Mri eeg

OBJECTIVE: Recently, the ILAE Nosology and Definitions Task Force defined diagnostic criteria for epilepsy syndromes. There is paucity of data on the use of these new diagnostic criteria in children with epilepsy, and how these criteria may lead to changes from previous practice. METHODS: This was a retrospective chart review of data of children attending the epilepsy clinic in a tertiary care children's hospital from January 2011 to January 2023. The clinical details such as age at onset, types of seizures, co-morbidities, and results of EEG, MRI and genetic testing were reviewed...

BACKGROUND: Syncope is a common condition that increases the risk of injury and reduces the quality of life. Abdominal pain as a precursor to vasovagal syncope (VVS) in adults is rarely reported and is often misdiagnosed.​. METHODS: We present three adult patients with VVS and presyncopal abdominal pain diagnosed by synchronous multimodal detection (transcranial Doppler [TCD] with head-up tilt [HUT]) and discuss the relevant literature. RESULTS: Case 1: A 52-year-old man presented with recurrent decreased consciousness preceded by six months of abdominal pain...

INTRODUCTION: Psychotic syndromes can have autoimmune-mediated causes in some patients. Thus, this retrospective work aims to investigate the role of rheumatological markers in the development of psychosis. PATIENTS AND METHODS: In total, 224 patients with psychotic syndromes receiving a "rheumatological laboratory screening" (including C-reactive protein [CRP], immunofixation, complement factors, rheumatoid factor [RF], antiphospholipid antibodies [APAs], antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies [ANCAs], and antinuclear antibodies [ANAs]) were analyzed...

Contrast-induced encephalopathy (CIE) is a rare complication of imaging using ionidated contrast media. Its pathogenesis remains unknown, and its clinical presentation is variable. We present two cases of CIE following coronary angiography (CAG) that underscore the multitude of clinical manifestations and imaging findings associated with the disorder. In patients 1, CIE manifested during the CAG with agitation and decreased consciousness, followed by left hemiparesis and visual neglect. Native computed tomography (CT) of the head was unremarkable but CT perfusion (CTP) showed extensive hypoperfusion of the right hemisphere with corresponding slow-wave activity in the electroencephalogram (EEG)...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Although immunization against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is ongoing, adverse reactions to these vaccinations have been observed in isolated cases. We aimed to report different neurological complications developed after COVID-19 vaccination. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In our case series study, we report all cases of CNS demyelination following COVID-19 immunization. Clinical evaluation, brain MRI, and CSF analysis for oligoclonal bands and IgG index were performed for all patients...

Visual snow syndrome (VSS) is a rarely diagnosed neurological phenomenon. It is a visual disorder characterised by the presence of numerous white, black, or translucent dots in the visual field, resembling the 'snow' of an analogue TV set experiencing reception interference. According to The International Classification of Headache Disorders, 3rd edition, visual snow is defined as a pattern of continuous small dots across the visual field lasting >3 months and accompanied by at least two of the following four additional symptoms: palinopsia, increased entoptic phenomena, photophobia, and nyctalopia...

Although true subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is an atypical complication owing to suicide by hanging, pseudo-SAH can often develop because of hypoxic encephalopathy. Therefore, differentiating pseudo-SAH from true SAH using brain computed tomography (CT) is often challenging. In Japan, an individual's cause of brain death must be determined to be eligible for organ donation, regardless of whether true SAH is involved or not. Herein, we report a case of SAH confirmed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in a patient with brain death owing to hypoxic encephalopathy following suicide by hanging...

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to investigate the diagnostic value of ML techniques based on sMRI or/and fMRI for ADHD. METHODS: We conducted a comprehensive search (from database creation date to March 2024) for relevant English articles on sMRI or/and fMRI-based ML techniques for diagnosing ADHD. The pooled sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio (LR+), negative likelihood ratio (LR-), summary receiver operating characteristic (SROC) curve and area under the curve (AUC) were calculated to assess the diagnostic value of sMRI or/and fMRI-based ML techniques...

Acute ischemic cerebrovascular accident (CVA) is a time-sensitive emergent diagnosis, requiring rapid diagnosis and consideration of thrombolytic administration. However, a myriad of cerebrovascular mimics creates a diagnostic challenge. A rare CVA mimic is Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD), a rapidly progressive fatal dementia due to protein misfolding. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and neurology consultation for electroencephalogram (EEG) and specialized cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) studies are diagnostic while the patient is alive...

