journal
https://read.qxmd.com/read/25076887/neuromodulation-present-and-emerging-methods
#21
REVIEW
Song Luan, Ian Williams, Konstantin Nikolic, Timothy G Constandinou
Neuromodulation has wide ranging potential applications in replacing impaired neural function (prosthetics), as a novel form of medical treatment (therapy), and as a tool for investigating neurons and neural function (research). Voltage and current controlled electrical neural stimulation (ENS) are methods that have already been widely applied in both neuroscience and clinical practice for neuroprosthetics. However, there are numerous alternative methods of stimulating or inhibiting neurons. This paper reviews the state-of-the-art in ENS as well as alternative neuromodulation techniques-presenting the operational concepts, technical implementation and limitations-in order to inform system design choices...
2014: Frontiers in Neuroengineering
https://read.qxmd.com/read/25076886/changes-in-functional-brain-organization-and-behavioral-correlations-after-rehabilitative-therapy-using-a-brain-computer-interface
#22
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Brittany M Young, Zack Nigogosyan, Léo M Walton, Jie Song, Veena A Nair, Scott W Grogan, Mitchell E Tyler, Dorothy F Edwards, Kristin Caldera, Justin A Sattin, Justin C Williams, Vivek Prabhakaran
This study aims to examine the changes in task-related brain activity induced by rehabilitative therapy using brain-computer interface (BCI) technologies and whether these changes are relevant to functional gains achieved through the use of these therapies. Stroke patients with persistent upper-extremity motor deficits received interventional rehabilitation therapy using a closed-loop neurofeedback BCI device (n = 8) or no therapy (n = 6). Behavioral assessments using the Stroke Impact Scale, the Action Research Arm Test (ARAT), and the Nine-Hole Peg Test (9-HPT) as well as task-based fMRI scans were conducted before, during, after, and 1 month after therapy administration or at analogous intervals in the absence of therapy...
2014: Frontiers in Neuroengineering
https://read.qxmd.com/read/25071548/reduced-discomfort-during-high-definition-transcutaneous-stimulation-using-6-benzocaine
#23
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Berkan Guleyupoglu, Nicole Febles, Preet Minhas, Christoph Hahn, Marom Bikson
BACKGROUND: High-Definition transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (HD-tDCS) allows for non-invasive neuromodulation using an array of compact (approximately 1 cm(2) contact area) "High-Definition" (HD) electrodes, as compared to conventional tDCS (which uses two large pads that are approximately 35 cm(2)). In a previous transcutaneous study, we developed and validated designs for HD electrodes that reduce discomfort over >20 min session with 2 mA electrode current. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the use of a chemical pretreatment with 6% benzocaine (topical numbing agent) to further reduce subjective discomfort during transcutaneous stimulation and to allow for better sham controlled studies...
2014: Frontiers in Neuroengineering
https://read.qxmd.com/read/25071547/changes-in-functional-connectivity-correlate-with-behavioral-gains-in-stroke-patients-after-therapy-using-a-brain-computer-interface-device
#24
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Brittany Mei Young, Zack Nigogosyan, Alexander Remsik, Léo M Walton, Jie Song, Veena A Nair, Scott W Grogan, Mitchell E Tyler, Dorothy Farrar Edwards, Kristin Caldera, Justin A Sattin, Justin C Williams, Vivek Prabhakaran
Brain-computer interface (BCI) technology is being incorporated into new stroke rehabilitation devices, but little is known about brain changes associated with its use. We collected anatomical and functional MRI of nine stroke patients with persistent upper extremity motor impairment before, during, and after therapy using a BCI system. Subjects were asked to perform finger tapping of the impaired hand during fMRI. Action Research Arm Test (ARAT), 9-Hole Peg Test (9-HPT), and Stroke Impact Scale (SIS) domains of Hand Function (HF) and Activities of Daily Living (ADL) were also assessed...
