JAMA Ophthalmology

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IMPORTANCE: Investigating disparities in service coverage of pediatric optometrists and pediatric ophthalmologists in relation to patient demographics will illuminate vulnerable populations and inform future interventions. OBJECTIVE: To characterize the geographic distribution of pediatric eye care practitioners and analyze its association with population demographics. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: In this cross-sectional study, 4 public databases were used to identify the addresses of pediatric optometrists and pediatric ophthalmologists in the US in April 2023...

IMPORTANCE: Previous studies indicated that female sex might be a modifier in Stargardt disease, which is an ABCA4-associated retinopathy. OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether women are overrepresented among individuals with ABCA4-associated retinopathy who are carrying at least 1 mild allele or carrying nonmild alleles. DATA SOURCES: Literature data, data from 2 European centers, and a new study. Data from a Radboudumc database and from the Rotterdam Eye Hospital were used for exploratory hypothesis testing...

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IMPORTANCE: Greater understanding of the association between strabismus and mental health conditions across sociodemographic backgrounds may inform strategies to improve mental well-being in this population. OBJECTIVE: To describe the association of strabismus with mental health conditions in a diverse cohort of US adults. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This cross-sectional study used data from the National Institutes of Health's All of Us Research Program, an ongoing program launched in 2015...

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IMPORTANCE: Telehealth has the potential to improve health for older adults, but many access disparities exist, including for those with vision impairment (VI). OBJECTIVE: To examine the associations between VI and digital technology access measures in US older adults. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This was a cross-sectional study that included Medicare beneficiaries 65 years and older. Beneficiary data were obtained from the National Health and Aging Trends Study (NHATS) 2021; data collection was conducted from June 2020 through January 2021...

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IMPORTANCE: Effects of genetic variants on primary angle-closure disease remained uncertain. OBJECTIVE: To systematically review the associations of common single-nucleotide variants (SNVs) and rare coding variants with primary angle-closure disease, its subtypes (including primary angle-closure glaucoma, primary angle-closure suspect, and primary angle-closure) and progression. DATA SOURCES: Eligible studies from PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science were retrieved up to April 3, 2023...

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IMPORTANCE: Best recruitment practices for increasing diversity are well established, but the adoption and impact of these practices in ophthalmology residency recruitment are unknown. OBJECTIVE: To describe the adoption of bias reduction practices in groups underrepresented in ophthalmology (URiO) residency recruitment and determine which practices are effective for increasing URiO residents. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This cross-sectional survey study used an 18-item questionnaire included in the online survey of the Association of University Professors in Ophthalmology (AUPO) Residency Program Directors...

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IMPORTANCE: Increased myopic shift was found to be associated with 1 year of overminus spectacle treatment for children with intermittent exotropia (IXT). Persistence of myopic shift after discontinuing overminus spectacles is unknown. OBJECTIVE: To compare refractive error change over 3 years in children with IXT originally treated with overminus vs nonoverminus spectacles. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This study was an 18-month extension of the Trial of Overminus Spectacle Therapy for Intermittent Exotropia cohort, which previously randomized children aged 3 to 10 years with IXT and baseline spherical equivalent refractive error (SER) between -6...