Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences

The control of infections is one of the key strategies to treat cuts, wounds, lung, and skin infections. In this study the folkloric use of Rumex dentatus ( R. dentatus ) roots in the mentioned conditions was scientifically investigated. The methanolic (MeOH) crude extract of R. dentatus root was fractionated (n-hexane, ethyl acetate and water) via bioassay-guided method, and its antibacterial activity was evaluated using the agar well diffusion and Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assays against clinical isolate of Pseudomonas aeruginosa ( P...

Helicobacter pylori infects the stomach mucosa of over half of the global population and can lead to gastric cancer. This pathogen has demonstrated resistance to many frequently prescribed antibiotics, thereby underscoring the pressing need to identify novel therapeutic targets. The inhibition or disruption of nucleic acid biosynthesis constitutes a promising avenue for either restraining or eradicating bacterial proliferation. The synthesis of RNA and DNA precursors (6-oxopurine nucleoside monophosphates) is catalyzed by the XGHPRT enzyme...

Cucumber is an essential vegetable crop throughout the world. Cucumber development is vital for accomplishing both quality and productivity requirements. Meanwhile, numerous factors have resulted in substantial cucumber losses. However, the calreticulin domain-encoding genes (CDEGs) in cucumber were not well-characterized and had little function. In the genome-wide association study (GWAS), we recognized and characterized the CDEGs in Cucumis sativus (cucumber). Through a comprehensive study of C. sativus , our research has unveiled the presence of three unique genes, denoted as CsCRTb, CsCRT3, and CsCNX1 , unevenly distributed on three chromosomes in the genome of C...

Colostrum is known for its nutraceutical qualities, probiotic attributes, and health benefits. The aim of this study was to profile colostrum microbiome from bovine in rural sites of a developing country. The focus was on microbiological safety assessments and antimicrobial resistance, taking into account the risks linked with the consumption of raw colostrum. Shotgun sequencing was employed to analyze microbiome in raw buffalo and cow colostrum. Alpha and beta diversity analyses revealed increased inter and intra-variability within colostrum samples' microbiome from both livestock species...

The target of the present work is to study the most abundant carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes) of glycosyltransferase (GT) class, which are encoded by fungiome genes present in the rhizospheric soil of the plant species Moringa oleifera . The datasets of this CAZy class were recovered using metagenomic whole shotgun genome sequencing approach, and the resultant CAZymes were searched against the KEGG pathway database to identify function. High emphasis was given to the two GT families, GT4 and GT2, which were the highest within GT class in the number and abundance of gene queries in this soil compartment...

Endophytic fungi that inhabit medicinal plants are microbial resources renowned for having compounds analogous to those produced by their host plants. This study aimed to describe the diversity of endophytic fungi found in Oxalis latifolia Kunth. To better understand the diversity of foliar endophytic fungi found in the leaves of the medicinal plant Oxalis latifolia , we isolated and characterized endophytic by using both morphological and molecular methods employing ITS markers. The antimicrobial activity of endophytic fungi against common human pathogens Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Bacillus subtilis was also investigated...

This study aimed to develop and optimize mangiferin-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (MG-SLNs) using the microemulsion technique and ultrasonication. The MG-SLNs were composed of Labrafil M 2130 CS, MG, ethanol, Tween 80, and water. The optimized MG-SLNs exhibited a particle size of 138.37 ± 3.39 nm, polydispersity index of 0.247 ± 0.023, entrapment efficiency of 84.37 ± 2.43 %, and zeta potential of 18.87 ± 2.42 mV. Drug release studies showed a two-fold increase in the release of MG from SLNs compared to the solution...

The geranium genus consists of about 400 species, which have been utilized for a long time in ancient medical practices throughout the world. As a result, herbal medications based on species are commonly utilized to treat a range of illnesses. This investigation aims to provide an extensive assessment of the literature on the phytochemistry, ethnomedicinal and pharmacological importance of the genus Geranium . Data were collected through systemic computer searches among the most reputable scientific databases, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and Scopus...

The production of corn generates a substantial amount of agro-industrial waste, with corncob accounting for a significant portion of this waste. In this study, we focused on utilizing corncob as a carbon source and inducer to simultaneously produce two valuable industrial enzymes, protease, and xylanase, using a recombinant strain of B. halodurans CM1. Interestingly, xylan-rich corncob not only enhanced the xylanase activity but also induced protease activity of the modified B. halodurans CM1 strain. The effect of corncob concentration on the coproduction of protease and xylanase was investigated...

BACKGROUND: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by inflammation and demyelination of neurons. There is evidence to suggest that level of a neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), due to the degradation by γ-aminobutyric acid transaminase (GABAT), is reduced in certain areas of the brain in MS patients. MS is always accompanied by gut bacteria dysbiosis. In healthy individuals, Faecalibacterium sp. while in MS patients A. calcoaceticus, Clostridium sp...

