Yasunobu Komoto, Akiyo Shoun, Kumiko Akiyama, Akira Sakamoto, Taku Sato, Naoyuki Nishimura, Kikunori Shinohara, Hitoshi Ishida, Nobuo Makino
BACKGROUND: A scale aimed at measuring ambivalence among people with pachinko/pachi-slot playing disorder, the Pachinko/Pachi-Slot Playing Ambivalence Scale (PPAS), was developed and its reliability and validity ascertained. METHODS: A total of 522 participants (average year: 48.0) who were residing in Tokyo Metropolitan Area, and had played pachinko within the previous year completed questions relating to demographics, four gambling-related scales (including South Oaks Gambling Screen) and two general ambivalence scales (including Ambivalence over Emotional Expressiveness Questionnaire)...
2017: Asian Journal of Gambling Issues and Public Health