Veterinary Medicine

PURPOSE: The purpose of this research is to detect Newcastle disease virus and to assess the seropositivity among backyard, semi-intensive, and intensive farms located in central and southwestern areas of Ethiopia. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 239 oropharyngeal and cloacal swab samples were collected from symptomatic birds found in Holeta, Burayu, Jimma towns as well as Seka Chekorsa and Nadhigibe woredas of Jimma Zone. In addition, ninety blood samples were collected from wing veins of unvaccinated birds found in the study areas of Jimma zone...

BACKGROUND: Newcastle disease (ND) is a highly infectious poultry disease that causes major economic losses worldwide. The disease is caused by Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV) and early detection and identification of the viral strain is essential. Having knowledge of the NDV strain genotype that circulates in some regions would help in designing an effective vaccine to control the disease. In this regard, there is little information on NDV strain in chickens in mid Rift Valley and the central part of Ethiopia...

INTRODUCTION: Schistosomiasis is caused by the Schistosoma genus and is transmitted through intermediate hosts, such as snails. METHODS: A cross-sectional investigation was conducted within and surrounding Haramaya town between December 2022 and May 2023 to estimate the prevalence of schistosomiasis in cattle and associated risk factors. The degree of prevalence was estimated using surveys carried out in slaughterhouses and coprological laboratories. For statistical estimation, chi-square tests and logistic regression were utilized...

BACKGROUND: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global threat to public and animal health. Escherichia coli is considered an indicator organism for monitoring AMR among gram-negative Enterobacteriaceae in humans and animals. The current study aims to assess the antibiogram profile of E. coli isolated from dairy cattle and in-contact humans in central Ethiopia and to identify risk factors associated with multidrug resistance (MDR). METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted in which 58 farms were recruited from selected districts of central Ethiopia...

Listeriosis is an important foodborne zoonotic disease affecting humans and animals in Ethiopia. This review aims to synthesize the epidemiology, prevalence, distribution, and antimicrobial resistance of Listeria species in the country. The literature reveals a widespread occurrence of Listeria infection in humans, animals, and food products, with an average prevalence of 21.6% for Listeria species and 6.9% for L. monocytogenes . Three sequence types (STs) of L. monocytogenes (2, 145, and 18) and twelve STs of L...

BACKGROUND: The intentional and illegal misrepresentation of fake medications involves falsely indicating their source. These fraudulent medications can include products that contain either accurate or incorrect ingredients, lack proper labeling, have insufficient quantities of ingredients, and are packaged with counterfeit packaging. This unlawful activity has led to treatment failures, the development of antibiotic resistance, adverse effects, and even deaths. Hence, the objective of this study was to assess the knowledge, practice, and regulatory status of veterinary drug experts in the central Gondar zone of Ethiopia regarding counterfeit veterinary medications...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Staphylococcus aureus is a common pathogen responsible for causing various human and animal infections and is well known for its ability to develop resistance to multiple antibiotics. This study aimed to evaluate the occurrence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureu s (MRSA) in bulk milk and dairy farms in northwestern Ethiopia and to determine their phenotypic and genotypic antimicrobial susceptibility patterns. METHODS: We collected 50 bulk milk samples from 50 dairy farms and 50 hand swabs from dairy milkers...

BACKGROUND: Infectious bronchitis (IB) is an economically important disease in poultry with worldwide distribution. The occurrence of IB has been reported both in commercial and backyard poultry in Ethiopia, although comprehensive information lacks available prevalence of the disease and the circulating serotypes. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted from November 2021 to June 2022 in seven commercial farms found in East Shewa, Central Ethiopia. Serological assay using indirect ELISA, virus isolation techniques in embryonated eggs, and molecular techniques such as one-step reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) targeting a 466 bp S1 gene were employed...

BACKGROUND: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is one of the top global public health and economic threats. The use of antimicrobials (AMs) in animal production is a major contributor to the development of AMR globally. Animal health professionals (AHPs) play a key role in ensuring judicious use of AMs. OBJECTIVE: To assess the knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) of antimicrobial usage (AMU) and AMR among healthcare professionals in Nekemte town, Leka Dulecha and Sibu Sire districts...

BACKGROUND: Dairy cows get mastitis from a common infection called Staphylococcus aureus. Because of its broad distribution across diverse populations and capacity to acquire antibiotic resistance, this particular bacterial strain presents a serious threat to public health. The main goals of this study were to determine the beta-lactam resistance profile of S. aureus in Ethiopian dairy cows and to offer thorough epidemiological data. METHODS: We employed manual searches, Web of Science, PubMed Central, and Google Scholar HINARI for electronic bibliographic data...

