Retinal Cases & Brief Reports

PURPOSE: To report a case of multiple choroidal neovascularizations (CNVs) secondary to choroidal osteoma injected with a total of 13 anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) drugs over a long-term follow up of 6-year period. METHODS: Case report. RESULTS: A 29-year-old female presented with a peripapillary choroidal osteoma in her left eye with the best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) of 20/25. After 2 years of follow-up, two foci of CNV (one was at the infra-nasal of the optic disc, and the other was near the sub-temporal vascular arch), and massive subretinal hemorrhage developed overlying the osteoma, causing decreased BCVA of 20/33...

PURPOSE: To showcase the spectrum between APMPPE and relentless placoid utilizing ultra-widefield imaging findings of a case of acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy (APMPPE) progressing to relentless placoid chorioretinitis (RPC). METHODS: A 23-year-old Caucasian female presented with worsening vision in both eyes. Clinical examination and multimodal imaging modalities including fundus photos, fundus autofluorescence, fluorescein angiography (FA), indocyanine green angiography (ICGA) and spectral-domain optical coherence tomography and angiography were utilized to diagnose APMPPE and clinically follow the patient...

PURPOSE: To report three cases of hemorrhagic unilateral retinopathy, diagnosed by multimodal imaging. METHODS: Case report of 3 patients, 2 women and one man, aged 51, 74, and 52, respectively. RESULTS: Symptoms were acute floaters, blurred vision, or central scotoma, unilateral in all cases. The best-corrected visual acuity was 20/20 in the affected eye in 2 patients with a paracentral scotoma, and 20/160 in the third patient. Funduscopic examination revealed multiple unilateral posterior hemorrhages located in the Henle fiber layer in the macula and beneath the internal limiting membrane around the optic disc on spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT)...

PURPOSE: To present the multimodal imaging and functional exam findings in a case of combined Stargardt disease and idiopathic intracranial hypertension. METHODS: The patient was evaluated with multimodal imaging including color fundus photography, short wavelength autofluorescence, spectral domain optical coherence tomography as well as functional testing such as Humphrey visual fields and full-field electroretinogram. RESULTS: A 35-year-old woman was referred for evaluation of bilateral transient visual obscurations over the course of 2 months...

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PURPOSE: To describe a case of incontinentia pigmenti in which chorioretinal anastomosis occurred after laser photocoagulation, which was ultimately complicated by tractional and rhegmatogenous detachment. METHODS: Observational case report. RESULTS: A 2-month-old was referred to ophthalmology for a rash characteristic of incontinentia pigmenti due to concern for ocular involvement and was found to have peripheral avascular retina with early neovascularization...

PURPOSE: To report multimodal imaging features of a novel MFSD8/CLN7 pathogenic variant associated with bilateral and symmetric non-syndromic macular dystrophy. METHODS: A 63-year-old female patient presented complaining of a gradual subjective decline in visual acuity in both eyes over the previous months. This patient underwent a comprehensive ophthalmological assessment, including multimodal retinal imaging and electrophysiological testing. Given suspicion for a hereditary retinal disorder, genetic testing was pursued...

PURPOSE: To report a case of clinically diagnosed cancer-associated retinopathy (CAR) successfully treated with intravitreal corticosteroid implants without systemic immunosuppression. METHODS: Case report with multimodal imaging. RESULTS: An 80-year-old man without known systemic malignancy presented with debilitating shimmering, hemeralopia and rapidly progressive bilateral vision loss following uncomplicated cataract surgery. Mild vitritis, extensive photoreceptor loss, mottling of retinal pigmentary epithelium (RPE), and mild vascular attenuation were found in both eyes...

PURPOSE: Cystoid macular edema is a vision-threatening complication infrequently associated with hydroxychloroquine retinal toxicity. There are limited data on the best treatment for this pathology. METHODS: A retrospective case series is presented. RESULTS: In this series, we present three cases of cystoid macular edema in patients with diagnosed hydroxychloroquine maculopathy successfully treated with intravitreal dexamethasone implantation...

PURPOSE: to report our findings in a patient with presumed Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease. METHODS: report of clinical findings, fundus images, OCT, and ultrasonography. RESULTS: a 19-year-old female patient who presented with an unusual form of symptoms that fit a disease called Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease (KFD). A large choroidal mass was observed in the posterior pole, a month later the mass was completely gone. CONCLUSION: large choroidal masses can occur in patients with Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease, these do not warrant treatment as they are self-limiting...

