Diabetes children

Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D) is a complex autoimmune disorder characterised by loss of the insulin-producing pancreatic beta cells in genetically predisposed individuals, ultimately resulting in insulin deficiency and hyperglycaemia. T1D is most common among children and young adults, and the incidence is on the rise across the world. The aetiology of T1D is hypothesized to involve genetic and environmental factors that result in the T-cell mediated destruction of pancreatic beta cells. There is a strong genetic risk to T1D; with genome-wide association studies (GWAS) identifying over 60 susceptibility regions within the human genome which are marked by single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs)...

Aims and Objectives: The aim of the study was to estimate and compare aspartate aminotransferases (AST) and alanine aminotransferases (ALT) levels in saliva and serum of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) and normal children, and the objective was to evaluate the significance of these enzymes in assessing the salivary gland injury in IDDM children. Materials and Methods: The study group comprised of thirty children clinically and biochemically diagnosed for IDDM and thirty healthy children of similar age in the control group...

Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis is a bacterial parasite and the causative agent of paratuberculosis, a disease predominately found in cattle and sheep. Infection with this microorganism results in substantial farming economic losses and animal morbidity. The link between infection with this pathogen and human disease has been theorised for many years with Crohn's disease being one of many suspected resultant conditions. Mycobacterium avium may be spread from animal to human hosts by water and foodborne transmission routes, where the foodborne route of exposure represents a significant risk for susceptible populations, namely children and the immune-compromised...

OBJECTIVE: To study the association between maternal diabetes and timing of pubertal development in daughters and sons. DESIGN: Prospective cohort study. SETTING: Not applicable. PATIENT(S): A total of 15,822 mother-child pairs included in the Danish National Birth Cohort and the Puberty Cohort with prospectively collected, register-based and self-reported information on maternal diabetes and self-reported information on pubertal development...

The incidence of total anomalous pulmonary venous connection (TAPVC) in the Caucasian population is 2.5/100,000 live births (LB), and the incidence in the Hispanic population is 19.8/100,000 LB. Without knowing the exact etiology for the development of congenital heart disease, our objective was to determine the maternal factors associated with the development of TAPVC. METHODS: 55 mother-child binomials with isolated TAPVC (group I) and 152 healthy mother-child binomials (group II) were included...

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate individual characteristics of women with fibroids in relation to fibroid size and number. METHODS: This cross-sectional study involved 2302 women (black and white, age range 18-87) with image- or surgery-confirmed fibroids from the Synthetic Derivative, a database of de-identified demographic and clinical information from patient electronic health records (EHRs) from the Vanderbilt University Medical Center. We performed multivariate regression analyses on the following outcomes: volume of largest fibroid, largest dimension of all fibroids, and number of fibroids (single vs multiple)...

OBJECTIVE: We assessed the association between diet quality and microalbuminuria in youth-onset type 1 diabetes using three indices: a modified Mediterranean diet score for children and adolescents (mKIDMED), the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH), and the Healthy Eating Index-2010 (HEI). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Youth and young adults from the SEARCH (Search for Diabetes in Youth) Nutrition Ancillary Study diagnosed with type 1 diabetes in 2002-2008, who had repeated dietary assessments at baseline and follow-up visits and urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR) measured at the outcome visit (2012-2015) ( n = 461), were selected for study...

OBJECTIVE: To study the prevalence and family factors on metabolic syndrome( MS) in children and adolescents for Chongqing City. METHODS: Multi-stage cluster sampling was used to recruit 1309 children and adolescents between 10 and 17 years old for physical examination( height, weight, waist circumference and blood pressure), blood biochemical examination( fasting plasma glucose, triglyceride, total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein cholesterol and low density lipoprotein cholesterol)and questionnaire for family factors( breast feeding, delivery mode, birth weight, education of parents, height and weight of parents, family history of hypertension and diabetes, and so on)...

Background: The Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS) is the institution with the greatest health coverage in Mexico. In adherence to existing and committed to provide specialized services to specific populations (vulnerable age groups, such as children and young people in primary, secondary and higher education, productive and without social security educational training), this gives the renal replacement therapy -peritoneal dialysis and hemodialysis- at no cost to students. Methods: Cross-sectional and retrospective study conducted from 1 to 30 September 2016; Census Patients with Chronical Renal Failure, sociodemographic and type of therapy are identified; direct costs are estimated...

AIM: Families of children and adolescents with Type 1 diabetes experience self-management challenges that negatively impact diabetes control. This study assesses whether self-management challenges are also associated with quality of life (QOL) for children and adolescents with Type 1 diabetes and their parents. METHODS: Children aged 8-12 years (n = 135), adolescents aged 13-16 years (n = 132) and their parents completed QOL assessments (diabetes-specific QOL from the PedsQL Diabetes Module or the Family Impact Module, both scaled 0-100) and a validated survey of up to six self-management barriers [PRISM; scaled 1 (low) to 5 (high)]...

