Recent Patents on Anti-infective Drug Discovery

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BACKGROUND: In recent decades, enormous efforts for different drug discovery processes have led to a number of drug molecules available today to overcome different challenges of the health care system. Unfortunately, more than half of these drugs are listed in either BCS (biopharmaceutical classification system) class II/ IV or both are eliminated from the development pipeline due to their limited clinical use. A nanotechnological approach bears much hope and lipoidal fabrication is found to be suitable for the delivery of such drugs...

Lyme's Disease (LD) is a severe, rapidly growing, broad spectrum chronic infection caused by the bacterium 'Borrelia (B.) burgdorferi', which can be easily transmitted through the bite of certain species of ticks. The prevalence of LD is swiftly mounting in the present scenario in many countries from species to species. Although Lyme's infection is now detectable via serologic examination of early and late Lyme neuroborreliosis (LNB), the management of persistent symptoms is still fraught with quora of doubt and debate...

BACKGROUNDS: Acne vulgaris is a common chronic skin disease that affects around 9.4% (approx. 650 million people) of the global population. Growing research in the field of nanomedicine over the years has now been exploited in management of various human disorders. The nanomedicine concept has an immense opportunity for the effective management and control of acne disease by designing a novel, low-dose topical delivery system. Topical nanoemulsion-based gel preparations are said to have various benefits over the conventional formulations...

There is a need for the development of liposomes based nanomedicines formulation for better efficacy and safety of the available drugs in the market. Liposomes have various applications in the field of pharmaceutical and medical field for their drug target potential, diagnostic importance and imaging techniques. Natural plant based drugs and their derivatives have been used in the medicine, nutraceuticals, perfumery, cosmetic and beverages industry. More than half of the prescribed drugs in the worldwide are mainly derived from different natural sources...

BACKGROUND: Carvacrol is the major constituent of essential oils derived from plants. It exhibits antimicrobial, antioxidant, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and anticholinesterase activity. The analogues of carvacrol can be prepared via selected synthetic routes, resulting in potent compounds. OBJECTIVE: Modifying carvacrol by the introduction of selected functionalities has the potential to enhance the biological activity of carvacrol. The functionalities on carvacrol such as the hydroxyl group, benzene ring and alkyl groups can be modified or used for hybridization with important pharmaceutical scaffolds...

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: AIDS (acquired immune deficient syndrome), a deadly human infectious disease is caused by HIV (human immunodeficiency viruses) infection. Patient's mortality was eventually reduced to one-fourth by combined chemotherapy (usually 3 chemical drugs simultaneously) than earlier HIV/AIDS treatments (single drug or vaccine) in the clinic. RESULTS: Combined treatments against HIV/AIDS are still incurable for all patients despite a high rate of patient's survival...

AIM AND BACKGROUND: Azoles as antifungal drugs, has been used to treat leishmaniasis for many years. Several evidences suggesting that the primary target of azoles is the heme protein, which cocatalyzes cytochrome P-450-dependent 14α-demethylation of lanosterol. Little is known about the structural changes caused by azoles with atomic force microscopy (AFM) or scanning electron microscopy (SEM). In the current work several patented antileishmanial agents reviewed (US8809555) (US 0269803 A1) (TW201802093 A)...

BACKGROUND: Acne is a multifactorial skin disease associated with pilosebaceous unit and caused by bacteria Propionibacterium acnes and Acne vulgaris. Near about 95% people throughout the world suffer from acne at some point in their life span. This disease is more prominent in adults compared to neonates and prepubescent children. Conventionally it is treated with either creams or gels having large number of side effects on patients. METHODS: We searched about recent advancements in the use of nanotechnological carriers for effective treatment of acne...

BACKGROUND: According to the World Health Organization, skin cancer is the most common malignancy for the population. Conventional skin cancer treatment includes surgery and chemotherapy, but many of the chemotherapeutic agents used present undesirable properties. There are number of patents on topical nano formulation like nanoparticle (US9757453; US9457041), liposomes (US2018177726 (A1), has been covered in this review in the treatment of skin cancer. METHODS: Encapsulated drugs are advantageous due to such properties as high stability, better bioavailability, controlled drug release, a long blood circulation time, selective organ or tissue distribution, a lower total required dose, and minimal toxic side effects...

BACKGROUND: Hospital wastewater has a high amount of both organic and inorganic matter, as well as high densities of living organisms, including pathogenic, and environmental bacteria. It has been suggested that genes encoding resistance to antibiotic can be located together with heavy metals resistance genes on either the same genetic structure (plasmid), or different genetic structures within the same bacterial strain. Resistance transfer is mainly attributed to conjugation since many antimicrobial resistance genes are situated on mobile elements, such as plasmids and conjugative transposons, whereas renovation and transduction are usually more limited...

BACKGROUND: After the era of serendipitous discovery of penicillin and outburst in the discovery and development of highly efficient antibiotics, a surge in resistance against the target specific drugs was observed, primarily due to a combination of selective pressure of antibiotics use and spontaneous mutations. As per the World Health Organization, antibiotic resistance is one of the greatest threats to the mankind. OBJECTIVE: Short antimicrobial peptides (SAMPs) can be considered as a viable therapeutic alternative to conventional antibiotics in tackling resistant microbes...

BACKGROUND: Mycobacterium tuberculosis as an intracellular pathogen causes tuberculosis (TB). Due to the long time required for treatment, hepatotoxicity of drugs and also emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) and extremely drug resistant (XDR) strains, TB is currently a major public health problem. Some medicinal plants possess remarkable activity against Mycobacterium. Among them, Lamiaceae family are of pharmaceutical interest because of their potential antimicrobial properties. The aim of the study was to evaluate the in vitro activities of Satureja rechingeri, Satureja khuzestanica and Zataria multiflora against MDR M...

BACKGROUND: Multi-drug resistance among Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) clinical isolates is increasing and becoming a serious problem for public health authorities worldwide. OBJECTIVE: The aim of current study is the introducing a potent antibacterial compound against the resistant P. aeruginosa. The recent patents on antimicrobial properties of extracts drived from Apiaceae family plants (WO2017216602A1, KR20050054247A and KR100285781B1) were used to to assess other member Ferula gummosa (F...

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The global spread of carbapenemase-encoding genes among Gram-negative nosocomial pathogens has led to the revival of polymyxins. Colistin and polymyxin B, despite their serious adverse effects, have become last resort treatment options for multi- or even extensively-drug-resistant bacterial infections due to Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Their use, however, has been followed by an increase in polymyxin resistance rates and the spread of transferable resistance genes limiting further the treatment options and contributing to the emergence of pan-drug-resistance...

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