Current Radiopharmaceuticals

BACKGROUND: Alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma (ARMS) predominantly affects adolescents aged 10-15 years and is distinguished by its high aggressiveness and adverse prognosis compared with other sarcomas. It exhibits a pronounced tendency for lymphatic and hematogenous metastases at early stages. ARMS commonly manifests in the limbs and genitourinary system, with occurrences in the head and neck region being relatively uncommon. The role of CT, MRI, and 18F-FDG positron emission tomography combined with computed tomography (PET/CT) in the diagnostic process of ARMS is yet to be fully established...

BACKGROUND: The reproductive organ, housing spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs), undergoes ongoing division impacted by the irradiation dosage and exposure duration. Within the male reproductive organ, germ stem cells (spermatogonia) and somatic cells (Sertoli and Leydig cells) are present. Lower doses of ionizing (>4-6 Gy) and non-ionizing radiation (radiofrequency and microwave range 900 MHz - 2.45 GHz) may cause sperm-related issues, while higher doses (15 Gy) may affect Leydig cells and testosterone production...

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy and safety of 177 Lutetium-Prostate Specific Membrane Antigen (177 Lu-PSMA-617) radioligand treatment (RLT) in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) patients with aged older than 75 years. METHODS: A total of 37 patients with mCRPC aged older than 75 years treated with 177 Lu- PSMA-617 were included in this study. Pre-therapy and post-therapy biochemical, metabolic, and clinical response results and Hb, TLC, platelet, serum creatinine and bilirubin levels were checked to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy and toxicity profile...

Malignant tumors pose a significant threat to human life and well-being because of their rising occurrence and size. The current treatment methods and diagnostic techniques employed in clinical practice are inadequate for effectively treating tumors. Fluorescence, photothermal effects, radiosensitization, and biocompatibility are only a few instances of the unique photonic and physicochemical properties exhibited. Gold nanoclusters (AuNCs) are nanomaterials that possess modest dimensions, typically measuring approximately 3 nm, and are composed of a limited number of particles...

BACKGROUND: Despite the escalated production rate, the Iodinated Contrast Media (ICM) shortage continues, and demand outweighs supply. AIM: The aim of this study is to investigate the knowledge and practice of ICM delivery in computed tomography (CT) among radiographers and radiologic technologists worldwide. METHODS: An IRB-approved cross-sectional survey used Google Forms for data collection. It involved 94 CT radiographers from 27 countries and was divided into five sections...

BACKGROUND: Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (HNSCC) is a malignant tumor with a high degree of malignancy, invasiveness, and metastasis rate. Radiotherapy, as an important adjuvant therapy for HNSCC, can reduce the postoperative recurrence rate and improve the survival rate. Identifying the genes related to HNSCC radiotherapy resistance (HNSCC-RR) is helpful in the search for potential therapeutic targets. However, identifying radiotherapy resistance-related genes from tens of thousands of genes is a challenging task...

Immunotherapy has emerged as a very considerable and potent therapeutic method in which immune inhibitors have gained a lot of attention in the curative field of various cancers. Under certain circumstances, when radiotherapy is accompanied by immunotherapy, the efficacy of the therapeutic procedure increases. Irradiated tumor cells follow a pathway called immunogenic cell death, which targets tumor associated antigens. The application of radiolabeled antibodies under the concept of "radioimmunotherapy" (RIT) makes the synergistic targeted therapeutic effect possible...

AIM: Efficient synthesis of precursor from commercially available starting materials and automated radiosynthesis of [11C]PiB using commercially available dedicated [11C]- Chemistry module from the synthesized precursor. BACKGROUND: [11C]PiB is a promising radiotracer for PET imaging of β-Amyloid, advancing Alzheimer's disease research. The availability of precursors and protocols for efficient radiolabelling foster the applications of any radiotracer. Efficient synthesis of PiB precursor was performed using anisidine and 4-nitrobenzoyl chloride as starting materials in 5 steps, having addition, substitutions, and cyclization chemical methodologies...

BACKGROUND: Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is an ideal target for molecular imaging and targeted radionuclide therapy in prostate cancer. Consequently, various PSMA ligands were developed. Some of these molecules are functionalized with a chelator that can host radiometals, such as 68Ga for PET imaging. The 68Ga radiolabeling step benefits from process automation, making it more robust and reducing radiation exposure. OBJECTIVE: To design a single automated radiolabeling protocol for the GMP-compliant preparation of [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-11, transposable to the production of [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-617 and [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-I&T...

BACKGROUND: In this study, [64Cu]Cu-NODAGA-RGD-BBN was prepared and its preclinical assessments were evaluated for PET imaging of GRPR overexpressing tumors. METHODS: NODAGA-RGD-BBN heterodimer peptide was successfully labeled with cyclotronproduced copper-64 at optimized conditions. The radiochemical purity of the radiotracer was checked by HPLC and RTLC methods. The stability of the radiolabeled compound was assessed in PBS (4°C) and in human blood serum (37°C)...