Background: We aimed to investigate the relationship between serum soluble Klotho protein (sKlotho) level and coronary artery calcification (CAC) as well as prognosis in patients with maintenance hemodialysis (MHD). Methods: Overall, 128 adult patients with end-stage renal failure treated with MHD were collected in the Second Affiliated Hospital & Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang Province, China in 2013. Serum sKlotho was detected by ELISA and coronary artery calcification was measured by multi-slice spiral computed tomography (MSCT)...

Context: School-going children are documenting the increasing incidence of high blood pressure (BP). Compared to adults, the prevalence of hypertension (HT) is low among children, but high BP among them can lead to HT in their adult life. Aim: The aim of was to study the risk factors and correlates of high BP among school-going children. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out for 1½ years among 892 randomly selected school children of 6th -10th class...

Iron overload due to environmental or genetic causes have been associated diabetes. We hypothesized that prenatal iron exposure is associated with higher risk of childhood type 1 diabetes. In the Norwegian Mother and Child cohort study (n = 94,209 pregnancies, n = 373 developed type 1 diabetes) the incidence of type 1 diabetes was higher in children exposed to maternal iron supplementation than unexposed (36.8/100,000/year compared to 28.6/100,000/year, adjusted hazard ratio 1.33, 95%CI: 1.06-1.67)...

BACKGROUND: The number of deaths per year attributed to non-communicable diseases is increasing in low- and middle-income countries, including Thailand. To facilitate the development of evidence-based public health programs and policies in Thailand, research on physical activity (PA) and sedentary behaviour (SB) is needed. The aims of this scoping review were to: (i) map all available evidence on PA and SB in Thailand; (ii) identify research gaps; and (iii) suggest directions for future research...

BACKGROUND: Diabetic ketoacidosis in children may cause brain injuries ranging from mild to severe. Whether intravenous fluids contribute to these injuries has been debated for decades. METHODS: We conducted a 13-center, randomized, controlled trial that examined the effects of the rate of administration and the sodium chloride content of intravenous fluids on neurologic outcomes in children with diabetic ketoacidosis. Children were randomly assigned to one of four treatment groups in a 2-by-2 factorial design (0...

Sweetened oral medications are widely used for children to facilitate compliance. A variety of natural and artificial sweeteners are used in these drug formulations to augment the sweetness and thereby palatability of the product. There is growing concern among dentists about the increased consumption of sugars in these medications by children, especially those who are chronically ill as it may contribute to diabetes mellitus, dental erosion, and dental caries. This literature review provides information about the sweetener content and cariogenic potential of commonly prescribed pediatric oral medications that are used for managing acute and chronic conditions in children and measures for oral health prevention...

BACKGROUND: Central diabetes insipidus (CDI) is a rare disorder in children. The aetiology of CDI in childhood is heterogeneous. The aim of this study is to illustrate the importance of a careful clinical and neuro-radiological follow-up of the pituitary and hypothalamus region in order to identify the aetiology and the development of associated hormonal deficiencies. METHODS: Clinical and auxological variables of 15 children diagnosed with CDI were retrospectively analysed in a paediatric hospital...

Perioperative derangements of fluid and electrolyte homeostasis are rare complications in healthy children. Nonetheless, early diagnosis and treatment are mandatory to avoid a potentially life-threatening situation. However, the variety of underlying pathologies may prove to make accurate diagnosis challenging. This case report presents the management of an unexpected occurrence of a perioperative partial diabetes insipidus with massive fluid loss. Diagnostic and therapeutic procedures are discussed in the context of laboratory findings, and an overview of the existing literature is given...

AIMS: Incidence of insulin pump failures in a cohort of children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes was evaluated prospectively during a 1-yr follow-up. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Insulin pump breakdown and infusion set failures were prospectively registered in a cohort of 1046 children and adolescents from 25 tertiary pediatric diabetes centers (50% males, mean age 12.2±4.1 yrs), with type 1 diabetes since 6.7±3.6 yrs, and using insulin pump since 3.3±2.2 yrs...

Aim: To measure skin thickness (ST) and skin + subcutaneous layer thickness (SCT) by ultrasound and estimate the risk of intramuscular injection (IM) with different needle lengths across injection sites according to age group. Method: Children recruited between 1 and 18 years with type 1 and 2 diabetes on insulin injections and divided into three age groups: 1-6 years, 7-12 years and 13-18 years. A portable ultrasound was used to measure ST and SCT at four injection sites on the abdomen, arm, thigh and buttock...