaditya Das, Souvik Dubey, Julián Benito-León
Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) is an autoimmune astrocytopathy against foot processes of aquaporin-4 (AQP4) water channels. Patients with NMOSD tend to have other coexisting autoimmune/connective tissue diseases. However, AQP-4-antibody-positive NMOSD coexisting with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is rare. AS is an immune-mediated disorder, a subset of axial spondyloarthropathies, which commonly manifests as chronic inflammatory back pain in young people, and it has a strong association with HLA-B27...
2022: Qatar Medical Journal
https://read.qxmd.com/read/35859626/relapsing-remitting-optic-neuropathy-in-an-hiv-infected-patient-secondary-auto-immune-optic-neuropathy-or-infectious-optic-neuropathy-a-case-report-and-review-of-the-literature
#9
Maëlle Coutel, Roxane Flamant, Souraya El Sankari, Leila Belkhir, Thierry Duprez, Antonella Boschi
It can be challenging to disentangle human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-related infectious optic neuropathy and secondary triggered auto-immune disease when an HIV positive patient presents with vision loss. We report a 44-year-old untreated HIV positive Congolese woman who presented with two episodes of vision loss associated with pain in first her left eye and then her right eye and was diagnosed with a relapsing optic neuropathy. A correlation was observed between the clinical activity and cerebrospinal fluid viral load, CD4-count in the blood and magnetic resonance imaging signs of blood - optic nerve barrier breakdown...
2022: Neuro-ophthalmology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/35317507/optic-neuritis-due-to-use-of-elvitegravir-cobicistat-emtricitabine-tenofovir-alafenamide-a-case-report
#10
Türkan Acar, Halil Alper Eryilmaz, Bilgehan Atilgan Acar, Ertuğrul Güçlü, Oğuz Karabay
Neuroophthalmic involvement may occur in people infected with primary human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) due to the infection itself, opportunistic infections, malignancy or due to vascular causes. However, treatment-related optic neuropathy may be considered in patients receiving Antiretroviral therapy (ART), without an identified etiological cause, despite all examinations. In this case report, a near-complete recovery was observed in vision loss of a patient, whose 4-month treatment regimen of elvitegravir/cobicistat/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide (E/C/FTC/TAF) was replaced with a combination of tenofovir disoproxil + emtricitabine and lopinavir+ritonavir due to the development of optic neuritis...
2022: Noro Psikiyatri Arsivi
https://read.qxmd.com/read/32702354/ocular-pathology-in-neuroaids-an-autopsy-study
#11
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Radhika Mhatre, Sunil Govekar, Nandeesh Bn, Latha P Lakshman, Ravikumar Banda, Satishchandra P, Shankar Sk, Mahadevan Anita
The central nervous system (CNS) and the eye are involved in Human immunodeficiency virus related disease. Although, optic nerve is considered an extension of the CNS, it has not been systematically evaluated to determine if infections of brain can extend into the eye or vice versa. The brain and posterior compartment of eyeball retrieved at autopsy of patients succumbing to NeuroAIDS, were evaluated with Hematoxylin & Eosin, special stains and immunohistochemistry for infective pathogens. Multiplex PCR was performed in vitreous, CSF and serum for simultaneous detection of bacterial, viral, and protozoal opportunistic infections...
September 2020: Experimental Eye Research
https://read.qxmd.com/read/32036734/clinical-features-of-ocular-syphilis-a-retrospective-clinical-study-in-an-italian-referral-centre
#12
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Antonietta Moramarco, Fabiana Mallone, Maria Pia Pirraglia, Alice Bruscolini, Rosalia Giustolisi, Maurizio La Cava, Alessandro Lambiase
Purpose : To describe the clinical characteristics and visual prognosis of ocular involvement in syphilis. Design : A retrospective cohort study. Methods : We studied the charts of 24 patients who visited our Ophthalmological Centre in Rome, Italy. All patients with serological evidence of syphilitic infection were included. Results : Ocular involvement was the first manifestation of syphilitic disease in 96% and Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) seropositivity was found in 29% of the cases. The most frequent ocular manifestation was posterior uveitis...
February 8, 2020: Seminars in Ophthalmology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/31100421/linezolid-interruption-in-patients-with-fluoroquinolone-resistant-tuberculosis-receiving-a-bedaquiline-based-treatment-regimen
#13
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Olatunde Olayanju, Aliasgar Esmail, Jason Limberis, Phindile Gina, Keertan Dheda
BACKGROUND: Treatment outcomes of patients with extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (XDR-TB) are suboptimal and treatment options remain limited. Linezolid is associated with improved outcomes but also substantial toxicity, and details about the relationship between these are lacking from resource-poor HIV-endemic settings. METHODS: This was a prospective follow-up study of 63 South African XDR-TB patients (58.7% HIV-infected; median CD4 131 cells/μl) between 2014 and 2018...