2014: Frontiers in Neuroengineering
https://read.qxmd.com/read/25071546/tracking-single-units-in-chronic-large-scale-neural-recordings-for-brain-machine-interface-applications
#25
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Ahmed Eleryan, Mukta Vaidya, Joshua Southerland, Islam S Badreldin, Karthikeyan Balasubramanian, Andrew H Fagg, Nicholas Hatsopoulos, Karim Oweiss
In the study of population coding in neurobiological systems, tracking unit identity may be critical to assess possible changes in the coding properties of neuronal constituents over prolonged periods of time. Ensuring unit stability is even more critical for reliable neural decoding of motor variables in intra-cortically controlled brain-machine interfaces (BMIs). Variability in intrinsic spike patterns, tuning characteristics, and single-unit identity over chronic use is a major challenge to maintaining this stability, requiring frequent daily calibration of neural decoders in BMI sessions by an experienced human operator...
2014: Frontiers in Neuroengineering
https://read.qxmd.com/read/25071545/brain-computer-interface-game-applications-for-combined-neurofeedback-and-biofeedback-treatment-for-children-on-the-autism-spectrum
#26
REVIEW
Elisabeth V C Friedrich, Neil Suttie, Aparajithan Sivanathan, Theodore Lim, Sandy Louchart, Jaime A Pineda
Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) show deficits in social and communicative skills, including imitation, empathy, and shared attention, as well as restricted interests and repetitive patterns of behaviors. Evidence for and against the idea that dysfunctions in the mirror neuron system are involved in imitation and could be one underlying cause for ASD is discussed in this review. Neurofeedback interventions have reduced symptoms in children with ASD by self-regulation of brain rhythms. However, cortical deficiencies are not the only cause of these symptoms...
2014: Frontiers in Neuroengineering
https://read.qxmd.com/read/25071544/exploration-of-the-neural-correlates-of-cerebral-palsy-for-sensorimotor-bci-control
#27
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Ian Daly, Josef Faller, Reinhold Scherer, Catherine M Sweeney-Reed, Slawomir J Nasuto, Martin Billinger, Gernot R Müller-Putz
Cerebral palsy (CP) includes a broad range of disorders, which can result in impairment of posture and movement control. Brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) have been proposed as assistive devices for individuals with CP. Better understanding of the neural processing underlying motor control in affected individuals could lead to more targeted BCI rehabilitation and treatment options. We have explored well-known neural correlates of movement, including event-related desynchronization (ERD), phase synchrony, and a recently-introduced measure of phase dynamics, in participants with CP and healthy control participants...
2014: Frontiers in Neuroengineering
https://read.qxmd.com/read/25071543/brain-computer-interface-with-somatosensory-feedback-improves-functional-recovery-from-severe-hemiplegia-due-to-chronic-stroke
#28
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Takashi Ono, Keiichiro Shindo, Kimiko Kawashima, Naoki Ota, Mari Ito, Tetsuo Ota, Masahiko Mukaino, Toshiyuki Fujiwara, Akio Kimura, Meigen Liu, Junichi Ushiba
Recent studies have shown that scalp electroencephalogram (EEG) based brain-computer interface (BCI) has a great potential for motor rehabilitation in stroke patients with severe hemiplegia. However, key elements in BCI architecture for functional recovery has yet to be clear. We in this study focused on the type of feedback to the patients, which is given contingently to their motor-related EEG in a BCI context. The efficacy of visual and somatosensory feedbacks was compared by a two-group study with the chronic stroke patients who are suffering with severe motor hemiplegia...
2014: Frontiers in Neuroengineering
https://read.qxmd.com/read/25009491/case-report-post-stroke-interventional-bci-rehabilitation-in-an-individual-with-preexisting-sensorineural-disability
#29
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Brittany M Young, Zack Nigogosyan, Veena A Nair, Léo M Walton, Jie Song, Mitchell E Tyler, Dorothy F Edwards, Kristin Caldera, Justin A Sattin, Justin C Williams, Vivek Prabhakaran
Therapies involving new technologies such as brain-computer interfaces (BCI) are being studied to determine their potential for interventional rehabilitation after acute events such as stroke produce lasting impairments. While studies have examined the use of BCI devices by individuals with disabilities, many such devices are intended to address a specific limitation and have been studied when this limitation or disability is present in isolation. Little is known about the therapeutic potential of these devices for individuals with multiple disabilities with an acquired impairment overlaid on a secondary long-standing disability...