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to construct a nomogram based on clinical and ultrasound (US) features to predict breast malignancy in males. METHODS: The medical records between August, 2021 and February, 2023 were retrospectively collected from the database. Patients included in this study were randomly divided into training and validation sets in a 7:3 ratio. The models for predicting the risk of malignancy in male patients with breast lesions were virtualized by the nomograms...

INTRODUCTION: The most important toxicity of transarterial radioembolization therapy applied in liver malignancies is radiation pneumonitis and fibrosis due to hepatopulmonary shunt of Yttrium-90 (90Y) microspheres. Currently, Technetium-99m macroaggregated albumin (99mTc-MAA) scintigraphic images are used to estimate lung shunt fraction (LSF) before treatment. The aim of this study was to create a phantom to calculate exact LFS rates according to 99mTc activities in the phantom and to compare these rates with LSF values calculated from scintigraphic images...

Diagnostic and interventional angiograms are instrumental in the multidisciplinary approach to CAD management, enabling accurate diagnosis and effective targeted treatments that significantly enhance patient care and cardiovascular outcomes. However, cath lab staff, including interventional cardiologists, is consistently exposed to ionizing radiation, which poses inherent health risks. Radiation exposure in the cath lab primarily results from the use of fluoroscopy and cineangiography during diagnostic and interventional procedures...

BACKGROUND: Radiation exposure poses a significant threat to reproductive health, particularly the male reproductive system. The testes, being highly sensitive to radiation, are susceptible to damage that can impair fertility and overall reproductive function. The study aims to investigate the radioprotective effects of apigenin on the testis through histopathological evaluation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This research involved utilizing a total of 40 mice, which were randomly divided into eight groups of five mice each...

BACKGROUND: Lung and breast cancer are the most frequent causes of death from cancer globally. The objectives of this research were to evaluate the serum mitochondrial open reading frame of the 12S rRNA-c (MOTS-c) and humanin levels in lung or breast cancer patients, and investigate the impacts of radiation therapy on the circulating levels of these peptides. METHODS: 35 lung cancer patients, 34 breast cancer patients, and healthy volunteers as a control group were recruited in this prospective observatory research...

BACKGROUND: The modern world faces a growing concern about the possibility of accidental radiation events. The Hematopoietic system is particularly vulnerable to radiationinduced apoptosis, which can lead to death. Metformin, a drug used to treat diabetes, has been shown to protect normal cells and tissues from the toxic effects of radiation. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of metformin in mitigating radiation injury to the gastrointestinal and hematological systems of rats...

INTRODUCTION: The aim of this work was to prepare a selective nuclear medicine imaging probe for the Endothelin 1 receptor A in the brain. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Ferulic acid (an ETRA antagonist) was radiolabeled using 131I by direct electrophilic substitution method. The radiolabeled ferulic acid was formulated as polymeric micelles to allow intranasal brain delivery. Biodistribution was studied in Swiss albino mice by comparing brain uptake of 131I-ferulic acid after IN administration of 131I-ferulic acid polymeric micelles, IN administration of 131I-ferulic acid solution and IV administration of 131I-ferulic acid solution...

Radiopharmaceuticals are in the diagnosis and treatment of cancerous and noncancerous diseases, and a hope for optimistic effort in the field of nuclear medicine. They play a crucial role in clinical nuclear medicine by providing a tool to comprehend human disease and create efficient treatments. A detailed analysis is provided regarding the crux of molecular imaging including PET and SPECT overview for the detection of cancers. For a specified understanding of radiation therapy, topics include ranging from the selection of radionuclide to its development and manufacture, and dosage requirements to establishing the importance of I- 131 Radiotherapy in thyroid cancer...

BACKGROUND: Radiation exposure has been linked to the development of brain damage and cognitive impairment, but the protective effect and mechanism of Lycium barbarum pills (LBP) on radiation-induced neurological damage remains to be clarified. METHODS: Behavioral tests and immunohistochemical studies were conducted to evaluate the protective effects of LBP extract (10 g/kg orally daily for 4 weeks) against radiation-induced damage on neurogenesis and cognitive function in Balb/c mice exposed to 5...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The study aimed to investigate the clinical efficacy of CT-guided microwave ablation (MWA) combined with 125I seed implantation or bronchial arterial infusion (BAI) chemotherapy in the treatment of malignant pulmonary tumors. METHODS: A total of 56 patients who underwent MWA, MWA combined with 125I particle implantation, or MWA combined with BAI chemotherapy for advanced lung cancer or metastatic lung cancer from January 2015 to June 2021 in Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital were enrolled...