Journal of Stem Cells

The regeneration patterns are innate, inherited and evolutionarily conserved mechanisms. In every individual there are certain cells and signaling networks which work together to proliferate the desired tissue lineages to replace the dead, lost and injured counter parts. This homeostasis mechanism keeps functioning of the organ system intact. There are some tissues such as skin, gut, blood, respiratory tract, uterine endometrium, testis must perpetually renew the majority of cells. As the aging advances the turnover potentials decreases under normal circumstances, some of these respond inefficiently to regenerative pressures (eg: brain and heart) while other respond quite well...

Ex vivo erythropoiesis methods are being developed for more than a decade now, and all the distinct types of stem cells (such as CD34+ HSCs, ESCs, IPSCs, and extensively proliferating erythropoietic progenitor cells) are defined to bear the potential for large scale RBC production shortly. The various regulating factors at different levels of RBCs production are being explored. Since most of the ex-vivo erythropoiesis protocols mimic the dogma followed by hematopoietic stem cells in vivo to give rise to mature RBCs which essentially deals with the intermediate stages of erythropoiesis such as burst forming unit-erythroid (BFU-E) and committed erythroid colony forming unit-erythroid (CFU-E)...

BACKGROUND: Avascular Necrosis (AVN) of hip is a devastating condition seen in younger individuals. It is the ischemic death of the constituents of the bone cartilage of the hip. The femoral head (FH) is the most common site for AVN. It results from interruption of the normal blood flow to the FH that fits into the hip socket. Earlier studies using autologous bone marrow stem cell concentrate injections have shown encouraging results with average success rates. The current study was designed to improve significantly the cartilage regeneration and clinical outcome...

Haematopoietic stem cell normally exists in the hypoxic niche of bone marrow and in this high anaerobic condition phosphorylation is vital in understanding the stemness of these stem cells in bone marrow. Analysis of human aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) and isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) we have observed the presence of serine threonine protein kinase (STPK) sites in the protein sequence of these enzymes conferring that functioning of ALDH and IDH is regulated largely by STPK through phosphorylation. Human CD34(+) stem cells and mononuclear cells as a control isolated from peripheral blood and were propagated in DMEM media at 5% CO2, 95% humidity and at 37°C...

Ameloblastoma is a histologically benign odontogenic tumour and has a tendency of locally aggressive behaviour. This is second most prevalent odontogenic tumour and most common in the molar-ramus-angle region and surgical resection is only treatment option. In this article, we propose an innovative approach to deal with these cases by using alloplastic graft with cord stem cells. Over 2.5 years follow-up, we could demonstrate bone regeneration using this technique with no recurrence. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of successful regeneration of part of ramus and body of mandible using allogeneic cord stem cells in cases of Ameloblastoma...

Therapeutic potential of adipose derived stem cells (ADSCs) has widely been explored for treatment of orthopedic ailments. Transplantation of cells encapsulated in a scaffold facilitates 3 dimensional modelling of the tissue for the cases where well-defined spatial distribution of cells is desired for implantation. Present study aims to encapsulate canine ADSCs (cADSCs) in biodegradable methacrylated gelatin gel (GelMA) scaffold followed by their osteogenic differentiation for fabrication of a three dimensional bone tissue construct...

Stem cells are self-renewing and undifferentiated cell types that can be differentiate into functional cells. Stem cells can be classified into two main types based on their source of origin: Embryonic and Adult stem cells. Stem cells also classified based on the range of differentiation potentials into Totipotent, Pluripotent, Multipotent, and Unipotent. Multipotent stem cells have the ability to differentiate into all cell types within one particular lineage. There are plentiful advantages and usages for multipotent stem cells...

Background: The importance of solid organ transplants is increasing due to the increasing incidence of end-stage organ diseases. With the limitations facing the recruitment of the suitable grafts, ex vivo organ perfusion (EVOP) techniques have been developed to increase the graft acceptance rates and improve the clinical outcomes. Methodology: The role of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in this regard is not limited to the regenerative ability. MSCs have proved their ability to effectively modulate the immune response and inflammation...

Hair loss can have major psychological impact on affected population belonging to varied ethnic background. Hair is a mini organ in itself and serves many distinguishing functions ranging from maintaining body temperature to promoting social interactions. Major cause of hair loss is androgenic alopecia. Hair follicles possess receptor for androgen. However, DHT (Dihydrotestosterone) in excess results into shrinkage of hair follicle affecting hair growth adversely. The present review is focused on etiology of hair loss, traditional treatment approach and their limitations with side effects with special emphasis on unique properties of stem cells, favourable growth factors secreted by stem cells and strategies to enhance favourable growth factor/cytokine production for hair loss therapeutics...

