journal
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38243421/clinical-rationale-and-indications-for-particle-therapy
#1
REVIEW
Constantin Dreher, Stephanie E Combs
Particle therapy is characterized by distinct physical properties leading to a reduction of integral dose compared to photons. While protons have an almost comparable biological effect, carbon ions and other heavier charged particles offer an increased relative biological effectiveness. The potential clinical benefit has been pointed out by several groups. Most likely, for protons, children have the largest margin of benefit since their normal tissue is very sensitive to radiation, and curative treatments lead to extremely long-term survivors having a lot of scope for long-term side effects...
2017: Progress in Tumor Research
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38243420/advances-in-radiation-biology-of-particle-irradiation
#2
REVIEW
Alexander Helm, Walter Tinganelli, Marco Durante
The increasing number of centers providing proton or carbon beam therapy underlines the growing importance of charged particle therapy within the spectrum of cancer radiotherapy. Whereas protons are more widely used around the world, carbon ions, which are known to bear a higher efficacy as compared to protons, are still neglected to some extent, especially due to a lack of clinical data on adverse side effects. Yet, an increasing amount of clinical data indicates the distinguished efficacy of carbon ion therapy...
2017: Progress in Tumor Research
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38243419/imageable-biomarkers-for-radiotherapy-response
#3
REVIEW
W Woliner-van der Weg, P N Span, P M Braam, J Bussink
Ideally, each patient with a malignancy who is eligible for radiation therapy should receive the most tumoricidal form of this this treatment with the lowest possible risk of toxicity. To overcome radiotherapy resistance, some patients would benefit from a more aggressive approach. This could be treatment intensification, for example by acceleration of the treatment to prevent the negative effects of accelerated tumor cell proliferation, or by boosting certain areas to specifically address intrinsic radioresistance, or a combination of radiotherapy with, for example, a hypoxic cell sensitizer or chemotherapy to reduce the radiotherapy resistance caused by hypoxia...
2017: Progress in Tumor Research
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38243418/stereotactic-body-radiotherapy
#4
REVIEW
Matthias Guckenberger
No abstract text is available yet for this article.
2017: Progress in Tumor Research
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38243417/imaging-for-target-volume-definition-and-response-assessment-in-lung-cancer
#5
REVIEW
Dirk De Ruysscher, Wouter van Elmpt
Target volume definition is of obvious importance in successful radiotherapy. Single-energy CT scans remain the standard, but FDG-PET-CT scans aid the determination of which lymph nodes should be included in the gross tumor volume and to fine-tune areas of cancer involvement. FDG-PET-CT imaging remains the gold standard in clinical practice. Hypoxia and proliferation tracers are still investigational, as is PET-guided redistribution of the radiation dose within the tumor. Contrast-enhanced CT as well as 4D CT scans contain information such as the characteristics of the lungs that are related to individual radiosensitivity, ventilation, and perfusion...
2017: Progress in Tumor Research
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38243416/principles-and-developments-in-cancer-immunotherapy-and-approaches-for-combination-with-tumour-irradiation
#6
REVIEW
Franziska Eckert, Stephan Huber
Different immunotherapy concepts developed over recent decades include immune checkpoint inhibition, vaccination, and T cell-engaging therapies, as well as effectors on the immunosuppressive tumour microenvironment. For all these immunotherapy approaches, combination studies with tumour irradiation have been performed in vivo and in the clinic. The results point towards possible opportunities for combination therapies to improve patient outcome.
2017: Progress in Tumor Research
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38243415/advances-in-technology-and-its-application-radiotherapy-treatment-planning
#7
REVIEW
Markus Alber
Treatment planning for radiotherapy has become unthinkable without computer algorithms for dose optimization. Although the need for optimization algorithms originated from the complexity of treatment delivery technology such as intensity-modulated radiotherapy, volumetric-modulated arc therapy, and robotic stereotactic radiotherapy, the focus has shifted to refining goals and methods of optimization itself. Dose optimization chiefly advances in 3 directions: human interface and automation, compensation of changing patient geometries, and diversification/individualization of radiation dose prescription...
2017: Progress in Tumor Research
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38243414/targeting-tumor-microenvironment-and-metabolism-to-overcome-radiation-resistance
#8
REVIEW
Ashish Sharma, Martin Pruschy
The tumor microenvironment comprises multiple different cell types and structural and functional components, and defines a unique tumor milieu on the individual tumor level. Several biological processes in the microenvironment are pivotal for tumor growth, like the formation of an intact tumor vasculature and the composition of the extracellular matrix. Furthermore, tumor heterogeneity also derives from the complex and dynamic interactions of the tumor cells with the stromal compartment during tumor growth and in response to treatment, and thereby represents a major treatment hurdle...