BACKGROUND: Autosomal recessive primary microcephaly (MCPH) is a rare neurodevelopmental disorder characterized primarily by congenital microcephaly and intellectual disability but without extra-central nervous system malformations. This investigation aimed to elucidate the genetic underpinnings of microcephaly in a patient from a Chinese consanguineous family. METHODS: A comprehensive clinical assessment, including brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), electroencephalogram (EEG), and genetic analyses, was conducted to evaluate the patient's condition...

OBJECTIVE: We present the case of a patient with clinical and imaging features of sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (sCJD) and positive IgLON5 antibodies (Abs) in the serum and CSF. CASE REPORT: A 66-year-old Chinese man presented to the hospital with a stroke-like episode, followed by rapidly progressive cognitive decline, mutism, and parkinsonism. The MRI results showed a cortical ribboning sign in diffusion-weighted MRI, periodic triphasic waves with a slow background in EEG, and positive protein 14-3-3 in CSF...

OBJECTIVE: By analysing the difference in TNF-α levels in the peripheral blood of patients with medial temporal lobe epilepsy (mTLE) with or without hippocampal sclerosis and the correlation between TNF-α and N-acetylaspartate levels in the hippocampus, we explored the relationship between TNF-α and the degree of damage to hippocampal sclerosis neurons in medial temporal lobe epilepsy. METHODS: This is a prospective, population-based study. A total of 71 Patients with medial temporal lobe epilepsy diagnosed by clinical seizures, video-EEG, epileptic sequence MRI, and other imaging examinations were recruited from October 2020 to July 2022 in the Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University...

INTRODUCTION: Epileptic spasms without hypsarrhythmia occur when patients do not display hypsarrhythmia on EEG at the onset and throughout the clinical course. We report three patients of epileptic spasms in patients with early onset, all of whom experienced other types of seizures. CASE REPORTS: We detail three patients (two boys and one girl) of epileptic spasms without hypsarrhythmia, occurring between one and three months of age, with no abnormalities detected on neurometabolic analysis and brain MRI...

A 63-year-old man with type 2 diabetes mellitus, alcohol consumption in moderation, and three episodes of hepatic encephalopathy presented with symmetrical lower limb distal weakness, sensory ataxia, thickened palpable nerves, mood disturbances for seven years, and a family history of schizophreniform disorders. Nerve conduction studies showed demyelinating sensorimotor polyradiculoneuropathy. CSF analysis showed mild albumino-cytological dissociation. MRI brain and lumbosacral plexus showed thickened fifth cranial nerves and lumbosacral roots...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: High-frequency oscillations (HFOs; ripples 80-250 Hz; fast ripples [FRs] 250-500 Hz) recorded with intracranial electrodes generated excitement and debate about their potential to localize epileptogenic foci. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis on the prognostic value of complete resection of the HFOs-area (crHFOs-area) for epilepsy surgical outcome in intracranial EEG (iEEG) accessing multiple subgroups. METHODS: We searched PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science for original research from inception to October 27, 2022...

Macrocephaly is defined as an abnormal increase in head circumference greater than two standard deviations above the mean for a given age and sex. We present the case of a 16-month-old boy with congenital progressive macrocephaly, who was referred to our hospital for a ventriculoperitoneal shunt placement for external hydrocephalus diagnosed at 13 months of age. The patient had a febrile seizure 12 hours after the shunt was placed and the emergency CT exam revealed collapsed ventricles and a right frontal subdural collection, suggestive of an over-drainage and intracranial hypotension...

OBJECTIVE: Hispanic/Latino people with epilepsy are a growing population that has been understudied in clinical epilepsy research. U.S. veterans are at a higher risk of epilepsy due to greater exposures including traumatic brain injury. Hispanic/Latino Veterans with Epilepsy (HL-VWEs) represent a growing population; however the treatment utilization patterns of this population have been vastly understudied. METHODS: HL-VWE were identified from administrative databases during fiscal year 2019...

Arterial spin labelling (ASL), an MRI sequence non-invasively imaging brain perfusion, has yielded promising results in the presurgical workup of children with focal cortical dysplasia (FCD)-related epilepsy. However, the interpretation of ASL-derived perfusion patterns remains unclear. Hence, we compared ASL qualitative and quantitative findings to their clinical, EEG, and MRI counterparts. We included children with focal structural epilepsy related to an MRI-detectable FCD who underwent single delay pseudo-continuous ASL...

BACKGROUND: Cavernous malformation (CM) is a well-known cause of epilepsy. Although the location of the CM is usually consistent with the side of seizure onset, some reports have described discrepancies between results from scalp electroencephalography (EEG) and CM location. This study investigated the prevalence and features of patients showing false lateralization (FL). Particularly, we tested the hypothesis that patients showing FL were more likely to have CM in medial and deep areas of the brain than in other areas...