Linoleic acid nutrition

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association between the dietary intake of linoleic acid (LA) and alpha linolenic acid (ALA) with mortality outcomes in patients with diabetes. PARTICIPANTS: 3,112 U.S. adults aged≥20 years. SETTING: Basic information was collected at baseline of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Serum CRP (mg/dL), total protein (g/L), waist circumference (cm), fasting blood glucose (mmol/L), white blood cell count, serum LDL-C, and serum HDL-C were also measured...

Pulsed electric field (PEF) is an innovative technique used to assist in the extraction of vegetable oils. There has been no research on the effects of PEF on virgin olive oil (VOO) quality and antioxidant activity to date. The present study aimed to analyze the effects of PEF on oil yield, quality, and in vitro antioxidant activity of "Koroneiki" extra virgin olive oil. The results show that the PEF treatment increased the oil yield by 5.6%, but had no significant effect on the saponification value, K232, K270, and ∆K value of the VOO...

Multiple species of Bifidobacterium exhibit the ability to bioconvert conjugated fatty acids (CFAs), which is considered an important pathway for these strains to promote host health. However, there has been limited progress in understanding the enzymatic mechanism of CFA bioconversion by bifidobacteria, despite the increasing number of studies identifying CFA-producing strains. The protein responsible for polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) isomerization in B. breve CCFM683 has recently been discovered and named BBI, providing a starting point for exploring Bifidobacterium isomerases (BIs)...

Extreme environmental conditions affect the synthesis and accumulation of bioactive metabolites in halophytic plants. The aim of this study was to investigate the presence and quantity of key health-promoting phytochemicals in Croatian sea fennel, one of the most popular Mediterranean halophytes with a wide range of uses. The EOs were characterised by a high content of limonene (up to 93%), while the fatty acid profile shows a low content of oleic acid and the presence of valuable linoleic acid (ω-6) and linolenic acid (ω-3) in high percentages...

Interaction between gut microbiota, host immunity and metabolism has been suggested to crucially affect the development of insulin resistance (IR). This study aims to investigate how gut microbiota, inflammatory responses and metabolism in individuals with IR are affected by the supplementation of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) and how this subsequently affects the pathophysiology of IR by using a high-fat diet-induced IR mouse model. Serum biochemical indices showed that 400 mg/kg body weight of CLA effectively attenuated hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, glucose intolerance and IR, while also promoting antioxidant capacities...

The present study is focused on the chemical and lipid composition of seed oil of the European ornamental and invasive wood plant Ailanthus altissima (Simaroubaceae). Total lipids, proteins, carbohydrates, ash, and moisture in the seeds were determined. A high yield of glyceride oil (30.7%) was found, as well as a high content of fibers (29.6%) and proteins (18.7%). Physicochemical properties of the oil define it as semi-dry (129.4 g I2 /100 g Iodine value) with oxidative stability, refractive index, saponification value, and relative density similar to widely used oils with nutritional value and health benefits...

The present study aimed to compare the qualitative features of ricotta cheese produced by Teramana goats and Saanen goats raised in similar breeding systems and environmental conditions. The analyses were performed on ricotta after 0 (T0) and 5 (T5) days of storage at 4 °C. Ricotta cheese samples were subjected to chemical and physical analyses. The Teramana goat ricotta cheese was found to have a high-fat content characterized by a marked percentage of conjugates of linoleic acid (CLA). The reduction inketones and carboxylic acid revealed that Teramana goat ricotta cheese had greater oxidative stability during storage...

Sunflower seeds, oil, and protein powder are rich in nutritional value, but the quality of different varieties of sunflower seeds is quite different, and the comprehensive comparative analysis characteristics of edible and oil sunflower seeds are still unclear. The comprehensive analysis and comparison of the raw material indicators, physicochemical properties, and processing characteristics of four edible and four oil sunflower seed varieties were investigated. The results showed that the engineering properties, texture characteristics, single-cell structure, and oil, protein, and starch granule distribution were different between edible and oil sunflower seeds...

Matcha-Japanese powdered tea-is a variety of green tea ( Camellia sinensis L.), one of the most popular beverages in the world. Due to the unique way it is grown, it contains high concentrations of health-promoting phytochemicals. The aim of this study was to determine the basic nutritional and phenolic composition of dry matcha green tea powder. The fibre content was determined according to the enzymatic-gravimetric method. Crude protein was measured by the Kjeldahl method. The total fat content was measured by the Soxhlet method, and the fatty acid profile was defined by the GC method...

Spaghetti meat (SM) is a newly identified muscle abnormality that significantly affects modern broiler chickens, consequently exerting a substantial economic impact on the poultry industry worldwide. However, investigations into the meat quality and the underlying causative factors of SM in broilers remain limited. Therefore, this study was undertaken to systematically evaluate meat quality and muscle fiber characteristics of SM-affected meat. To elucidate the disparities between SM-affected and normal (NO) muscles in broiler chickens reared under identical conditions, we selected 18 SM-affected breast tissues and 18 NO breast tissues from 200 broiler chickens raised according to commercial standards under the same conditions for our study...