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has emerged as one of the most serious worldwide public health issues of the twenty-first century. The expeditious rise of AMR has urged the development of new, natural effective therapeutic strategies against drug-resistant pathogens. Endophytic fungi, which inhabit distinctive environments like endosymbiotic relationships with plants, are gaining interest as alternative reservoirs for novel compounds that exhibit a broad range of chemical diversity and unique modes of action by releasing a variety of secondary metabolites with antimicrobial properties...

The current research endeavor seeks to unlock the potential of orally administered insulin formulations by utilizing liposomes derived from the fat globule membrane (MFGM) of camel milk as carriers for insulin. This pursuit emerges as a result of the recognized limitations of subcutaneous insulin therapy. The liposomes were meticulously created using the thin film hydration method, followed by comprehensive chemical and morphological analyses. Additionally, comprehensive safety assessments were carried out in vitro and in vivo , revealing significant findings...

In response to growing concerns about the efficacy of antibiotic treatment, there has been a significant increase in research on bacteria that are resistant to antibiotics over the past two centuries. Such investigations might bring a spotlight on the field's evolution and future prospects. The study was aimed at conducting a measurable bibliometric review of the scientific literature on bacterial persistence and dormancy in the 21st Century. A scientific literature published during 21st Century was analyzed to gain insights into and identify research trends and outputs in persistent bacteria...

The present study was aimed at evaluating the genetic variation and population structure in a collection of 22 rice genotypes. Twenty-two rice genotypes were assessed using quantitative traits and SSR molecular markers for genetic variability and genetic diversity. As for genetic diversity, the genotypes were clarified based on twelve quantitative traits. Clustering produced two large groups: the IR70423-169-2-2 variety was in a branch alone due to its long duration, while, the second group included all rest of genotypes and was split up into two sub-groups...

In the current study the assessment of the antimicrobial and phytochemical properties of Cassia fistula, Musa paradisiaca, Ficus religiosa and Murraya koenigii plants extracts was carried out. The antibacterial potential of these plants extracts was tested against S. aureus and E. coli . The Cassia fistula and Ficus religiosa leaves showed the larger zone of inhibition in aqueous and butanolic extract respectively against Escherichia coli. Musa paradisiaca and Murraya koenigii leaves showed larger zone of inhibition in ethanolic extract against S...

The pH1N1 belongs to influenza A family that is sometimes transmitted to humans via contact with pigs. Human tonsillar immune cells are widely used as in vitro models to study responses to influenza viruses. In the current study, human memory (M) and naïve (N) T cells responses in mononuclear cells of tonsil (TMCs) and peripheral blood (PBMCs) were stimulated by pH1N1/sH1N1, and then stained for estimation of T cells proliferation index. Individuals with an anti-pH1N1 hemagglutination (HA) inhibition (HAI) titer of forty or greater exhibited stronger HA-specific M-CD4+ T cells responses to pH1N1 in TMCs/PBMCs than those with an HAI titer of less than forty (P < 0...

A species introduced outside of its native range will likely encounter unusual abiotic and biotic conditions,and may exhibit phenotypic traits that may facilitate survival and persistance. Phenotypic plasticity drives non-native species' development of adaptive traits in the new environment, increases their fitness, and as a result, contributes to invasion success. In this study, we examined inter and intraspecific phenotypic variation (body size and shape) for an invasive ( Carassius gibelio ) and introduced ( Cyprinus carpio ) cyprinid fish species (Teleostei: Cyprinidae) in the Düden Stream, Turkey, which is a small-scale river system...

Cancer of the breast is the mainly prevalent class of cancer in females diagnosed over the globe. It also happens to be the 2nd most prevalent reason of cancer-related deaths among females worldwide. Some of the most common type's therapies for carcinoma of the breast involve radiation therapy, chemotherapy, and resection. Many studies are being conducted to develop new therapeutic strategies for better diagnosis of breast cancer. An enormous number of anticancer medications have been developed as a result of growing understanding of the molecular pathways behind the advancement of cancer...

Shrimp aquaculture has rapidly developed into a significant industry worldwide, providing not only financial gain and high-quality food but also tens of thousands of trained and competent workers. Frequent diseases are now regarded as a significant risk factor for shrimp aquaculture, as they have the potential to significantly reduce shrimp production and result in economic losses. Over the years various traditional methods including the use of antibiotics have been followed to control diseases yet unsuccessful...

Most clinical miscarriages often occur throughout the first trimester of pregnancy, with fetal chromosomal abnormalities being identified as the primary reason for such occurrences. The objective is to analyze the fetal chromosomal aberrations in the product of conception among Iraqi patients suffering from recurrent miscarriages. The cross-sectional study was performed on 60 cases of products of conception in women suffering from multiple miscarriages, obtained from Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology is located in Ramadi Teaching Hospital for Child and Maternity, as well as other Private Clinics in the Ramadi City...