Orthopedic Research and Reviews

PURPOSE: Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is a common condition characterized by compression of the median nerve (MN) within the carpal tunnel. Accurate diagnosis and assessment of CTS severity are crucial for appropriate management decisions. This study aimed to investigate the combined diagnostic utility of B-mode ultrasound (US) and shear wave elastography (SWE) for assessing the severity of CTS in comparison to electrodiagnostic tests (EDT). MATERIALS AND METHODS: This prospective observational study was conducted over 9-month periods at a tertiary care hospital...

BACKGROUND: Cruciate-retaining (CR) total knee arthroplasty (TKA) may provide better physiological knee kinematics, proprioception, and quadricep recovery than posterior-stabilized (PS) TKA. Therefore, we hypothesized that CR TKA with multimodal pain control may provide comparable postoperative pain and recovery as unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA). METHODS: This study included patients with isolated medial compartment knee osteoarthritis who underwent CR TKA and UKA...

BACKGROUND: Historically, Metal-Backed (MB) glenoid components in anatomical total Shoulder arthroplasty (aTSA) are prone to failure primarily due to loosening between the metal and bony surface. However, newer generations of MB glenoid components have performed well in reverse shoulder arthroplasty (RSA), with convertibility being considered to be the most significant benefit of MB components. Theoretically, MB components may be a viable option in "Rotator cuff at risk" cases. The aim of this study is to compare revisions versus revision-free survivorship and highlight problems associated with using convertible MB glenoid components in aTSA...

BACKGROUND: While osteoporosis increases the risk of fragility fractures, bisphosphonate has been proven to increase bone strength and reduce the risk of vertebral and non-vertebral fractures. In addition to its efficacy, substituting the brand with generic medication is a strategy to optimize healthcare expenditures. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of generic alendronate treatment and assess potential adverse events in patients with osteoporosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective review was conducted on 120 patients who met the indications for osteoporosis treatment, received weekly generic alendronate (70 mg) for >1 year, and underwent evaluation through standard axial dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA)...

BACKGROUND: External fixation is one of the most often utilized treatment options for complicated tibial diaphyseal fractures (TDF). The purpose of this study was to assess the efficacy of unilateral external fixators as primary and definitive therapy for complex TDF in a resource-limited setting. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective study between June 2016 and March 2021 included 110 subjects with TDF who were treated with an external fixator as definitive fixation in hospitals affiliated with Ibb University...

PURPOSE: To compare the patient-reported outcomes between patients with posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) reconstruction or repair alone versus PCL reconstruction or repair with internal bracing (IB) in the context of multi-ligament knee injuries (MLKI). METHODS: All patients who underwent surgical management of MLKI at two institutions between 2006 and 2020 were retrospectively identified and offered participation in the study. Patient reported outcomes were measured via three instruments: Lysholm Knee score, Multiligament Quality of Life (ML-QOL), and the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) computer adaptive testing (CAT)...

INTRODUCTION: The patellofemoral joint is a complex joint that plays a crucial role in knee joint function and stability. This study aims to describe the MRI characteristics of the patellofemoral joint in Vietnamese adults. SUBJECTS AND METHODOLOGY: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 280 patients at Hue UMP Hospital from May 2020 to May 2021. All patients underwent knee MRI using Siemens Magnetom Amira 1.5 Tesla. The evaluation parameters included the morphology of the patella and the femoral trochlea...

PURPOSE: To report the development of a new sacroiliac joint (SIJ) arthrodesis system that can be used for isolated fusion of the SIJ and, unlike known implant systems, in combination with lumbar instrumentation or as an alternative to existing sacropelvic fixation (SPF) methods, and the patient-reported outcomes in two cases. MATERIALS AND METHODS: After a comprehensive review of 207 pelvic computed tomography (CT) datasets, an implant body was designed. Its shape was modeled based on the SIJ recess...

Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) stands as a degenerative ailment with a substantial and escalating prevalence. The practice of traditional Chinese non-pharmacological therapy has become a prevalent complementary and adjunctive approach. A mounting body of evidence suggests its efficacy in addressing KOA. Recent investigations have delved into its underlying mechanism, yielding some headway. Consequently, this comprehensive analysis seeks to encapsulate the clinical application and molecular mechanism of traditional Chinese non-pharmacological therapy in KOA treatment...

PURPOSE: The main objective of this study was to provide a description and classification of lumbosacral spine injuries based on the new AOSpine classification system. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 75 patients with lumbosacral spine trauma who were admitted to Hue University of Medicine and Pharmacy Hospital in Hue, Vietnam, between April 2021 and July 2022. All patients underwent lumbosacral computed tomography, and each injured vertebra was classified according to the AOSpine classification system...

