Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences

BACKGROUND: Depression and anxiety are common among hemodialysis patients and affect their treatment outcomes. Dialysis adequacy also affects the hemodialysis patients' survival rates. OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to evaluate the correlation between anxiety and depression with dialysis adequacy. PATIENTS AND METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, 127 hemodialysis patients (73 males, 57.5%) with the mean age of 55.7 ± 17.5 were enrolled. Demographic and recent laboratory data were collected using self-administered questionnaires and by reviewing medical records...

BACKGROUND: Hookah smoking has increased worldwide, especially among young people. OBJECTIVES: The aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence of hookah use and related factors in a sample of Iranian students of medical sciences. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 1992 randomly selected sample of students of Tehran University of Medical Sciences during 2012 - 2013. A multistage sampling method was used and anonymous structured questionnaires were distributed to the students of each selected class...

BACKGROUND: Patients with heart failure (HF) older than 65 years have a two-fold increased risk of cognitive impairment than elders without HF. Identifying factors affecting cognitive impairment in HF may present targets for intervention. OBJECTIVES: The aim of the present study was to determine cognitive function and related factors among elderly patients with heart failure. PATIENTS AND METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, 184 elderly patients with heart failure were selected from four Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences teaching hospitals using convenience sampling...

To explore the components of marital satisfaction in a group of 35 Iranian mothers of six to twelve years old children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in comparison with 35 mothers of normal children in Tehran, Iran, during year 2013, all mothers completed the demographic checklist and Golombok Rust inventory of marital satisfaction. Data were analyzed by performing descriptive statistics and independent t-test using the SPSS software version 21. There was no statistically significant difference between scores of marital satisfaction (P = 0...

BACKGROUND: Striae are a common change during pregnancy, leaving striae in various body parts after delivery, which most women find unpleasant. They create a big aesthetic concern for most women. Although striae do not endanger the mother and the fetus, they may cause a desire to scratch the region leading to small wounds, induce stress over beauty, decrease self-confidence, and create psychological disorders. They may try various treatments and often refer to dermatology clinics and receive long-term treatments; these time-consuming and costly behaviors and may affect their quality of life...

BACKGROUND: Body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) is a distressing psychiatric disorder. So far there have not been any studies on BDD in Saudi Arabia. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of body dysmorphic disorder in female medical students and to investigate whether there is an association between BDD and body features of concern, social anxiety and symptoms of BDD. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross sectional study was carried out on female medical students of the college of medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia during January to April, 2015...

BACKGROUND: Social anxiety disorder is often related to specific impairment or distress in different areas of life, including occupational, social and family settings. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the present study was to examine the psychometric properties of the persian version of the social anxiety-acceptance and action questionnaire (SA-AAQ) in university students. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, 324 students from Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences participated via the cluster sampling method during year 2015...

BACKGROUND: Medication treatment compliance among bipolar patients is quite widespread. OBJECTIVES: Treatment compliance depends on multiple factors. The aim of this study was to evaluate the predicting factors of noncompliance in patients with bipolar I disorder admitted to an Iranian hospital during a six-month follow up period. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This cross-sectional study included 47 bipolar I disorder subjects who were admitted to the Iran psychiatric hospital and that were chosen using a non-randomized convenient sampling model...

BACKGROUND: Death anxiety among elderly is a major public health concern. Few studies, however, have been conducted on factors associated with death anxiety. OBJECTIVES: This study investigated race and gender differences in psychosocial correlates of death anxiety among elderly in the US. MATERIALS AND METHODS: With a cross-sectional design, we used data of the Religion, Aging, and Health survey. 1,074 White and Black elderly (age > 65 years, 615 women, 359 men) were entered to this study...

CONTEXT: Agent abuse is a dire predicament worldwide. Learning and memory deficits stemming from the withdrawal of such agents is an increasingly burning issue for researchers. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION: The present review revisits the literature generated by far pertaining to the research on memory and cognition deficiencies after withdrawal of agent abuse and corresponding mechanisms. RESULTS: Deficiency on spatial memory, episodic memory and working memory are common after withdrawal of agent abuse...