2014: Frontiers in Neuroengineering
https://read.qxmd.com/read/24971060/deep-brain-stimulation-macroelectrodes-compared-to-multiple-microelectrodes-in-rat-hippocampus
#30
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Sharanya Arcot Desai, Claire-Anne Gutekunst, Steve M Potter, Robert E Gross
Microelectrode arrays (wire diameter <50 μm) were compared to traditional macroelectrodes for deep brain stimulation (DBS). Understanding the neuronal activation volume may help solve some of the mysteries associated with DBS, e.g., its mechanisms of action. We used c-fos immunohistochemistry to investigate neuronal activation in the rat hippocampus caused by multi-micro- and macroelectrode stimulation. At ± 1V stimulation at 25 Hz, microelectrodes (33 μm diameter) had a radius of activation of 100 μm, which is 50% of that seen with 150 μm diameter macroelectrode stimulation...
2014: Frontiers in Neuroengineering
https://read.qxmd.com/read/24966832/nanocrystalline-diamond-surfaces-for-adhesion-and-growth-of-primary-neurons-conflicting-results-and-rational-explanation
#31
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Silviya M Ojovan, Matthew McDonald, Mathew McDonald, Noha Rabieh, Nava Shmuel, Hadas Erez, Milos Nesladek, Micha E Spira
Using a variety of proliferating cell types, it was shown that the surface of nanocrystalline diamond (NCD) provides a permissive substrate for cell adhesion and development without the need of complex chemical functionalization prior to cell seeding. In an extensive series of experiments we found that, unlike proliferating cells, post-mitotic primary neurons do not adhere to bare NCD surfaces when cultured in defined medium. These observations raise questions on the potential use of bare NCD as an interfacing layer for neuronal devices...
2014: Frontiers in Neuroengineering
https://read.qxmd.com/read/24904405/organic-electrode-coatings-for-next-generation-neural-interfaces
#32
REVIEW
Ulises A Aregueta-Robles, Andrew J Woolley, Laura A Poole-Warren, Nigel H Lovell, Rylie A Green
Traditional neuronal interfaces utilize metallic electrodes which in recent years have reached a plateau in terms of the ability to provide safe stimulation at high resolution or rather with high densities of microelectrodes with improved spatial selectivity. To achieve higher resolution it has become clear that reducing the size of electrodes is required to enable higher electrode counts from the implant device. The limitations of interfacing electrodes including low charge injection limits, mechanical mismatch and foreign body response can be addressed through the use of organic electrode coatings which typically provide a softer, more roughened surface to enable both improved charge transfer and lower mechanical mismatch with neural tissue...
2014: Frontiers in Neuroengineering
https://read.qxmd.com/read/24904404/decoding-spectrotemporal-features-of-overt-and-covert-speech-from-the-human-cortex
#33
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Stéphanie Martin, Peter Brunner, Chris Holdgraf, Hans-Jochen Heinze, Nathan E Crone, Jochem Rieger, Gerwin Schalk, Robert T Knight, Brian N Pasley
Auditory perception and auditory imagery have been shown to activate overlapping brain regions. We hypothesized that these phenomena also share a common underlying neural representation. To assess this, we used electrocorticography intracranial recordings from epileptic patients performing an out loud or a silent reading task. In these tasks, short stories scrolled across a video screen in two conditions: subjects read the same stories both aloud (overt) and silently (covert). In a control condition the subject remained in a resting state...
2014: Frontiers in Neuroengineering
https://read.qxmd.com/read/24860493/anti-inflammatory-polymer-electrodes-for-glial-scar-treatment-bringing-the-conceptual-idea-to-future-results
#34
REVIEW
Maria Asplund, Christian Boehler, Thomas Stieglitz
Conducting polymer films offer a convenient route for the functionalization of implantable microelectrodes without compromising their performance as excellent recording units. A micron thick coating, deposited on the surface of a regular metallic electrode, can elute anti-inflammatory drugs for the treatment of glial scarring as well as growth factors for the support of surrounding neurons. Electro-activation of the polymer drives the release of the substance and should ideally provide a reliable method for controlling quantity and timing of release...
