Cuadernos de Bioética : Revista Oficial de la Asociación Española de Bioética y Ética Médica

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Organic Law 3/2021, of March 24, regulating euthanasia, has intensified a harsh debate. A priori, it is a conflict of bioethical values and a different anthropological vision between the different parties, however, we must not forget that perhaps before considering any debate, it is necessary to correctly interpret what the patient really wants when he states that he wants to die. In our health system and in our society, there are certain traits and needs of the person that are ignored, and that urgently require attention for the patient...

Health care for trans people has not been among the priorities of Bioethics, so that in most of the manuals of this discipline there is no reference to this issue, or it is covered in a rather simple or measured way. However, it is necessary to note that in the last decade the bioethical debate, on gender issues in general and on transsexualism in particular, has increased significantly. This work seeks to offer the transsexual person, the health professional or the student on the trans topic tools to articulate their particular bioethical reflection...

It is common base the teaching of bioethics on the learning of the principles of autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence and justice, widely used today. In terms of ethical practice, these principles suffer from a notable inadequacy, leaving aside their ambiguity and other problems. Nevertheless, as a teaching method, they show a special incongruity, for several reasons: a) little adequacy of the terms to the concepts that want to be expressed, b) formalism that hinders the approach to reality, c) little adaptation to the needs of the student and d) be specialized terms in a field that should be fundamentally informative...

The so-called ″eugenic″ abortion has an extraordinary differential nuance compared to the other legally established modalities of abortion, which is specified in the way the woman's decision is formed, which is not prior, but a consequence of medical information received about the foetus; a decision, moreover, in which there is a clear ″discriminatory″ component, since the abortion is produced exclusively because of the disability of the foetus. This uniqueness requires attention to the context in which eugenic decisions are made, because they involve three fundamental elements which, depending on how they are made, may or may not lead to abortion: firstly, the opportunity to carry out certain prenatal tests in the absence of risk factors...

Twenty-five years ago, in 1998, the Italian Parliament approved to implement clinical trials in patients with advanced cancer to know the efficacy of an alternative cancer treatment that associated hormones, vitamins and, occasionally, chemotherapy proposed by Professor Luigi Di Bella. It was the answer to people demanding Public Health assume the cost of this therapy. Although parallel phase II trials in various tumors demonstrated the lack of activity, some professionals have continued to use this method since then and have published apparently promising results a few various scientific journals...

Epigenetics deals with the study of modifications that affect gene expression without altering the base composition of DNA. It can take place in a programmed way, such as the one that determines the different cellular specialties and tissues that arise during embryonic development, or it can occur randomly due to the influence of uncontrolled environmental factors, with possible consequences for health. The different epigenetic mechanisms that determine the states of activity or silencing of genes and their biological role in the regulation of gene expression, especially in higher animals, are presented...

Every pregnant woman in the Spanish national health system is offered the option of controlling her pregnancy by means of prenatal screening. For women in a high-risk situation, non-invasive techniques for the detection of chromosomal aneuploidies are now available, which have the advantage of not endangering the life of the fetus, facilitating subsequent prenatal genetic diagnosis. However, despite the potential medical benefits for both pregnant women and fetuses, the widespread implementation of non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT) raises a number of ethical issues...

As health-related big data research (HRBDR) has drastically increased over the last years due to the rapid development of big data analytics, a range of important ethical issues are raised. In this study, a systematic literature review was conducted. Several and interesting results emerged from this review. The term ″big data″ has not yet been clearly defined. The already existing ethical principles and concepts need to be revisited in the new HRBDR context. Traditional research ethics notions like privacy and informed consent are to be reconsidered...

Human-animal chimera research has gradually evolved to the present day, in which large projects related to the attempt to solve pathologies that help us human beings to alleviate diseases. However, it must be considered that many of these advances in science imply an important ethical dilemma in many cases, and even more so if we involve people in said experiments. In the present systematic review we sought to identify these ethical problems related to chimeras, as well as possible solutions to them proposed in the literature, including technical means for the realization of less humanized chimeras...

Medical practice has two main dimensions, one scientific and the other human, and in both, the commitment of the doctor is essential. Medical deontology, as a branch of ethics that deals with the duties and obligations of doctors, embodies in the codes of deontology the ethical principles and standards of mandatory compliance. From this point, medical practice should guarantee that patients receive an quality medical care, and to be treated with dignity and respect. In December 2022, the General Council of Official Medical Associations of Spain published a new version of the Spanish Code of Medical Ethics that aims, among other purposes, to standardize medical care of scientific and human quality...

The article describes and analyses the General Principles of the 2022 Code of Medical Ethics that are included in the articles 4 to 6 of the second chapter. The General Principles make it possible to understand and interpret the set of precepts and recommendations of the code, for which reason the study of this second chapter is of special relevance. In addition, I contextualize General Principles by relating them to other current international ethical-deontological documents. We will also review how they are extended in the broad articles of the new code...

This article describes the elaboration process of the new Spanish Code of Medical Deontology ap- proved by the General Assembly of the General Council of Medical Colleges of Spain in December 2022. The reasons for updating the deontological rules, the works carried out, the principles followed in the development of the Code and the most relevant new rules are described.

The article reviews the evolution of the deontology of the Spanish Medical Organization through how it has been reflected in the diverse codes of deontology approved by this institution. After an approximation to the spirit and contents of the first Code of ethics approved in 1978, born after the Spanish Constitution, passed that same year, which established the recognition and the need to regulate professional associations and the exercise of qualified professionals. The 1978 Code is compared with the one recently approved in December 2022, using the second 1990 Code as a bridge...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

The review of research protocols by Research Ethics Committees (RECs), essential to ensure the protection of participants, has been managed in the City of Buenos Aires through the PRIISA.BA electronic platform since January 2020. The aim of the present study was to describe ethical review times, their temporal evolution, and predictors of their duration. We conducted an observational study that included all the protocols reviewed between January 2020 and September 2021. Times to approval and to first observation were calculated...

The phenomenon of ageism in healthcare is a significant threat to elderly people's well-being. There is a literature gap regarding the topic of ageism among dental professionals in Greece. This study aims to contribute to filling this gap. A cross-sectional study was conducted using recently validated in Greece 15-item ageism 6-point Likert-scale. The scale has been previously validated in the environment of senior dental students. Purposive sampling was used to select participants. A total of 365 dentists responded to the questionnaire...

OBJECTIVE: to analyse the activity of the Medical Ethics and Deontology Commission (MEDC) of the College of Physicians of Cordoba regarding conflictive situations in the profession from 2013 through 2021. MATERIAL AND METHODS: cross-sectional observational study, in which 83 cases of complaints submitted to the College were collected. RESULTS: the incidence was 2.6 complaints‰ members/year, with a total of 92 doctors reported. 61.4% were submitted by the patient, 92...

The current scenario of health sciences, and of Medicine in particular, is characterized by the growing role of Artificial Intelligence (AI), thus projecting towards the consolidation of a new model of Medicine. Along with the undeniable advantages offered by the application of AI for the diagnosis and treatment of complex clinical problems, some ethical questions arise, which demand careful reflection. However, most of the literature that addresses the ethical issues associated with the use of AI in medicine does so from the poiesis' perspective...