BACKGROUND: The knowledge and attitude of parents about attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a public health issue in which management and rehabilitation approaches may be influenced. OBJECTIVES: The current study aimed to evaluate the knowledge and attitude of the parents of children with ADHD towards this disorder in Tabriz, Iran. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The current cross-sectional study evaluated 295 parents of children and adolescents with ADHD referred to psychiatric clinics of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences...

Background: Post-partum depression (PPD) can produce adverse symptoms that make motherhood one of the most tumultuous events in a female's life. First-time mothers who have problems adapting themselves to the mother's role are more vulnerable to PPD. Objectives: The current study aimed to explore the extent of social support and parental self-efficacy on PPD, this study was conducted among the first-time pregnant women. Patients and Methods: A prospective cohort study assessed the depressive symptoms and related factors among 838 first-time not depressed pregnant women from third trimester of pregnancy to 12 weeks postpartum who attended primary health centers (Jan to July 2009)...

CONTEXT: Suicide prevention is a health service priority. Some surveys have assessed suicidal behaviors and potential risk factors. OBJECTIVES: The current paper aimed to gather information about etiology of suicide attempts in Iran. DATA SOURCES: Pubmed, ISI web of science, PsychInfo, IranPsych, IranMedex, IranDoc as well as gray literature were searched. STUDY SELECTION: By electronic and gray literature search, 128 articles were enrolled in this paper...

BACKGROUND: The premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is characterized by intense physical and psychological changes. The most common symptoms include anxiety, depression, fatigue, anger, irritability, sense of being out of control, confusion, change in appetite and sleep, bloating and breast tenderness. The symptoms affect the quality of life of women, and cause impairment in many aspects of life. OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) on improvement of health-related quality of life in female students with premenstrual syndrome (PMS)...

BACKGROUND: Fitness is a very important goal among young adults that may lead to eating disorders. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to identify the factors influencing fitness intention based on the theory of planned behavior (TPB) and its relationship to eating attitudes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 231 female college students during the winter of 2012. Participants were randomly selected in proportion to their distribution among the different faculties at Hamadan University of Medical Sciences...

CONTEXT: The objective of the present review was to collect published spiritual needs questionnaires and to present a clear image of the research condition of this domain. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION: First, an electronic search was conducted with no limits on time span (until June 2015) or language in the following databases: PubMed, Scopus, Ovid, ProQuest and Google Scholar. All derivations of the keywords religion and spiritual alongside need and its synonyms were included in the search...

BACKGROUND: Visual impairment tends to evoke more discomfiture than any other disability. Primarily, the biggest issue may be that blindness is visible. Furthermore, visual impairment develops serious medical, psychological, social and economic problems. OBJECTIVES: The focus of the current study was to investigate the psychological and psycho physiological problems of visually impaired adolescent students. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Purposive sampling was adopted to select 150 visually impaired students (71 males and 72 females) from five schools in Coimbatore city of the Tamil Nadu state, India...

A 29-year-old woman with schizophrenia introduced for application of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for refractory visual hallucinations. Following inhibitory rTMS on visual cortex she reported significant reduction in severity and simplification of complexity of hallucinations, which lasted for three months. rTMS can be considered as a possibly potent treatment for visual hallucinations.

BACKGROUND: Reversal learning has proven to be a valuable task in assessing the inhibitory process that is central to executive control. Psycho-stimulants and music are prevalent factors that influence cognition. OBJECTIVES: The present study aimed at investigating the influences of dexamphetamine and music on inhibitory control. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This experimental study was conducted between May and June 2014 in the laboratory animal center of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran...

BACKGROUND: Self-esteem and behavioral consequences, which are due to external or internal locus of control, are effective on academic achievement of students. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to determine the prediction of locus of control and self-esteem in academic achievement among the students. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 300 college students in Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences in 2014...