Background: Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) has shown remarkable beneficial effects without any major adverse reactions in the treatment of androgenic alopecia .The growth factors in activated autologous PRP induces the proliferation of dermal papilla cells. Objectives: To investigate the clinical efficacy of Platelet Rich Plasma prepared using Merisis One Step Gel Separation Technology in treatment of androgenic alopecia. Methods: Five patients were given autologous PRP injections on the affected area of alopecia over a period of three months at interval of two - three weeks and results were assessed...

The objective is to investigate the safety and clinical efficacy of Autologous Platelet Rich Plasma Concentrated Spray (Keratogrow®), for hair loss. Autologous -PRP spray, prepared from a small volume of blood, was applied on the selected patients' scalps at least twice daily. Three months treatments were given for each patient. The effectiveness of the medication was measured by changes in hair regrowth after 3 months determined by physical exam and digital photography. At the end of the 3 cycles of treatment, the patients presented clinical improvement in the mean number of hairs, with a mean increase of hairs in the target area, and a mean increase in total hair density compared with baseline values...

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With age the quantity of pluripotent stem cells gradually decreases. It leads to violation of renewal of tissues, including tissues of endocrine organs, at people over 35-40 years old. Artificial formation of the chimeral individual may be used for recovery of the pool of pluripotent stem cells in patients older than 40-50 years old. Transfusions of mononuclear fraction of peripheral blood procured from young donors 18-23 years old with the same blood groups and sex as the recipient (patent of the Russian Federation № 2350340), allows people over 40 years old to reestablish the pool of pluripotent stem cells, the process of tissue renewal and the production of sex hormones, and can also be seen as a promising way to reduce biological age, while providing a significant prolongation of life and while maintaining a high quality of life...

Cicatricial tissue, being the local center of sclerosis, replaces the wound or focus of cell death. Scarring is caused by various types of injuries, including operations, as well as by a number of diseases. Scarring often culminates in the formation of strictures and other complications. Integrated stimulation of regeneration that takes the role of the immune system into account, in conjunction with the prescription of enzyme preparations possessing proteolytic activity, can be used to reduce the severity of sclerosis of damaged tissues...

The review article is devoted to a role of pluripotent stem cells and immune system in renewal of tissues (regeneration). Cell-precursors (progenitor cells) and differentiated cells can be divided a limited number of times and aren't capable of ensuring regeneration of tissues during the whole process of ontogenesis. The renewal of tissues during the whole long period is impossible without the participation of a specialized system which is responsible for regeneration. The given system is made up of pluripotent stem cells which are capable of differentiating themselves into all types of somatic cells, and into a line of genital cells...

The majority of populations of differentiated cells are subject to renewal. Progenitor cells (cells-predecessors) and differentiated cells, having started the differentiation pathway or having finished it, can divide a limited number of times and are not capable of ensuring tissue regeneration during the whole period of ontogenesis. Renewal of tissues over such a long period is impossible without the participation of a specialized system which is responsible for regeneration. The given system is represented by pluripotent stem cells...

INTRODUCTION: Spinal cord injury is a traumatic neurological condition which makes the patient disable. Its management still remains challenging but advancements in the regenerative medicine have changed the approach of treating this serious debilitating condition of the central nervous system. Cell based therapies can restore function in spinal cord injury by replacing the lost neural tissue. These therapies also rejuvenate the existing intact neurons by facilitating remyelination and by repairing and reducing progressive tissue damage and scarring...

Background: Stem cell therapy is a promising treatment for cerebral palsy, which refers to a category of brain diseases that are associated with chronic motor disability in children. Autologous bone marrow stem cells may be a better cell source and have been studied for the treatment of cerebral palsy because of their functions in tissue repair and the regulation of immunological processes. Methods: To assess autologous marrow stem cells as a novel treatment for patients with moderate-to-severe cerebral palsy, a total of 10 cerebral palsy patients were enrolled in this clinical study with 24 months follow-up...

Autism is a neural disorder presenting in the early developmental period, usually in the first 2 years of life. It is characterized by persistent deficits in social communication and social interaction, restricted and repetitive patterns of behavior, interests, or activities, and causes clinically significant impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning. Cellular therapy is an advanced approach to treat disorders where current therapies do not offer a cure or efficient symptom relief...

Objective: To report the safety and therapeutic effectiveness of application of concentrated bone marrow aspirate in three bedridden patients with weakness in both legs, and monitor potential improvement in neurological outcomes. Design: Case report. Intervention: Five infusions of 3x108 mononuclear cells were administrated with 12 week intervals. Bone marrow (240ML) were obtained from the posterior superior iliac spine and Bone marrow mononuclear cells were enriched by standard manual close method under aseptic condition...