INTRODUCTION: Toxic plants are plant species that cause harmful consequences to animals, including physical discomfort, decreased productivity, and death after being consumed or absorbed. OBJECTIVE: The study aimed to identify toxic plants in the area, assess their consequences, identify factors causing livestock predisposition to toxic plants, and identify control and prevention methods. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted from July 2019 to June 2021 in the Dire, Dubluk, Yabello, and Moyale districts of the Borana Zone and to collect quantitative and qualitative data, a semi-structured questionnaire and focus group discussions (FGDs) were used...

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common inflammatory and pruritic allergic skin disease in humans and dogs worldwide. The pathogenesis of AD is multifactorial, immunologically complex, and may involve genetic factors, epidermal barrier dysfunction, microbiome changes, immune dysregulation, and allergic sensitization. Across species, prevalence of AD is on the rise. At present, there is no cure for canine AD (CAD). The treatment for CAD is multifaceted and aimed at controlling the pruritus, associated inflammation, and infections, repairing the skin barrier function, and dietary management...

Dairy farming faces a significant challenge of bacterial infections in dairy calves, which can have detrimental effects on their health and productivity. This review offers a comprehensive overview of the most prevalent bacterial infections in dairy calves, including Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium, Salmonella dublin, Salmonella enterica, Clostridium perfringens, Pasteurella multocida, Listeria monocytogenes, Mycoplasma bovis , and Haemophilus somnus . These pathogens can cause various clinical signs and symptoms, leading to diarrhea, respiratory distress, septicemia, and even mortality...

PURPOSE: Brucellosis is one of the most important reproductive diseases that cause abortion and breeding failure in small ruminants in Ethiopia. Therefore, our objective was to detect the seropositivity and risk factors of Brucella infection in small ruminants with history of abortion using modified RBPT, cELISA, and CFT in the Amibara district of the Afar Region, Ethiopia. METHODS: Sera were collected from 226 animals (195 goats and 31ewes) and assessed for seropositivity of Brucella infection using modified RBPT, CFT, and competitive ELISA...

BACKGROUND: Pneumonic pasteurellosis is a respiratory system disease of sheep caused by Mannheimia haemolytica, Pasteurella multocida , and Bibersteinia trehalosi responsible for the low productivity and economic loss resulting from death and treatment costs. This study was conducted to isolate and molecularly detect causative agents and antibiotic susceptibility tests from a nasal swab sample of the Bonga sheep breed that was suspected to have pneumonic pasteurellosis in selected areas of Southwest Ethiopian Peoples Regional State...

INTRODUCTION: Trematodiases cause significant financial losses to livestock worldwide and some of which are zoonotic, raising public health concerns. In Rwanda, information on the prevalence of bovine trematodiases is scanty, and this hampers efforts to control and prevent them in the country. METHODS: This cross-sectional study aimed to determine the prevalence of bovine trematodiases in Nyagatare district and associated risk factors. One hundred cattle were randomly selected for this study and faecal samples were collected directly from the rectum to identify trematode eggs using a simple sedimentation technique...

PURPOSE: We investigated the fecal carriage of antimicrobial resistant Escherichia coli and potential practices influencing antimicrobial resistance (AMR) dynamics among poultry farm settings in Mukono District, Uganda. METHODS: Twenty-nine commercial layer farms were visited and samples collected from 10 birds. The samples were then subjected to culture and sensitivity testing. The investigative framework for antimicrobial stewardship practices (IFAP) was used as a participatory tool to generate data through interviews and observations on antimicrobial use, drivers for use, players, and actions following non-responsive treatment outcomes...

Eukaryotic infections are common among dairy calves and can have significant impacts on their health and growth rates. Fungal infections caused by Aspergillus fumigatus, Trichophyton verrucosum , and Candida albicans can cause respiratory diseases, dermatophytosis, and diarrhea, respectively. Protozoan parasites, including Cryptosporidium parvum, Giardia duodenalis , and Eimeria spp ., are also common in dairy calves. C. parvum is highly contagious and can cause severe diarrhea and dehydration, while Giardia duodenalis can lead to poor growth and is transmissible to humans through contaminated food or water...

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Anthelmintic resistance (AR) in gastrointestinal nematodes (GINs) is currently present worldwide and a major challenge to goat production. However, no updated information is available on this topic in the study area. Thus, this study evaluated the efficacy of commonly used anthelmintics on GINs in naturally-infected goats and assessed farmers' perception of anthelmintic utilization practices in Humbo district, Southern Ethiopia. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The field experiments for routinely used anthelmintics, namely, albendazole, ivermectin, and tetramisole, were conducted from September 2022 to April 2023...

INTRODUCTION: Gastrointestinal tract nematodes are considered to be the most significant and underestimated problems that hinder sheep productivity. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate the epidemiology of gastrointestinal tract nematode infestation of sheep in the Toke Kutaye District of West Shoa Zone, Ethiopia. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the prevalence and risk factors associated with gastrointestinal tract nematode parasite infestation in sheep...