Cognite functional therapy

INTRODUCTION: It is unclear whether neurotoxicity due to the antiretroviral drug efavirenz (EFV) results in neurocognitive impairment in people living with HIV (PLWH). Previously, we found that discontinuing EFV was associated with improved processing speed and attention on neuropsychological assessment. In this imaging study, we investigate potential neural mechanisms underlying this cognitive improvement using a BOLD fMRI task assessing cortical and subcortical functioning. METHODS: Asymptomatic adult PLWH stable on emtricitabine/tenofovirdisoproxil/efavirenz were randomly (1:2) assigned to continue their regimen (n = 12) or to switch to emtricitabine/tenofovirdisoproxil/rilpivirine (n = 28)...

INTRODUCTION: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a chronic disease with a high populational prevalence that is characterized as airway closure during sleep. Treatment is multidisciplinary and varies according to each case. Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), oral appliances, and surgery are the primary therapeutic options. Non-invasive conservative treatments such as sleep hygiene, positional therapy, physical exercises, and weight loss aim to reduce the worsening of the disease while being complementary to the invasive primary treatment...

Hormonal treatments (HT) for prostate cancer (e.g., androgen deprivation therapy) yield clinical and survival benefits, yet adverse cognitive changes may be a side effect. Since psychosocial factors are largely modifiable, interventions targeting these factors may help mitigate these adverse cognitive effects. This systematic review aimed to identify a range of psychosocial factors associated with cognitive function in individuals with prostate cancer undergoing HT and to determine whether these factors mitigate or exacerbate this effect...

BACKGROUND: Post-stroke cognitive impairment (PSCI) is the focus and difficulty of poststroke rehabilitation intervention with an incidence of up to 61%, which may be related to the deterioration of cerebrovascular function. Computer-aided cognitive training (CACT) can improve cognitive function through scientific training targeting activated brain regions, becoming a popular training method in recent years. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), a non-invasive brain stimulation technique, can regulate the cerebral vascular nerve function, and has an effect on the rehabilitation of cognitive dysfunction after stroke...

BACKGROUND: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is the most common neurobehavioral disorder. Treatments for ADHD include pharmacological and nonpharmacological therapy. However, pharmacological treatments have side effects such as poor appetite, sleep disturbance, and headache. Moreover, nonpharmacological treatments are not effective in ameliorating core symptoms and are time-consuming. Hence, developing an alternative and effective treatment without (or with fewer) side effects is crucial...

 Post-stroke cognitive impairment and dementia (PSCID) is a complication that affects long-term functional outcomes after stroke. Studies on dementia after long-term follow-up in stroke have focused predominantly on ischemic stroke, which may be different from the development of dementia after spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). In this review, we summarize the existing data and hypotheses on the development of dementia after spontaneous ICH, review the management of post-ICH dementia, and suggest areas for future research...

Leukoencephalopathy (LE), characterized by structural changes affecting cerebral white matter, presents a complex clinical picture with diverse etiologies. This case report details the presentation, clinical findings, and physiotherapy management of a 32-year-old female with colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R)-related leukoencephalopathy and a history of diabetes and hypertension. She suddenly stopped her medications, which led to the worsening of her condition. She presented with symptoms of headache, slurred speech, visual disturbances, cognitive impairment, and impaired balance and coordination, due to which her activities of daily living were affected...

Intellectual disabilities (ID) encompass a broad spectrum of neurodevelopmental disorders marked by impairments in cognitive functioning and adaptive behavior. Accessing and benefiting from rehabilitation services pose significant challenges for individuals within this population. In this case study, the rehabilitation journey of a 44-year-old man with ID, emphasizes the tailored approach to his rehabilitation program. The primary objectives of the program were to augment the patient's functional capabilities, foster independence, and enhance his overall quality of life...

BACKGROUND: Accumulation of tau in synapses in the early stages of Alzheimer's disease (AD) has been shown to cause synaptic damage, synaptic loss, and the spread of tau pathology through trans-synaptically connected neurons. Moreover, synaptic loss correlates with a decline in cognitive function, providing an opportunity to investigate therapeutic strategies to target synapses and synaptic tau to rescue or prevent cognitive decline in AD. One of the promising synaptic targets is the 5-HT4 serotonergic receptor present postsynaptically in the brain structures involved in the memory processes...

AIMS: We aimed to conduct a systematic literature review and meta-analysis to evaluate the efficacy of the original 14 session Cognitive Stimulation Therapy (CST) protocol in improving cognitive function and related outcomes in people with mild to moderate dementia. METHODS: Four databases were searched, up to May 2023, for randomized controlled trials of CST using the original protocol. Pre- and post-test means and measures of dispersion for intervention and control groups were extracted for each reported outcome and used to calculate effect sizes...

