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Journals International Journal of Evolu...

International Journal of Evolutionary Biology

https://read.qxmd.com/read/24455408/conservation-mutation-in-the-splice-sites-of-cytokine-receptor-genes-of-mouse-and-human
#21
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Rosa Calvello, Antonia Cianciulli, Maria Antonietta Panaro
Conservation/mutation in the intronic initial and terminal hexanucleotides was studied in 26 orthologous cytokine receptor genes of Mouse and Human. Introns began and ended with the canonical dinucleotides GT and AG, respectively. Identical configurations were found in 57% of the 5' hexanucleotides and 28% of the 3' hexanucleotides. The actual conservation percentages of the individual variable nucleotides at each position in the hexanucleotides were determined, and the theoretical rates of conservation of groups of three nucleotides were calculated under the hypothesis of a mutual evolutionary independence of the neighboring nucleotides (random association)...
2013: International Journal of Evolutionary Biology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/24455407/modeling-extinction-risk-of-endemic-birds-of-mainland-china
#22
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Youhua Chen
The extinction risk of endemic birds of mainland China was modeled over evolutionary time. Results showed that extinction risk of endemic birds in mainland China always tended to be similar within subclades over the evolutionary time of species divergence, and the overall evolution of extinction risk of species presented a conservatism pattern, as evidenced by the disparity-through-time plot. A constant-rate evolutionary model was the best one to quantify the evolution of extinction risk of endemic birds of mainland China...
2013: International Journal of Evolutionary Biology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/24386589/no-experimental-evidence-for-sneaking-in-a-west-african-cichlid-fish-with-extremely-long-sperm
#23
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Kathrin Langen, Timo Thünken, Theo C M Bakker
Alternative reproductive tactics are widespread in fishes, increasing the potential for sperm competition. Sperm competition has enormous impact on both variation in sperm numbers and sperm size. In cichlids, the sperm competition risk is very divergent and longer sperm are usually interpreted as adaptation to sperm competition. Here we examined whether sneaking tactics exist in Pelvicachromis taeniatus, a socially monogamous cichlid with biparental brood care from West Africa. The small testis indicates low gonadal investment which is typical for genetically monogamous species...
2013: International Journal of Evolutionary Biology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/24381783/a-survey-of-eyespot-sexual-dimorphism-across-nymphalid-butterflies
#24
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Christopher K Tokita, Jeffrey C Oliver, Antónia Monteiro
Differences between sexes of the same species are widespread and are variable in nature. While it is often assumed that males are more ornamented than females, in the nymphalid butterfly genus Bicyclus, females have, on average, more eyespot wing color patterns than males. Here we extend these studies by surveying eyespot pattern sexual dimorphism across the Nymphalidae family of butterflies. Eyespot presence or absence was scored from a total of 38 wing compartments for two males and two females of each of 450 nymphalid species belonging to 399 different genera...
2013: International Journal of Evolutionary Biology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/24288652/analysis-of-a-larger-snp-dataset-from-the-hapmap-project-confirmed-that-the-modern-human-a-allele-of-the-abo-blood-group-genes-is-a-descendant-of-a-recombinant-between-b-and-o-alleles
#25
Masaya Itou, Mitsuharu Sato, Takashi Kitano
The human ABO blood group gene consists of three main alleles (A, B, and O) that encode a glycosyltransferase. The A and B alleles differ by two critical amino acids in exon 7, and the major O allele has a single nucleotide deletion (Δ261) in exon 6. Previous evolutionary studies have revealed that the A allele is the most ancient, B allele diverged from the A allele with two critical amino acid substitutions in exon 7, and the major O allele diverged from the A allele with Δ261 in exon 6. However, a recent phylogenetic network analysis study showed that the A allele of humans emerged through a recombination between the B and O alleles...
2013: International Journal of Evolutionary Biology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/24222886/undersampling-taxa-will-underestimate-molecular-divergence-dates-an-example-from-the-south-american-lizard-clade-liolaemini
#26
JOURNAL ARTICLE
James A Schulte
Methods for estimating divergence times from molecular data have improved dramatically over the past decade, yet there are few studies examining alternative taxon sampling effects on node age estimates. Here, I investigate the effect of undersampling species diversity on node ages of the South American lizard clade Liolaemini using several alternative subsampling strategies for both time calibrations and taxa numbers. Penalized likelihood (PL) and Bayesian molecular dating analyses were conducted on a densely sampled (202 taxa) mtDNA-based phylogenetic hypothesis of Iguanidae, including 92 Liolaemini species...