2014: Frontiers in Neuroengineering
https://read.qxmd.com/read/24847248/electrode-impedance-analysis-of-chronic-tungsten-microwire-neural-implants-understanding-abiotic-vs-biotic-contributions
#35
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Viswanath Sankar, Erin Patrick, Robert Dieme, Justin C Sanchez, Abhishek Prasad, Toshikazu Nishida
Changes in biotic and abiotic factors can be reflected in the complex impedance spectrum of the microelectrodes chronically implanted into the neural tissue. The recording surface of the tungsten electrode in vivo undergoes abiotic changes due to recording site corrosion and insulation delamination as well as biotic changes due to tissue encapsulation as a result of the foreign body immune response. We reported earlier that large changes in electrode impedance measured at 1 kHz were correlated with poor electrode functional performance, quantified through electrophysiological recordings during the chronic lifetime of the electrode...
2014: Frontiers in Neuroengineering
https://read.qxmd.com/read/24847247/effectiveness-of-the-p3-speller-in-brain-computer-interfaces-for-amyotrophic-lateral-sclerosis-patients-a-systematic-review-and-meta-analysis
#36
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Mauro Marchetti, Konstantinos Priftis
A quarter of century ago, Farwell and Donchin (1988) described their mental prosthesis for "talking off the top of your head." This innovative communication system, later named P3-speller, has been the most investigated and tested brain-computer interface (BCI) system, to date. A main goal of the research on P3-spellers was the development of an effective assistive device for patients with severe motor diseases. Among these patients are those affected by amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). ALS patients have become a target population in P3-speller (and more generally in BCI) research...
2014: Frontiers in Neuroengineering
https://read.qxmd.com/read/24808860/controlling-neural-network-responsiveness-tradeoffs-and-constraints
#37
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Hanna Keren, Shimon Marom
In recent years much effort is invested in means to control neural population responses at the whole brain level, within the context of developing advanced medical applications. The tradeoffs and constraints involved, however, remain elusive due to obvious complications entailed by studying whole brain dynamics. Here, we present effective control of response features (probability and latency) of cortical networks in vitro over many hours, and offer this approach as an experimental toy for studying controllability of neural networks in the wider context...
2014: Frontiers in Neuroengineering
https://read.qxmd.com/read/24808859/the-sinusoidal-probe-a-new-approach-to-improve-electrode-longevity
#38
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Harbaljit S Sohal, Andrew Jackson, Richard Jackson, Gavin J Clowry, Konstantin Vassilevski, Anthony O'Neill, Stuart N Baker
Micromotion between the brain and implanted electrodes is a major contributor to the failure of invasive brain-machine interfaces. Movements of the electrode tip cause recording instabilities while spike amplitudes decline over the weeks/months post-implantation due to glial cell activation caused by sustained mechanical trauma. We have designed a sinusoidal probe in order to reduce movement of the recording tip relative to the surrounding neural tissue. The probe was microfabricated from flexible materials and incorporated a sinusoidal shaft to minimize tethering forces and a 3D spheroid tip to anchor the recording site within the brain...
2014: Frontiers in Neuroengineering
https://read.qxmd.com/read/24795621/smaller-softer-lower-impedance-electrodes-for-human-neuroprosthesis-a-pragmatic-approach
#39
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Elisa Castagnola, Alberto Ansaldo, Emma Maggiolini, Tamara Ius, Miran Skrap, Davide Ricci, Luciano Fadiga
Finding the most appropriate technology for building electrodes to be used for long term implants in humans is a challenging issue. What are the most appropriate technologies? How could one achieve robustness, stability, compatibility, efficacy, and versatility, for both recording and stimulation? There are no easy answers to these questions as even the most fundamental and apparently obvious factors to be taken into account, such as the necessary mechanical, electrical and biological properties, and their interplay, are under debate...
2014: Frontiers in Neuroengineering
https://read.qxmd.com/read/24782757/bio-inspired-hybrid-microelectrodes-a-hybrid-solution-to-improve-long-term-performance-of-chronic-intracortical-implants
#40
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Sara De Faveri, Emma Maggiolini, Ermanno Miele, Francesco De Angelis, Fabrizia Cesca, Fabio Benfenati, Luciano Fadiga
The use of implants that allow chronic electrical stimulation and recording in the brain of human patients is currently limited by a series of events that cause the deterioration over time of both the electrode surface and the surrounding tissue. The main reason of failure is the tissue inflammatory reaction that eventually causes neuronal loss and glial encapsulation, resulting in a progressive increase of the electrode-electrolyte impedance. Here, we describe a new method to create bio-inspired electrodes to mimic the mechanical properties and biological composition of the host tissue...
2014: Frontiers in Neuroengineering
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