2017: Progress in Tumor Research
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38243413/preclinical-mouse-models-for-the-evaluation-of-novel-techniques-in-particle-therapy
#9
REVIEW
Thomas Ernst Schmid, Gabriele Multhoff
Preclinical mouse models that allow the evaluation of novel techniques in radiotherapy using charged particles like protons or heavier ions are discussed here. Focused beams of protons or carbon ions offer distinct physical characteristics that might contribute to an overall improved risk-benefit profile in radiotherapy. In the last decade, novel concepts in radiotherapy aimed to optimize the delivery of high radiation doses to the tumor while sparing the surrounding healthy tissue. 2D in vitro tumor cell cultures provide experimental models to determine the radiosensitivity of isolated cells to different radiation qualities...
2017: Progress in Tumor Research
https://read.qxmd.com/read/27595362/sarcomas-of-soft-tissue-and-bone
#10
REVIEW
Andrea Ferrari, Uta Dirksen, Stefan Bielack
The definition of soft tissue and bone sarcomas include a large group of several heterogeneous subtypes of mesenchymal origin that may occur at any age. Among the different sarcomas, rhabdomyosarcoma, synovial sarcoma, Ewing sarcoma and osteosarcoma are aggressive high-grade malignancies that often arise in adolescents and young adults. Managing these malignancies in patients in this age bracket poses various clinical problems, also because different therapeutic approaches are sometimes adopted by pediatric and adult oncologists, even though they are dealing with the same condition...
2016: Progress in Tumor Research
https://read.qxmd.com/read/27595361/germ-cell-tumors-in-adolescents-and-young-adults
#11
REVIEW
Gabriele Calaminus, Jonathan Joffe
Germ cell tumors (GCTs) represent a group of biologically complex malignancies that affect patients at different sites within the body and at different ages. The varying nature of these tumors reflects their cell of origin which is the primordial germ cell, which normally gives rise to ovarian and testicular egg and sperm producing cells. These cells retain an ability to give rise to all types of human tissues, and this is illustrated by the different kinds of GCTs that occur. In adolescent and young adult (AYA) patients, GCTs predominantly present as testicular, ovarian or mediastinal primary GCTs, and represent some of the most complex therapeutic challenges within any AYA practice...
2016: Progress in Tumor Research
https://read.qxmd.com/read/27595360/lymphoma-in-adolescents-and-young-adults
#12
REVIEW
Laurence Brugières, Pauline Brice
Lymphomas are one of the commonest malignancies in adolescents and young adults (AYA) accounting respectively for 22% of all cancers in patients aged 15-24 years (16% for Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) and 6% for non-HL (NHL)). The distribution of NHL subtypes in this age group differs strikingly from the distribution in children and in older adults with 4 main subtypes accounting for the majority of the cases: diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) including primary mediastinal B-cell lymphoma, Burkitt lymphoma, lymphoblastic lymphoma or anaplastic large cell lymphoma...
2016: Progress in Tumor Research
https://read.qxmd.com/read/27595359/leukemia
#13
REVIEW
Gunnar Juliusson, Rachael Hough
Leukemias are a group of life threatening malignant disorders of the blood and bone marrow. In the adolescent and young adult (AYA) population, the acute leukemias are most prevalent, with chronic myeloid leukemia being infrequently seen. Factors associated with more aggressive disease biology tend to increase in frequency with increasing age, whilst tolerability of treatment strategies decreases. There are also challenges regarding the effective delivery of therapy specific to the AYA group, consequences on the unique psychosocial needs of this age group, including compliance...
2016: Progress in Tumor Research
https://read.qxmd.com/read/27595358/pediatric-cancers-and-brain-tumors-in-adolescents-and-young-adults
#14
REVIEW
Martin G McCabe, Dominique Valteau-Couanet
Embryonal tumors classically occur in young children, some principally within the first year of life. Prospective national and international clinical trials during recent decades have brought about progressive improvements in survival, and associated biological studies have advanced our understanding of tumor biology, in some cases allowing biological tumor characteristics to be harnessed for therapeutic benefit. Embryonal tumors continue to occur, albeit less commonly, during childhood, adolescence and throughout adulthood...
