RSV clinical isolate

BACKGROUND: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) affects children, causing serious infections, particularly in high-risk groups. Given the seasonality of RSV and the importance of rapid isolation of infected individuals, there is an urgent need for more efficient diagnostic methods to expedite this process. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate the performance of a machine learning model that leverages the temporal diversity of symptom onset for detecting RSV infections and elucidate its discriminatory ability...

The human adenovirus (HAdV) is a common pathogen in children that can cause acute respiratory virus infection (ARVI). However, the molecular epidemiological and clinical information relating to HAdV among hospitalized children with ARVI is rarely reported in Russia. A 4-year longitudinal (2019-2022) study among hospitalized children (0-17 years old) with ARVI in Novosibirsk, Russia, was conducted to evaluate the epidemiological and molecular characteristics of HAdV. Statistically significant differences in the detection rates of epidemiological and virological data of all positive viral detections of HAdV were analyzed using a two-tailed Chi-square test...

BACKGROUND This retrospective study evaluated the effects of specific COVID-19 preventive measures, including the use of medical masks, nucleic acid testing, and patient isolation, on respiratory infections, disease severity, and seasonal patterns among children in Hohhot, located in northern China. Understanding these alterations is pivotal in developing effective strategies to handle pediatric respiratory infections within the context of continuous public health initiatives. MATERIAL AND METHODS At the First Hospital of Hohhot, throat swabs were collected from 605 children with community-acquired respiratory between January 2022 and March 2023 for pathogen infection spectrum detection using microarray testing...

UNLABELLED: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a leading cause of acute lower respiratory tract infections causing significant morbidity and mortality among children and the elderly; two RSV vaccines and a monoclonal antibody have recently been approved. Thus, there is an increasing need for a detailed and continuous genomic surveillance of RSV circulating in resource-rich and resource-limited settings worldwide. However, robust, cost-effective methods for whole genome sequencing of RSV from clinical samples that are amenable to high-throughput are still scarce...

Within the Innovative Health Initiative (IHI) Inno4Vac CHIMICHURRI project, a regulatory workshop was organised on the development and manufacture of challenge agent strains for Controlled Human Infection Model (CHIM) studies. Developers are often uncertain about which GMP requirements or regulatory guidelines apply but should be guided by the 2022 technical white paper "Considerations on the Principles of Development and Manufacturing Qualities of Challenge Agents for Use in Human Infection Models" (published by hVIVO, Wellcome Trust, HIC-Vac consortium members)...

OBJECTIVE: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the most common viral respiratory infection in infants. This study aimed to establish the potential changes in the clinical course of RSV in the neonatal period with the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. STUDY DESIGN: During the observational study period, newborns diagnosed with community-acquired RSV infection and admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit(NICU) were evaluated. Respiratory syncytial virus-infected neonates before the COVID-19 pandemic were classified as Group 1, those during the strict isolation period as Group 2, and RSV-infected newborns after removing of restrictions were classified as Group 3...

Human metapneumovirus (HMPV), a member of the Pneumoviridae family, causes upper and lower respiratory tract infections in humans. In vitro studies with HMPV have mostly been performed in monolayers of undifferentiated epithelial cells. In vivo studies in cynomolgus macaques and cotton rats have shown that ciliated epithelial cells are the main target of HMPV infection, but these observations cannot be studied in monolayer systems. Here, we established an organoid-derived bronchial culture model that allows physiologically relevant studies on HMPV...

OBJECTIVE: Many providers use severe acute respiratory coronavirus virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) cycle thresholds (Ct values) as approximate measures of viral burden in association with other clinical data to inform decisions about treatment and isolation. We characterized temporal changes in Ct values for non-SARS-CoV-2 respiratory viruses as a first step to determine whether cycle thresholds could play a similar role in the management of non-SARS-CoV-2 respiratory viruses. DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study...

Excessive pulmonary inflammation is the hallmark of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection hindering efficacious RSV vaccine development. Yet, the vast majority of the experimental RSV vaccine studies use laboratory-adapted RSV strains that do not reflect the highly pathogenic and inflammatory nature of the virus found in clinical settings. Here, we re-evaluated the protective efficacy of the virus-like particle (VLP) vaccine co-expressing the pre-fusion (pre-F) protein and G protein with tandem repeats (Gt) reported in our previous study against the recombinant RSV rA2-line19F strain, which inflicts severe mucus production and inflammation in mice...

Human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a leading cause of lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI) in young children and elderly people worldwide. Recent significant progress in our understanding of the structure and function of RSV proteins has led to the discovery of several clinical candidates targeting RSV fusion and replication. These include both the development of novel small molecule interventions and the isolation of potent monoclonal antibodies. In this review, we summarize the state-of-the-art of RSV drug discovery, with a focus on the characteristics of the candidates that reached the clinical stage of development...

