International Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism

INTRODUCTION: Adrenal lymphoma is a rare condition which may occur in one of two forms; either as primary adrenal lymphoma (PAL), or secondary to a systemic lymphoma. Primary adrenal lymphoma is a very rare diagnosis and the most common histological pattern is diffuse large B-cell non‑Hodgkin lymphoma. OBJECTIVES: In this study, we represent two examples of adrenal lymphoma, primary and secondary. In addition, we have included a mini-review of the literature regarding this rare presentation...

BACKGROUND: Noninvasive risk prediction models have been widely used in various settings to identify individuals with undiagnosed diabetes. OBJECTIVES: We aimed to evaluate the discrimination, calibration, and clinical usefulness of the Finnish Diabetes Risk Score (FINDRISC) and Australian Diabetes Risk Assessment (AUSDRISK) to screen undiagnosed diabetes in Kerman, Iran. METHODS: We analyzed data from 2014 to 2018 in the second round of the Kerman Coronary Artery Disease Risk Factors Study (KERCADRS), Iran...

BACKGROUND: Considering the close link between metabolic syndrome (MetSyn) and cardiovascular diseases, considerable attention has been devoted to the identification of their shared underlying pathological mechanisms in recent decades. OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to investigate the association between pro-inflammatory factors and newly-diagnosed MetSyn. METHODS: This case-control study recruited obese and nonobese individuals who were newly diagnosed with MetSyn (cases, n = 84) and healthy individuals (controls, n = 83)...

BACKGROUND: The appropriate insulin injection skill is essential for optimal blood sugar control in patients with diabetes. However, the art of insulin injection is still not well understood in numerous medical centers. OBJECTIVES: This study was designed to determine the association between appropriate insulin injection and blood glucose control in patients with type 2 diabetes in Yazd, Iran. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 301 patients with type 2 diabetes who referred to Diabetes Research Center in Yazd within August 2020 to February 2021...

BACKGROUND: Thyroid hormones are essential for the growth and maintenance of hair follicles. Numerous studies have evaluated the relationship between thyroid disorders and hair loss. However, no study has assessed the dermoscopic results in patients with hypothyroidism and hair loss. OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to investigate dermoscopic findings of alopecia in patients with hypothyroidism. METHODS: This analytic cross-sectional study was performed on patients with hair loss referred to dermatology clinics of Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Iran...

CONTEXT: Findings from studies evaluating adverse pregnancy outcomes in pregnant women with subclinical hyperthyroidism are conflicting and inconclusive. OBJECTIVES: In this systematic review and meta-analysis, our aim was to evaluate the pooled odds ratio (OR) of adverse pregnancy outcomes in women with subclinical hyperthyroidism, compared to euthyroid women. DATA SOURCES: Scopus, PubMed (including Medline), and Web of Science databases were systemically searched for regaining published studies to January 2022 examining adverse pregnancy outcomes in women with subclinical hyperthyroidism...

INTRODUCTION: Subcutaneous insulin resistance syndrome (SIRS) is a rare condition in which patients poorly respond to subcutaneous (SC) insulin but maintain a normal response to intravenous (IV) insulin. The underlying pathophysiology remains elusive. Several treatment regimens have been tested for the management of SIRS, none of which included a sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitor (SGLT-2). CASE PRESENTATION: Two cases of type 1 diabetes initially achieved adequate glycemic control with subcutaneous insulin...

BACKGROUND: Electrolyte imbalances are common in COVID-19 infection and are associated with poor outcomes in hospitalized patients. OBJECTIVES: This study examined whether serum phosphate imbalances at admission are associated with mortality in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. METHODS: In this registry-based single-center retrospective cohort study, 1349 inpatients with COVID-19 were included from March 2020 to March 2021 in an academic hospital in Ilam (southwest Iran)...

INTRODUCTION: Paragangliomas are rare neuroendocrine tumors that arise from chromaffin cells. Often termed extra-adrenal pheochromocytomas, these tumors vary with regards to their functionality, location, and malignant potential. Mutations in the RET proto-oncogene are associated with multiple endocrine neoplasia syndrome type 2 (MEN-2) and paragangliomas. The phenotypes of the individual mutations are documented to help determine prognosis. CASE PRESENTATION: We report a case of a 64-year-old man with a history of parathyroid adenoma who developed a pancreatic retroperitoneal paraganglioma...