2016: Progress in Tumor Research
https://read.qxmd.com/read/27595357/adult-cancers-in-adolescents-and-young-adults
#15
REVIEW
Valérie Laurence, Maria Marples, Daniel P Stark
The pattern of cancer seen in young people changes with increasing age, transitioning from childhood- to adult-type cancer in adolescence and the third decade. The risk factors, presentation and biology of cancer in young adults differ from those in the older adult population. Factors of particular significance in adolescents and young adults (AYAs) include genetic predisposition to adult-type cancer, diagnostic uncertainty, long-term morbidity and considerations of fertility. New systemic therapies are being introduced that can prolong life and even increase the chance of cure, but the impact on AYAs is uncertain, as these patients are often under-represented in clinical trials...
2016: Progress in Tumor Research
https://read.qxmd.com/read/27595356/collaboration-and-networking
#16
REVIEW
O Husson, E Manten-Horst, W T A van der Graaf
Awareness of the need for collaboration across pediatric and adult cancer to care for adolescents and young adults (AYAs) arose from the recognition of the unique characteristics of AYAs with cancer. Neither pediatric nor adult oncology hospital departments are able to provide age-appropriate care single handedly. The best way to bridge the gap in care of AYA cancer patients is to centralize aspects of their care within dedicated AYA care programs, including the following essential components: provision of developmentally appropriate and multidisciplinary (supportive) care, availability of AYA inpatient and outpatient facilities and healthcare professional AYA expertise as collaboration between adult and pediatric departments...
2016: Progress in Tumor Research
https://read.qxmd.com/read/27595355/increasing-access-to-clinical-trials-and-innovative-therapy-for-teenagers-and-young-adults-with-cancer-a-multiple-stakeholders-and-multiple-steps-process
#17
REVIEW
Nathalie Gaspar, Lorna Fern
The inclusion of teenagers and young adults (TYAs) in cancer clinical trials is focal point for many countries with a specific TYA program. This objective has arisen from data which suggests that lower trial entry may, in part, contribute to lesser survival gains observed in this group when compared to children and some older adult cancers. In this chapter, we discuss obstacles to clinical trials and innovative therapies for TYA. Limited clinical trial availability is discussed in the context of the rarity of TYA cancers and our limited understanding of cancer biology in this group, other obstacles include inappropriate age eligibility criteria, limited accessibility to available trials, a lack of physicians and patients awareness and poor acceptability of trial design...
2016: Progress in Tumor Research
https://read.qxmd.com/read/27595354/long-term-follow-up-and-survivorship
#18
REVIEW
Aimilia Tsirou, Lars Hjorth
Within this chapter, we begin with the invaluable context of the experience of living after cancer as a young person. Then we move to describe the growing body of data indicating the consequences of cancer in patients diagnosed aged as teenagers and young adults (YAs). We identify that, while the variation in definitions used in the literature hamper firm conclusions, specific patterns of substantial morbidity are observed which are distinct from those seen in younger children. When combined with the epidemiology, the overall burden of late effects of adolescents and YA cancer and its treatment are a substantial public health problem...
2016: Progress in Tumor Research
https://read.qxmd.com/read/27595353/supportive-care
#19
REVIEW
Pia Riis Olsen, Rosalía Lorenzo
This chapter takes its point of departure in psychosocial aspects of supportive care in adolescent and young adult cancer care. The purpose is to describe some of the challenges that these young people face following a cancer diagnosis and guide healthcare professionals in how to provide care that improves the quality of life. In most hospitals and healthcare systems, adolescents and young adults are cared for and treated in settings for children or adults. Accordingly, healthcare professionals may lack attention to and knowledge about what characterize young peoples' life situation, their special needs and how to meet them...
2016: Progress in Tumor Research
https://read.qxmd.com/read/27595352/epidemiology-of-adolescents-and-young-adults-with-cancer-in-europe
#20
REVIEW
Emmanuel Desandes, Daniel P Stark
To design the services for adolescents and young adults (AYAs) with cancer, we need to understand the patterns of disease and the other clinical and managerial challenges of the patient group. Cancer occurring between the ages of 15 and 39 years is 4 times less rare than cancer occurring during the first 15 years of life and consists of 2% of all invasive cancer in Europe, about 66,000 patients in Europe each year. AYAs have a unique distribution of cancer types, including the peak in incidence of Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) or germ cell tumors...
2016: Progress in Tumor Research
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