2013: International Journal of Evolutionary Biology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/23984183/rna-mediated-gene-duplication-and-retroposons-retrogenes-lines-sines-and-sequence-specificity
#27
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Kazuhiko Ohshima
A substantial number of "retrogenes" that are derived from the mRNA of various intron-containing genes have been reported. A class of mammalian retroposons, long interspersed element-1 (LINE1, L1), has been shown to be involved in the reverse transcription of retrogenes (or processed pseudogenes) and non-autonomous short interspersed elements (SINEs). The 3'-end sequences of various SINEs originated from a corresponding LINE. As the 3'-untranslated regions of several LINEs are essential for retroposition, these LINEs presumably require "stringent" recognition of the 3'-end sequence of the RNA template...
2013: International Journal of Evolutionary Biology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/23841016/evolution-of-three-parent-genes-and-their-retrogene-copies-in-drosophila-species
#28
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Ryan S O'Neill, Denise V Clark
Retrogenes form a class of gene duplicate lacking the regulatory sequences found outside of the mRNA-coding regions of the parent gene. It is not clear how a retrogene's lack of parental regulatory sequences affects the evolution of the gene pair. To explore the evolution of parent genes and retrogenes, we investigated three such gene pairs in the family Drosophilidae; in Drosophila melanogaster, these gene pairs are CG8331 and CG4960, CG17734 and CG11825, and Sep2 and Sep5. We investigated the embryonic expression patterns of these gene pairs across multiple Drosophila species...
2013: International Journal of Evolutionary Biology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/23710415/erratum-to-new-insights-into-ligand-receptor-pairing-and-coevolution-of-relaxin-family-peptides-and-their-receptors-in-teleosts
#29
Sara Good, Sergey Yegorov, Joran Martijn, Jens Franck, Jan Bogerd
No abstract text is available yet for this article.
2013: International Journal of Evolutionary Biology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/23634317/drosophila-melanogaster-selection-for-survival-after-infection-with-bacillus-cereus-spores-evolutionary-genetic-and-phenotypic-investigations-of-respiration-and-movement
#30
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Junjie Ma, Andrew K Benson, Stephen D Kachman, Deidra J Jacobsen, Lawrence G Harshman
Laboratory populations of D. melanogaster have been subjected to selection for survival after live spores of B. cereus were introduced as a pathogenic agent. The present study was designed to investigate correlated traits: respiration as a metabolic trait and movement as a behavioral trait. An underlying hypothesis was that the evolution of increased survival after B. cereus infection exerts a metabolic cost associated with elevated immunity and this would be detected by increased respiration rates. There was support for this hypothesis in the male response to selection, but not for selected-line females...
2013: International Journal of Evolutionary Biology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/23573457/the-evolution-of-sex-related-traits-and-genes-2012
#31
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Alberto Civetta, José M Eirín-López, Rob Kulathinal, Jeremy L Marshall
No abstract text is available yet for this article.
2013: International Journal of Evolutionary Biology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/23533945/pathogen-driven-selection-in-the-human-genome
#32
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Rachele Cagliani, Manuela Sironi
Infectious diseases and epidemics have always accompanied and characterized human history, representing one of the main causes of death. Even today, despite progress in sanitation and medical research, infections are estimated to account for about 15% of deaths. The hypothesis whereby infectious diseases have been acting as a powerful selective pressure was formulated long ago, but it was not until the availability of large-scale genetic data and the development of novel methods to study molecular evolution that we could assess how pervasively infectious agents have shaped human genetic diversity...
2013: International Journal of Evolutionary Biology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/23431497/sex-biased-networks-and-nodes-of-sexually-antagonistic-conflict-in-drosophila
#33
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Matthew E B Hansen, Rob J Kulathinal
Sexual antagonism, or conflict, can occur when males and females harbor opposing reproductive strategies. The large fraction of sex-biased genes in genomes present considerable opportunities for conflict to occur, suggesting that sexual antagonism may potentially be a general phenomenon at the molecular level. Here, we employ a novel strategy to identify potential nodes of sexual conflict in Drosophila melanogaster by coupling male, female, and sex-unbiased networks derived from genome-wide expression data with available genetic and protein interaction data...
2013: International Journal of Evolutionary Biology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/23401844/infectious-disease-endangerment-and-extinction
#34
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Ross D E Macphee, Alex D Greenwood
Infectious disease, especially virulent infectious disease, is commonly regarded as a cause of fluctuation or decline in biological populations. However, it is not generally considered as a primary factor in causing the actual endangerment or extinction of species. We review here the known historical examples in which disease has, or has been assumed to have had, a major deleterious impact on animal species, including extinction, and highlight some recent cases in which disease is the chief suspect in causing the outright endangerment of particular species...