PURPOSE: Retinal capillary hemangioblastoma (RCH) is present in about half of the carriers of the VHL (von Hippel-Lindau) gene mutation and can lead to the evolution of blindness. Herewith is a proposal for surgical intraretinal feeder vessel ligature to induce ischemia the phakoma and to resolve the exudative secondary retinal detachment, with satisfying results at the 6 months follow-up end point. METHODS: The patient underwent a chandelier-assisted 23 G pars plana vitrectomy with valved trocars...

PURPOSE: To report a surgical technique of cyclopexy, wherein two laps of encircling continuous sutures are placed around the limbus to treat refractory extensive cyclodialysis. METHODS: Color fundus photography, swept-source optical coherence tomography (OCT) for the anterior segment, and spectral-domain OCT for the macula. RESULTS: Previous attempts, including indirect cyclopexy and direct external cyclopexy with gas injection, failed to successfully resolve the severe cyclodialysis and associated hypotonic maculopathy...

PURPOSE: To report a case of primary vitreoretinal lymphoma (PVRL) relapse presenting as occlusive retinal vasculitis with secondary neovascularization. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective case report. RESULTS: A Forty-year-old woman presented to the clinic with complaints of blurring of vision in the left eye for 4 months. Her best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was 20/20 and 20/500 in the right and left eye, respectively. Both eyes' vitreous cavities showed vitreous opacities (2+)...

PURPOSE: To present a case of a young female patient with asymptomatic retinal dysfunction associated with alpha-methylacyl-CoA (AMACR) racemase deficiency. METHODS: Retrospective analysis of the medical notes of a single patient. Detailed slit-lamp examination was completed by Optos colour fundus photography and enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography (EDI-OCT). Genetic testing was conducted to establish the diagnosis, and the patient was also referred to the Department of Neurology for further assessment...

PURPOSE: To report a case of severe retinal toxicity after an attempted suicidal overdose of anti-radiation pills containing a well-known retinal pigment epithelial toxin, potassium iodate. METHODS: Clinical examination and multimodal imaging are provided from a clinic visit eleven years after the suicide attempt. RESULTS: The 42-year-old patient had widespread retinal atrophy in both eyes with near complete absence of the retinal pigment epithelium and severe retinal thinning...

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to describe findings derived from extensions of optical coherence tomography, including volume rendering and frame-averaged optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A), in a case of acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy (APMPPE). METHODS: This is a case report of a patient with APMPPE imaged during the acute and convalescent stages. RESULTS: A 20-year-old man presented with an acute change in vision...

PURPOSE: To describe cytomegalovirus retinitis in a patient with Good syndrome (hypogammaglobulinemia and thymoma), ocular progression despite treatment and fatal outcome. METHODS: A 71-year-old woman with unilateral panuveitis of unknown cause and a history of thymoma resection was referred to the clinic. Visual acuity was 20/100 in her right eye and light perception in her left eye. In slit-lamp examination, the right eye had inferior, fine, pigmented keratic precipitates, 2+ anterior chamber cells, cataract, and 2+ vitreous cells, with no fundus detail and normal ocular ultrasound results...

BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: To describe the clinical, optical coherence tomography (OCT), fundus autofluorescence and ultrasound findings of a patient with a choroidal nevus actively exuding vitelliform material in the setting of autosomal dominant Best dystrophy (BD). METHODS: The patient's clinical course was followed over time with ophthalmic examinations and multimodal imaging. RESULTS: A 71-year-old male patient with BD was referred for evaluation of a choroidal nevus in the right eye...

PURPOSE: To report the clinicopathological findings of retinal vasoproliferative tumor/reactive retinal astrocytic tumor (VPT/RRAT) with retinal vasculitis, treated by tumor resection. METHODS: A retrospective single case report. PATIENT: A 29-year-old Japanese woman was referred with cystoid macular edema and retinal vasculitis in the right eye. Best-corrected visual acuity was 0.9. Results of fundus examination, optical coherence tomography, and fluorescein angiography demonstrated VPT/RRATs in the temporal retina surrounded by a subretinal exudate, serous retinal detachment and macular edema, and retinal vasculitis...

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to report a 30-year-old woman with Eales disease, showing bilateral proliferative tissue. The retinal vessels were evaluated using widefield optical coherence tomography angiography (widefield OCTA), which has a wider angle of view compared with conventional instruments. METHODS: This is a case report. RESULTS: Widefield OCTA showed an extensive nonperfusion area and A-V shunt in both eyes and a vascular structure in the left eye that appeared to be retinal neovascularization...