Staphylococcus aureus is an opportunistic pathogen that can lead to a number of potentially terrible community- and hospital-acquired illnesses. Among the diverse set of virulence factors that S. aureus possesses, secreted toxins play a particularly preeminent role in defining its virulence. In this work, we aimed to facilitate the development of novel strategies utilizing natural compounds to lower S. aureus's toxin production and consequently enhance therapeutic approaches. Two natural polyphenols, resveratrol (RSV) and curcumin (CUR), were tested for their effect on reducing toxin gene production of MRSA isolates...

Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) is a significant cause of lower respiratory tract infections in the young, the elderly, and in immunodeficient patients. As such, the virus represents an important cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Development of monoclonal antibodies against RSV has resulted in a commercial prophylaxis, palivizumab (Synagis® ), and different antibodies that have improved our understanding of the structure of the viral proteins. In this study, a different immunization technique, subtractive immunization, was evaluated for its applicability to develop RSV-specific antibodies...

Globally, viral pathogens are the leading cause of acute respiratory infection in children under-five years. We aim to describe the epidemiology of viral respiratory pathogens in hospitalized children under-two years of age in Eastern Province of Sierra Leone, during the second year of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. We conducted a prospective study of children hospitalized with respiratory symptoms between October 2020 and October 2021. We collected demographic and clinical characteristics and calculated each participant´s respiratory symptom severity...

INTRODUCTION: The human respiratory syncytial virus (hRSV) is responsible for most respiratory tract infections in infants. Even though currently there are no approved hRSV vaccines for newborns or infants, several candidates are being developed. rBCG-N-hRSV is a vaccine candidate previously shown to be safe in a phase I clinical trial in adults (clinicaltrials.gov identifier #NCT03213405). Here, secondary immunogenicity analyses were performed on these samples. METHODS: PBMCs isolated from immunized volunteers were stimulated with hRSV or mycobacterial antigens to evaluate cytokines and cytotoxic T cell-derived molecules and the expansion of memory T cell subsets...

Nirsevimab is a monoclonal antibody that binds to the respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) fusion protein. During the Phase 2b (NCT02878330) and MELODY (NCT03979313) clinical trials, infants received one dose of nirsevimab or placebo before their first RSV season. In this pre-specified analysis, isolates from RSV infections were subtyped, sequenced and analyzed for nirsevimab binding site substitutions; subsequently, recombinant RSVs were engineered for microneutralization susceptibility testing. Here we show that the frequency of infections caused by subtypes A and B is similar across and within the two trials...

Recently, human bocavirus (HBoV) has appeared as an emerging pathogen, with an increasing number of cases reported worldwide. HBoV is mainly associated with upper and lower respiratory tract infections in adults and children. However, its role as a respiratory pathogen is still not fully understood. It has been reported both as a co-infectious agent (predominantly with respiratory syncytial virus, rhinovirus, parainfluenza viruses, and adenovirus), and as an isolated viral pathogen during respiratory tract infections...

BACKGROUND Influenza in children poses a significant health problem worldwide. In this study we investigated 725 cases of influenza and influenza-like virus infection in children under 14 years of age in the 2021/2022 influenza epidemic season in Poland. MATERIAL AND METHODS The material for the study (nose and throat swabs) was collected during the 2021/2022 epidemic season. We analyzed 725 samples from the National Influenza Center, Department of Influenza Research at the National Institute of Public Health NIH-NRI or at 16 Voivodship Sanitary Epidemiological Stations across Poland...

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the relationship between SARS-CoV-2 infection and liver injury by comparing transaminase concentrations among children tested for SARS-CoV-2 and other respiratory viruses in pediatric emergency departments. DESIGN & METHODS: Eligible children were <18 years with suspected SARS-CoV-2, tested using molecular approaches in emergency departments between March 7, 2020, and June 15, 2021 (Pediatric Emergency Research Network), and between August 6, 2020, and February 22, 2022 (Pediatric Emergency Research Canada)...

Molecular multiplex assays (MPAs) for simultaneous detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), influenza and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) in a single RT-PCR reaction reduce time and increase efficiency to identify multiple pathogens with overlapping clinical presentation but different treatments or public health implications. Clinical performance of XpertXpress® SARS-CoV-2/Flu/RSV (Cepheid, GX), TaqPath™ COVID-19, FluA/B, RSV Combo kit (Thermo Fisher Scientific, TP), and PowerChek™ SARS-CoV-2/Influenza A&B/RSV Multiplex RT-PCR kit II (KogeneBiotech, PC) was compared to individual Standards of Care (SoC)...

Acute respiratory infections are a group of diseases caused by viruses, bacteria, and parasites that mainly affect children until the age of 5 and immunocompromised senior adults. In Mexico, these infections are the main cause of morbidity in children, with more than 26 million cases of respiratory infections reported by the Secretariat of Health, in 2019. The human respiratory syncytial virus (hRSV), the human metapneumovirus (hMPV), and the human parainfluenza-2 (hPIV-2) are responsible for many respiratory infections...