2013: International Journal of Evolutionary Biology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/23320247/divergence-in-defence-against-herbivores-between-males-and-females-of-dioecious-plant-species
#35
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Germán Avila-Sakar, Cora Anne Romanow
Defensive traits may evolve differently between sexes in dioecious plant species. Our current understanding of this process hinges on a partial view of the evolution of resistance traits that may result in male-biased herbivory in dioecious populations. Here, we present a critical summary of the current state of the knowledge of herbivory in dioecious species and propose alternative evolutionary scenarios that have been neglected. These scenarios consider the potential evolutionary and functional determinants of sexual dimorphism in patterns of resource allocation to reproduction, growth, and defence...
2012: International Journal of Evolutionary Biology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/23251826/noncompetitive-gametic-isolation-between-sibling-species-of-cricket-a-hypothesized-link-between-within-population-incompatibility-and-reproductive-isolation-between-species
#36
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Jeremy L Marshall, Nicholas Dirienzo
Postmating, prezygotic phenotypes are a common mechanism of reproductive isolation. Here, we describe the dynamics of a noncompetitive gametic isolation phenotype (namely, the ability of a male to induce a female to lay eggs) in a group of recently diverged crickets that are primarily isolated from each other by this phenotype. We not only show that heterospecific males are less able to induce females to lay eggs but that there are male by female incompatibilities in this phenotype that occur within populations...
2012: International Journal of Evolutionary Biology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/23227424/horizontal-transfer-and-the-evolution-of-host-pathogen-interactions
#37
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Elena de la Casa-Esperón
Horizontal gene transfer has been long known in viruses and prokaryotes, but its importance in eukaryotes has been only acknowledged recently. Close contact between organisms, as it occurs between pathogens and their hosts, facilitates the occurrence of DNA transfer events. Once inserted in a foreign genome, DNA sequences have sometimes been coopted by pathogens to improve their survival or infectivity, or by hosts to protect themselves against the harm of pathogens. Hence, horizontal transfer constitutes a source of novel sequences that can be adopted to change the host-pathogen interactions...
2012: International Journal of Evolutionary Biology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/23213618/what-can-phages-tell-us-about-host-pathogen-coevolution
#38
JOURNAL ARTICLE
John J Dennehy
The outcomes of host-parasite interactions depend on the coevolutionary forces acting upon them, but because every host-parasite relation is enmeshed in a web of biotic and abiotic interactions across a heterogeneous landscape, host-parasite coevolution has proven difficult to study. Simple laboratory phage-bacteria microcosms can ameliorate this difficulty by allowing controlled, well-replicated experiments with a limited number of interactors. Genetic, population, and life history data obtained from these studies permit a closer examination of the fundamental correlates of host-parasite coevolution...
2012: International Journal of Evolutionary Biology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/23119225/sex-and-speciation-drosophila-reproductive-tract-proteins-twenty-five-years-later
#39
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Rama Singh, Santosh Jagadeeshan
The protein electrophoresis revolution, nearly fifty years ago, provided the first glimpse into the nature of molecular genetic variation within and between species and showed that the amount of genetic differences between newly arisen species was minimal. Twenty years later, 2D electrophoresis showed that, in contrast to general gene-enzyme variation, reproductive tract proteins were less polymorphic within species but highly diverged between species. The 2D results were interesting and revolutionary, but somewhat uninterpretable because, at the time, rapid evolution and selective sweeps were not yet part of the common vocabulary of evolutionary biologists...
2012: International Journal of Evolutionary Biology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/23094195/drosophila-melanogaster-selection-for-survival-of-bacillus-cereus-infection-life-history-trait-indirect-responses
#40
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Junjie Ma, Andrew K Benson, Stephen D Kachman, Zhen Hu, Lawrence G Harshman
To study evolved resistance/tolerance in an insect model, we carried out an experimental evolution study using D. melanogaster and the opportunistic pathogen B. cereus as the agent of selection. The selected lines evolved a 3.0- to 3.3-log increase in the concentration of spores required for 50% mortality after 18-24 generations of selection. In the absence of any treatment, selected lines evolved an increase in egg production and delayed development time. The latter response could be interpreted as a cost of evolution...
2012: International Journal of Evolutionary Biology
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