Legumes, one of the first crops of humanity, inherently constitute a staple nutritional source for mankind, attracting significant research attention that has been afforded to the development of numerous cultivars. The study herein concerns the exploitation of the nutritional and bio-functional content of beans harvested from eleven Greek cultivars belonging to five different species, namely Cicer arietinum L., Pisum sativum L., Vicia faba L., Lens culinaris L., and Phaseolus vulgaris L. The final goal is to define their varietal identity and correlate their phytochemical content with their potential utilization as functional foods and/or feed of high nutritional value...

OBJECTIVES: Hip fractures are associated with a high burden of morbidity and mortality. Diet is essential for preventing fragility fractures, but the role of dietary fatty acids on the risk of hip fracture is uncertain. The aim was to investigate how intake of different dietary fatty acids relates to the risk of hip fracture. A relative validation of the long-term intake of dietary fatty acids estimated from food frequency questionnaires (FFQs) was also performed. DESIGN, SETTINGS AND PARTICIPANTS: We used data collected in two population-based cohorts, the Swedish Mammography Cohort and the Cohort of Swedish men (n = 83,603, 54% men, aged 45-82 years)...

The production performance of dairy cattle is closely related to their metabolic state. This study aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the production performance and metabolic features of Sanhe dairy cattle across different parities, with a specific focus on evaluating variations in milk traits and metabolites in both milk and serum. Sanhe dairy cattle from parities 1 to 4 (S1, n = 10; S2, n = 9; S3, n = 10; and S4, n = 10) at mid-lactation were maintained under the same feeding and management conditions...

Plantago species, which is known to adapt to different climatic conditions, drought, temperature and different soil types. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of P. lanceolata herbage on fattening performance, rumen variables, digestibility, meat quality, meat nutrients and meat textural variables in lambs with the values of Italian ryegrass and sainfoin herbages. The lambs were fed total mix ration (TMR) with concentrated feed (about 30%) plus forage (about 70%) (P. lanceolata, PLA, Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum); IRY or sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia) herbages, SAI)...

BACKGROUND: Wheat distillers' grains (WDG) and seaweeds are recommended as alternative protein sources and enteric methane mitigators in dairy cow diets, respectively, but little is known about their impact on milk quality and safety. In the present study, 16 cows in four 4 × 4 latin squares were fed iso-nitrogenous diets (50:50 forage: concentrate ratio), with rapeseed meal (RSM)-based or WDG-based concentrate (230 and 205 g kg-1 DM) and supplemented with or without Saccharina latissima...

To investigate the potential functional properties and added value of okra seed oil and provide a scientific basis for further industrial development and production of okra seed oil, its fatty acid profile, total phenolic, fat-soluble vitamin composition, mineral element composition, and antioxidant activities were examined in this study. Also, correlations between bioactive components and the antioxidant activities of okra seed oil were explored. The study results show that okra seed oil contains 12 types of fatty acids, 65...

The brain is the central commander of all physical activities and the expression of emotions in animals. Its development and cognitive health critically depend on the neural network that consists of neurons, glial cells (namely, non-neuronal cells), and neurotransmitters (communicators between neurons). The latter include proteinogenic amino acids (e.g., L-glutamate, L-aspartate, and glycine) and their metabolites [e.g., γ-aminobutyrate, D-aspartate, D-serine, nitric oxide, carbon monoxide, hydrogen sulfide, and monoamines (e...

Domestic dogs and cats have evolved differentially in some aspects of nutrition, metabolism, chemical sensing, and feeding behavior. The dogs have adapted to omnivorous diets containing taurine-abundant meat and starch-rich plant ingredients. By contrast, domestic cats must consume animal-sourced foods for survival, growth, and development. Both dogs and cats synthesize vitamin C and many amino acids (AAs, such as alanine, asparagine, aspartate, glutamate, glutamine, glycine, proline, and serine), but have a limited ability to form de novo arginine and vitamin D3 ...

This study aimed to determine the effect of supplementing liquid feeds with a mixture of ethyl esters of polyunsaturated fatty acid of linseed oil (EEPUFA; α-linolenic acid-64.5%, linoleic acid-16.1%, and oleic acid-19.4%) on feed intake, body weight gain, feed efficiency, and health of dairy calves. Thirty-six healthy female Holstein-Friesian calves (7 d of age, 41.2 ± 4.0 kg) were assigned to one of two treatment groups (18 calves per group), i.e., control or EEPUFA, and fed liquid feed (whole milk (WM) or milk replacer (MR)) either without or with 10 mL/d of EEPUFA supplementation, respectively, for 56 days (till 63 d of age)...

With the increasing impacts of climate change, establishing more sustainable and robust plants such as desert dates ( Balanites aegyptiaca ) seems to be necessary. Known for its resilience in arid conditions, this tree has the potential to become a more important food source, particularly for its potential to yield edible oil. This study characterized Balanites kernel oil (BKO) as a promising oil source in arid regions, studying the influence of geographical origin and environmental factors. Moroccan and Sudanese BKO samples were analyzed and compared with Mauritanian BKO...