INTRODUCTION: Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is a well-established surgical therapy for patients with Parkinsons' Disease (PD). Traditionally, DBS surgery for PD is performed under local anesthesia, whereby the patient is awake to facilitate intraoperative neurophysiological confirmation of the intended target using microelectrode recordings. General anesthesia allows for improved patient comfort without sacrificing anatomic precision and clinical outcomes. METHODS: We performed a systemic review and meta-analysis on patients undergoing DBS for PD...

OBJECTIVES: The waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) is a simple, practical, and effective tool used to assess central obesity. Despite its usefulness, few studies have investigated the association between WHtR and cognitive function among older adults in the United States. This study aims to investigate the associations between WHtR and cognitive function. METHODS: The study sample comprised adults who participated in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) between 2011 and 2014...

BACKGROUND: Self-awareness impairment is common following acquired brain injury and can impact rehabilitation outcomes. Knowledge of factors associated with impaired self-awareness may assist with rehabilitation planning. OBJECTIVES: To identify factors associated with self-awareness and determine predictors of self-awareness impairment for adults with traumatic brain injury (TBI) and stroke. DESIGN AND METHODS: A retrospective cohort study of rehabilitation inpatients was conducted by medical record audit...

INTRODUCTION: Children with acquired brain injury (ABI) are at risk for poor therapeutic engagement due to cognitive impairment, affect lability, pain, and fatigue. Animal-assisted therapy (AAT) has the potential to improve patient engagement in rehabilitation therapies; however, the feasibility of integrating AAT into the rigorous therapy schedule of inpatient clinical care or its reception by patients, families, and staff is unknown. OBJECTIVE: To examine the feasibility and acceptability of incorporating dogs into physical therapy and occupational therapy sessions with pediatric patients being treated on an inpatient rehabilitation unit for acquired brain injury...

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the effects of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) and transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) on the cognitive function of individuals with Alzheimer's disease (AD). METHODS: This systematic review with meta-analysis and meta-regression included randomized clinical trials published until 05/2022. We included studies conducted with individuals with AD of both sexes, aged between 55 and 85 years, treated with tDCS, TMS, or both...

BACKGROUND: Ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency (OTCD) due to an X-linked OTC mutation, is responsible for moderate to severe hyperammonemia (HA) with substantial morbidity and mortality. About 80% of females with OTCD remain apparently "asymptomatic" with limited studies of their clinical characteristics and long-term health vulnerabilities. Multimodal neuroimaging studies and executive function testing have shown that asymptomatic females exhibit limitations when stressed to perform at higher cognitive load and had reduced activation of the prefrontal cortex...

Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is common in people with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and its prevalence increases with progressive loss of kidney function. MCI is characterized by a decline in cognitive performance greater than expected for an individual age and education level but with minimal impairment of instrumental activities of daily living. Deterioration can affect one or several cognitive domains (attention, memory, executive functions, language, and perceptual motor or social cognition). Given the increasing prevalence of kidney disease, more and more people with CKD will also develop MCI causing an enormous disease burden for these individuals, their relatives and society...

BACKGROUND: Cerebral infarction often results in post-stroke cognitive impairment, which impairs the quality of life and causes long-term disability. Astrocytes, the most abundant glial cells in the central nervous system, have a crucial role in cerebral ischemia and neuroinflammation. We explored the possible advantages of interleukin-6 (IL-6), a powerful pro-inflammatory cytokine produced by astrocytes, for post-stroke cognitive function. METHODS: Mendelian randomization was applied to analyze the GWAS database of stroke patients, obtaining a causal relationship between IL-6 and stroke...

AIM: To systematically review the types of spiritual interventions available for colorectal cancer survivors and determine if they improve their lives. DESIGN: Systematic review. DATA SOURCE: A thorough literature search was conducted in July 2023 using PRIMO, PubMed/Medline, Cochrane, CINAHL, Scopus, and EMBASE. REVIEW METHODS: As an extension of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) checklist, the Synthesis Without Meta-Analysis reporting guideline was employed...

BACKGROUND: Treatment effects of conventional approaches with antipsychotics or psychosocial interventions are limited when it comes to reducing negative and cognitive symptoms in schizophrenia. While there is emerging clinical evidence that new, augmented protocols based on theta-burst stimulation can increase rTMS efficacy dramatically in depression, data on similar augmented therapies are limited in schizophrenia. The different patterns of network impairments in subjects may underlie that some but not all patients responded to given stimulation locations...