Kidney Cancer

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have transformed the management of advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC), but most patients still do not receive a long-term benefit from these therapies, and many experience off-target, immune-related adverse effects. RCC is also different from many other ICI-responsive tumors, as it has only a modest mutation burden, and total neoantigen load does not correlate with ICI response. In order to improve the efficacy and safety of immunotherapies for RCC, it is therefore critical to identify the antigens that are targeted in effective anti-tumor immunity...

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3233/KCA-210117.].

BACKGROUND: Cabozantinib is among the most potent tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) FDA-approved for metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC). Effective treatments after progression on cabozantinib salvage therapy are limited. Dose escalation for other TKIs has been shown to afford added disease control. OBJECTIVE: We sought to evaluate whether dose escalation of cabozantinib (Cabometyx® ) from conventional doses in select patients with limited treatment options offered additional disease control...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

BACKGROUND: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) have emerged as active therapies in the management of advanced RCC. While multiple studies have shown clinical activity of ICIs in clear cell histologies, the evidence to support their use in non-clear cell (ncc) subtypes is based on smaller prospective trials and retrospective analyses. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this review is to summarize the clinical outcomes of ICI-based therapies in ncc-subtypes and in tumors with sarcomatoid/rhabdoid features...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

BACKGROUND: Substantial racial and socioeconomic disparities in metastatic RCC (mRCC) have persisted following the introduction of targeted oral anticancer agents (OAAs). The relationship between patient characteristics and OAA access and costs that may underlie persistent disparities in mRCC outcomes have not been examined in a nationally representative patient population. METHODS: Retrospective SEER-Medicare analysis of patients diagnosed with mRCC between 2007-2015 over age 65 with Medicare part D prescription drug coverage...

OBJECTIVES: To better characterize the relay of information about prostate, kidney, and bladder cancer on Twitter in relation to the COVID-19 pandemic. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Tweets containing the joint hashtags "#COVID-19" and either "#bladder cancer", "#kidney cancer", or "#prostate cancer" were identified on the Twitter platform from January 1, 2020 to July 30, 2020. The Twitter handle responsible for each tweet was categorized as an Academic, Medical Education, Patient Advocacy Groups/Non-Profits, Pharmaceutical, or Other entity based on content domain...

BACKGROUND: The treatment landscape for metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) is rapidly changing. It is unknown how adoption of new types of therapies may differ by patient age. OBJECTIVE: To compare trends in first-line therapy use for older (≥70 years) and younger (< 70) patients with mRCC before and after approval of nivolumab in 2015. METHODS: Using the National Cancer Database, we assessed trends in first-line therapy use by calculating the proportion of patients receiving targeted therapy, immunotherapy, or no systemic therapy by year of diagnosis...

Renal cell carcinoma has traditionally been classified based on histological features. Contemporary studies have identified genomic, transcriptomic, epigenomic, and metabolomic signatures that correspond to or even transcend histological subtypes. Much remains to be learned about improving the algorithm of pan-omics integration for precision oncology, which will not only advance our understanding of RCC pathobiology and treatment response but also result in novel therapeutic opportunities. Accordingly, this review focuses on recent RCC multi-omics literature...

Introduction: There have been a number of recent advances in the management of advanced clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). However, the majority of these studies excluded patients with non-clear cell RCC (nccRCC), and optimal management of nccRCC remains unknown. Materials and Methods: A systematic review of the literature was performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines to evaluate systemic treatment options in locally advanced or metastatic nccRCC between 2000-2019...

Introduction: To evaluate overall survival (OS) of T1a kidney cancers stratified by histologic subtype and curative treatment including partial nephrectomy (PN), percutaneous ablation (PA), and radical nephrectomy (RN). Materials and Methods: We queried the National Cancer Data Base (2004-2015) for patients with T1a kidney cancers who were treated surgically. OS was estimated by Kaplan-Meier curves based on histologic subtype and management. Cox proportional regression models were used to determine whether histologic subtypes and management procedure predicted OS...

 Papillary renal cell carcinoma (PRCC) is a subtype of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) accounting for approximately 15-20% of cases and further divided into Type 1 and Type 2. Type 1 PRCC tends to have more alterations in the MET tyrosine kinase receptor than Type 2 PRCC. Treatment for RCC patients is based on studies with minimal participation from patients with PRCC; consequently, conventional therapies tend to be less effective for RCC patients with a subtype other than ccRCC (non-ccRCC). Since MET is a known alteration in PRCC, it is potential target for directed therapy...

Background: Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is molecularly diverse and distinct molecular subtypes show different clinical outcomes. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are essential components of gene regulatory networks and play a crucial role in progression of many cancer types including ccRCC. Objective: Identify prognostic miRNAs and determine the role of miR-22 in ccRCC. Methods: Hierarchical clustering was done in R using gene expression profiles of over 450 ccRCC cases in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA)...

Background: S0931 is assessing recurrence-free survival in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) patients randomized to receive everolimus (EVE) versus placebo for one year following nephrectomy. Due to a higher than expected dropout rate, we assessed EVE trough levels in the adjuvant setting to evaluate the relationship between EVE exposure and probability of toxicity. Methods: Patients received 10 mg daily EVE for nine 6-week cycles. Pre-dose whole blood samples were collected pre-cycle 2 and pre-cycle 3 and analyzed for EVE...

Background: In renal cell carcinoma (RCC), angiopoietin (Ang) 2 is elevated at the time of progression on anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) therapy and may contribute to resistance. Objective: We tested trebananib, an Ang 1 and 2 neutralizing peptibody in patients with RCC progressing on anti-VEGF treatment. Methods: Patients with measurable RCC progressing despite an anti-VEGF agent within 12 weeks, any number of prior treatments, and good PS were randomized to trebananib 15 mg/kg IV weekly without (Arm A) or with (Arm B) continuation of the prior anti-VEGF agent...

An important hallmark of cancer is 'metabolic reprogramming' or the rewiring of cellular metabolism to support rapid cell proliferation [1-5]. Metabolic reprogramming through oncometabolite-mediated transformation or activation of oncogenes in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) globally impacts energy production as well as glucose and glutamine utilization in RCC cells, which can promote dependence on glutamine supply to support cell growth and proliferation [6, 7]. Novel inhibitors of glutaminase, a key enzyme in glutamine metabolism, target glutamine addiction as a viable treatment strategy in metastatic RCC (mRCC)...

Background: Decisions about adjuvant therapy involve trade-offs between possible benefits and harms. Objective: We sought to determine the survival benefits that clinical investigators would judge as sufficient to warrant treatment with adjuvant sorafenib in the SORCE trial after nephrectomy for apparently localised renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Methods: A subset of clinical investigators in the SORCE trial completed a validated questionnaire that elicited the minimum survival benefits they judged sufficient to warrant one year of adjuvant sorafenib in scenarios with hypothetical baseline survival times of 5 years and 15 years, and baseline survival rates at 5 years of 65% and 85%...