This review compares internal fixation versus arthroplasty in the treatment of nondisplaced femoral neck fractures (FNFs) calling attention to evolving areas of consensus that influence clinical decision-making. The Garden classification system, typically dichotomized into nondisplaced (types I and II) and displaced (types III and IV) fractures, has been used as a guide for surgical decision-making. Conventionally, treatment of nondisplaced FNF in the elderly has been with internal fixation, and treatment of a displaced FNF has been hemi-, or more recently total hip, arthroplasty...

BACKGROUND: Low molecular heparin(LMWH) and sodium sulfadiazine heparin(FPX) are commonly used to prevent deep vein thrombosis(DVT) after total hip arthroplasty(THA). In this study, we compared the role of these drugs in preventing DVT after THA. METHODS: Patients who underwent unilateral THA at the Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University from April 2020 to December 2022 were retrospectively analyzed for inclusion in this study. According to the anticoagulant drugs used, the patients were divided into LMWH group (n=106) and FPX group (n=97)...

Despite early reports of high failure rates in knee ligament repair techniques resulting in favor of reconstruction, newer advances in surgical technology have shifted the attention back to repair with the addition of various tissue augmentation techniques. Ligament repair preserves proprioceptors in the native ligament and avoids autograft tendon harvest, minimizing the complications associated with donor site ruptures in reconstruction techniques. Tissue augmentation has been successfully used in knee ligamentous and tendon repair procedures, as well as in some upper extremity procedures...

BACKGROUND: The number of patients with lumbar disc herniation in China is increasing year by year. Percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy (PELD) is currently the main surgical method for treating lumbar disc herniation (LDH). However, with the increase in the number of surgical cases, the number of patients with recurrent lumbar disc herniation (RLDH) is also increasing. Currently, the common method in China is lumbar fusion surgery, but this surgery would cause the loss of fusion segment mobility and considerable postoperative complications...

INTRODUCTION: Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP) is a rare, slow-growing, and locally aggressive soft tissue tumor with a high recurrence rate and metastatic potential, even with the proper treatment. METHODS: This was a retrospective (case series) study that took place at King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, to determine the outcomes of and appropriate margin excision for DFSP. All patients who were diagnosed with DFSP from 2016 to 2021 were included...

CASE: We present a case of acute unstable valgus slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE) in an 8-year-old female who presented after a trip and fall. The patient was managed with emergent closed reduction and percutaneous screw fixation and prophylactic fixation of contralateral side after 6 weeks. At 18-month follow-up, the patient was symptom free with a good range of movement and no evidence of slip progression, chondrolysis or avascular necrosis of the femoral head. CONCLUSION: We demonstrate that, in this case, closed reduction and percutaneous fixation provided satisfactory outcome at 18-month follow-up...

OBJECTIVE: Clinical outcome data for the novel minced cartilage procedure are sparse. While good results have been shown for the knee joint, this is the first report in the current literature regarding this increasingly important procedure in the glenohumeral joint. CASE DESCRIPTION: A 33-year-old handyman with a cartilage defect in the humeral head underwent an all arthroscopic one-stage cartilage repair with the AutoCartTM procedure (Arthrex GmbH, Munich, Germany)...

PURPOSE: Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a potential major complication in patients undergoing total hip arthroplasty (THA). However, the incidence of VTE following THA using anterolateral supine approach (ALS) has not been reported. The purpose of this study was to investigate the incidence of perioperative VTE and the distribution and characteristics of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) following ALS THA. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This retrospective single-arm study analyzed the 182 consecutive hips of 164 patients who underwent primary ALS THA...

BACKGROUND: Neurofibromatosis 1 (NF1) is a relatively common genetic disorder linked to skeletal abnormalities and elevated risk of cancer. Early onset scoliosis is common in patients with NF1 although severe scoliosis is rare. Scoliosis complicates the normal development and growth and may lead to thoracic insufficiency syndrome. The increased risk for breast cancer in young NF1 female patients has been recently identified. CASE PRESENTATION: We describe a NF1 patient with dystrophic scoliosis symptoms emerged at childhood...

Teriparatide is a recombinant human parathyroid hormone analog with anabolic mechanism of action utilized in the treatment of osteoporosis with well-established clinical efficacy. Its use is significantly hindered due to label warnings resulting from pre-clinical rat studies demonstrating an increased risk of osteosarcoma. However, clinical trials and post-marketing surveillance studies did not demonstrate any increased risk of osteosarcoma, even after prolonged periods of surveillance reaching up to 15 years, with most of the identified cases of osteosarcomas being solitary and predominantly attributed to other factors...