The literature review is an integral part of the research process, from developing research ideas to disseminating findings. It involves explaining, interpreting, and summarizing published materials around a topic to elaborate a research hypothesis/question, synthesize new concepts, identify knowledge gaps, develop new theories, and identify new research directions. Effective reading and processing of the literature (i.e., analyzing and synthesizing) and actual writing of the literature (verbal or non-verbal output, e...

BACKGROUND: Due to the worldwide spread of COVID-19, various countries have designed scientific studies on different aspects of the disease. Patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) have been proven to be at higher risk of COVID-19-related complications, hospitalization, and death. OBJECTIVES: The aim was to conduct a scientometric analysis of scholarly outputs on diabetes and COVID-19. METHODS: Web of Science was searched for scientific publications on diabetes and COVID-19 by Middle Eastern researchers until September 14, 2021...

BACKGROUND: The model of obesity-induced insulin resistance has long been used to explain the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in obese individuals (body mass index (BMI) > 25 kg/m2 ), but this model failed to explain the development of the disease in lean individuals (BMI < 18.5 kg/m2 ). Defects in the insulin signaling pathway have been postulated to play a role in these patients, particularly in suppressors of cytokine signaling (SOCS) proteins, which are involved in the downregulation of insulin transduction...

BACKGROUND: Surgery for pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma (PPGL) can lead to life-threatening complications, such as intraoperative hypertensive crises, even when adequate doses of preoperative α-receptor blockades are administered. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to identify preoperative factors associated with intraoperative maximum arterial pressure (AP) in patients with PPGL. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the cases of 61 PPGL patients who underwent surgical resection in our hospital between 2006 and 2020...

BACKGROUND: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is associated with cardiometabolic changes, and menopause exacerbates these conditions, leading to a greater risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). The G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER), which mediates the rapid effects of estrogen, has beneficial cardiac effects in both T2DM and menopause, but its mechanism of action is not well understood. OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to determine whether G1 as a selective GPER-agonist has beneficial effects on cardiac lipid metabolism in ovariectomized rats with T2DM...

Objectives: This study was performed to investigate whether social support and other psychological predictors were associated with physical activity during the prolonged social isolation due to the coronavirus disease 2019 outbreak in Iran. Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on 494 individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D) in a diabetes specialty clinic. The questionnaire package comprised five parts, including sociodemographic and clinical characteristics, physical activity level, diabetes-specific social support, feelings of isolation, and diabetes-related distress...

INTRODUCTION: Osteoporosis-pseudoglioma syndrome (OPPG) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by severe osteoporosis and eye abnormalities that leads to vision loss. In this study, we report the outcome of a short period of treatment with teriparatide in one patient with OPPG. CASE PRESENTATION: The patient was a 17-year-old girl who suffered a bone fracture at the age of two and was diagnosed with OPPG at the age of three. Genetic testing was performed for the patient, and a novel homozygous nonsense mutation (c...

Background: Metabolic syndrome is a cluster of elements linked with type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease (CVD). The early detection of individuals at the risk of developing metabolic syndrome can prevent the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus and CVD. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the association of the lipid accumulation product (LAP) and triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index with metabolic syndrome among young adults. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 300 young adults within the age range of 20 - 40 years...

Background: Embryonic life is critical for the formation of ovaries in mammals, and the intrauterine environment may affect ovarian reserve. Objectives: The present study aimed to investigate the impact of prenatal D-galactose exposure on ovarian reserve in female rat offspring in their later lives. Methods: Ten pregnant Wistar rats were randomly divided into two groups. In one group, rats were fed with 35% D-galactose-enriched food from the third day to the end of pregnancy, and in the other group, rats were fed with a standard diet throughout pregnancy...

Background: Body image is known as an important factor affecting different aspects of adolescents' health; however, its relationship with lifestyle, body mass index (BMI), and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in Iranian adolescents has not been addressed in a conceptual model. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the network associations among body image, lifestyle, BMI, and HRQoL in adolescent boys and girls. Methods: The present study examined 760 adolescents (15 - 18 years) from Tehran...

CONTEXT: Thyrotoxicosis may be associated with a better sense of well-being than in the euthyroid state, though this is not widely recognised. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION: A comprehensive literature search in PubMed and Google Scholar, was performed to identify studies investigating factors influencing well-being, mood, and psychological features associated with elevated thyroid hormones. RESULTS: Enhanced well-being associated with thyrotoxicosis has been described, although the evidence is observational and anecdotal...