August 2019: International Journal of Infectious Diseases: IJID
https://read.qxmd.com/read/30328249/the-great-imitator-on-the-rise-ocular-and-optic-nerve-manifestations-in-patients-with-newly-diagnosed-syphilis
#14
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Ainat Klein, Naomi Fischer, Michaella Goldstein, Shiri Shulman, Zohar Habot-Wilner
PURPOSE: Ocular manifestations of syphilis have been reported in 2-10% of systemic infection. The purpose of this study was to report the incidence of ocular syphilis and various ocular manifestations, particularly optic nerve involvement, in newly diagnosed cases. METHODS: This was a retrospective study. Medical records of newly diagnosed syphilis patients between January 2009 and January 2017 in a tertiary medical centre were reviewed. RESULTS: There were 123 new systemic syphilis cases out of 569,222 (0...
June 2019: Acta Ophthalmologica
https://read.qxmd.com/read/29260044/isolated-presumed-optic-nerve-gumma-a-rare-presentation-of-neurosyphilis
#15
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Nailyn Rasool, James A Stefater, Dean Eliott, Dean M Cestari
Purpose: The incidence of syphilitic infections continues to rise and represents a major public health concern, particularly in patients co-infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The infection has a multitude of clinical presentations and is often referred to as the 'great imitator.' We present a rare case of an isolated presumed syphilitic optic nerve gumma and characterize it using newer imaging modalities. Observations: A 36-year-old HIV-positive man, compliant with treatment, presented with a five day history of decreased vision in the left eye...
June 2017: American Journal of Ophthalmology Case Reports
https://read.qxmd.com/read/29195504/blinded-by-zika-a-missed-hiv-diagnosis-that-resulted-in-optic-neuropathy-and-blindness-a-case-report
#16
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Tiffany Hirschel, Heimo Steffen, Victor Pecoul, Alexandra Calmy
BACKGROUND: Typical symptoms of an acute human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections like fever and rash are not specific and can be caused by a multitude of other pathogens, such as Zika or rickettsiosis. Up to 30% of primary HIV infection do not present with the typical flu-like symptoms and thus represent a diagnostic challenge. In this report, we describe a rare case of optic neuropathy as the initial presentation of primary HIV infection, which resulted in irreversible blindness...
December 1, 2017: BMC Research Notes
https://read.qxmd.com/read/29069031/clinical-manifestations-and-treatment-outcomes-of-syphilitic-uveitis-in-hiv-negative-patients-in-china-a-retrospective-case-study
#17
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Jiang Zhu, Yuan Jiang, Yewen Shi, Bo Zheng, Zhiguo Xu, Wei Jia
Syphilitic chorioretinitis should be included in differential diagnosis of any form of ocular inflammation. A significantly higher proportion of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive patients with ocular syphilis as compared to HIV-negative cases have been reported in published studies. However, the clinical signs and symptoms are more insidious in HIV-negative patients who are easily misdiagnosed. We report a series of cases of ocular syphilis and describe the clinical manifestations and treatment outcomes of syphilitic chorioretinitis in HIV-negative patients in China...
October 2017: Medicine (Baltimore)
https://read.qxmd.com/read/28768983/longitudinally-extensive-transverse-myelitis-and-optic-neuropathy-associated-with-syphilitic-meningomyelitis-and-human-immunodeficiency-virus-infection-a-case-report-and-review-of-the-literature
#18
REVIEW
Rie Tohge, Yuya Shinoto, Makio Takahashi
The incidence of co-infection with Treponema pallidum and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is increasing in developing and developed countries. The neurological complications of both infections occasionally occur simultaneously during a clinical course. We herein report the case of an HIV carrier with syphilitic meningomyelitis and subclinical optic neuropathy. The patient presumably had latent syphilis and slowly developed longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis (LETM). A cerebrospinal fluid examination confirmed the diagnosis of active neurosyphilis based on an elevated T...
2017: Internal Medicine
https://read.qxmd.com/read/27928388/syphilitic-optic-neuropathy-re-emerging-cases-over-a-2-year-period
#19
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Supanut Apinyawasisuk, Anuchit Poonyathalang, Pisit Preechawat, Kavin Vanikieti
We report 7 cases of syphilitic optic neuropathy during a 2-year period. All patients were newly diagnosed with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Six cases (86%) initially presented with swollen optic disc either unilaterally or bilaterally. Blind spot enlargement was the most common type of visual field defect. Final visual acuity of at least 20/25 was achieved together with visual field improvement and resolution of swollen optic disc. Optic nerve involvement can be the first manifestation of syphilis and HIV co-infection...
April 2016: Neuro-ophthalmology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/27611434/linezolid-associated-optic-neuropathy-in-drug-resistant-tuberculosis-patients-in-mumbai-india
#20
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Salil Mehta, Mrinalini Das, Chinmay Laxmeshwar, Sylvie Jonckheere, Sein Sein Thi, Petros Isaakidis
BACKGROUND: Patients on linezolid-containing drug-resistant TB (DR-TB) regimen often develop adverse-events, particularly peripheral and optic neuropathy. Programmatic data and experiences of linezolid-associated optic neuropathy from high DR-TB burden settings are lacking. The study aimed to determine the frequency of and risk-factors associated with linezolid-associated optic neuropathy and document the experiences related to treatment/care of DR-TB patients on linezolid-containing regimens...
2016: PloS One
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