journal
https://read.qxmd.com/read/26958072/purpose-in-life-in-emerging-adulthood-development-and-validation-of-a-new-brief-measure
#21
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Patrick L Hill, Grant W Edmonds, Missy Peterson, Koen Luyckx, Judy A Andrews
Accruing evidence points to the value of studying purpose in life across adolescence and emerging adulthood. Research though is needed to understand the unique role of purpose in life in predicting well-being and developmentally relevant outcomes during emerging adulthood. The current studies (total n = 669) found support for the development of a new brief measure of purpose in life using data from American and Canadian samples, while demonstrating evidence for two important findings. First, purpose in life predicted well-being during emerging adulthood, even when controlling for the Big Five personality traits...
May 1, 2016: Journal of Positive Psychology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/27800009/positive-psychology-in-context-effects-of-expressing-gratitude-in-ongoing-relationships-depend-on-perceptions-of-enactor-responsiveness
#22
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Sara B Algoe, Ruixue Zhaoyang
Recent correlational evidence implicates gratitude in personal and relational growth, for both members of ongoing relationships. From these observations, it would be tempting to prescribe interpersonal gratitude exercises to improve relationships. In this experiment, couples were randomly assigned to express gratitude over a month, or to a relationally-active control condition. Results showed modest effects of condition on personal and relational well-being. However, those whose partners were perceived as being particularly responsive when expressing gratitude at the initial lab session showed greater well-being across a range of outcomes, whereas this was not so for people in the control condition...
2016: Journal of Positive Psychology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/27574528/exploring-well-being-among-us-hispanics-latinos-in-a-church-based-institution-a-qualitative-study
#23
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Rosalba Hernandez, Mercedes Carnethon, Frank J Penedo, Lizet Martinez, Julia Boehm, Stephen M Schueller
Major theories informing conceptions of psychological well-being draw heavily from Western-centric perspectives, which often neglect culturally bound frameworks. We investigated how U.S. Hispanics/Latinos conceptualize well-being, how psychosocial and behavioral aspects may increase well-being, and how psychosocial stressors may impact positive emotional states. Spanish-speaking Hispanic/Latino adults were recruited from a church in an urban city in the U.S. and invited to participate in focus groups. Two groups of women (n=19) and one group of men (n=8) participated...
2016: Journal of Positive Psychology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/27499798/impact-of-psychoeducational-content-delivered-online-to-a-positive-psychology-aware-community
#24
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Carly Haeck, Stephen M Schueller, Acacia C Parks
Happiness-increasing interventions demonstrate significant variation in outcomes, suggesting that the people who use them might be as important as the interventions themselves to determine efficacy. In light of this, instructive interventions might not be necessary to increase happiness given a population with knowledge of happiness-increasing strategies. We recruited 270 participants with knowledge of positive psychology to receive six weeks of online psychoeducation. We explored participants' use of the website, reported use of happiness strategies, and changes in well-being...
2016: Journal of Positive Psychology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/26997969/a-longitudinal-investigation-of-relational-catalyst-support-of-goal-strivings
#25
Jennifer M Tomlinson, Brooke C Feeney, Meredith Van Vleet
The goal of this work was to test a theoretical model of relational catalyst support provision that promotes thriving in non-adverse times. We tested a pathway proposed by Feeney and Collins (2014) that explains how relational catalyst support in the context of close relationships might lead to thriving. We proposed that once relational catalyst support has been received, it functions through the mechanisms of being perceived to be responsive to one's needs and promoting perceived capability. Perceived capability should promote indices of thriving including self-esteem, goal accomplishment, growth, and specific and general availability of support...
2016: Journal of Positive Psychology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/26640507/stressful-life-events-and-predictors-of-post-traumatic-growth-among-high-risk-early-emerging-adults
#26
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Thalida E Arpawong, Louise A Rohrbach, Joel E Milam, Jennifer B Unger, Helen Land, Ping Sun, Donna Spruijt-Metz, Steve Sussman
Stressful life events (SLEs) may elicit positive psychosocial change among youth, referred to as Post-traumatic Growth (PTG). We assessed types of SLEs experienced, degree to which participants reported PTG, and variables predicting PTG across 24 months among a sample of high risk, ethnically diverse early emerging adults. Participants were recruited from alternative high schools (n = 564; mean age=16.8; 65% Hispanic). Multi-level regression models were constructed to examine the impact of environmental (SLE quantity, severity) and personal factors (hedonic ability, perceived stress, developmental stage, future time orientation) on a composite score of PTG...
January 1, 2016: Journal of Positive Psychology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/26561494/the-glass-is-half-full-and-half-empty-a-population-representative-twin-study-testing-if-optimism-and-pessimism-are-distinct-systems
#27
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Timothy C Bates
Optimism and pessimism are associated with important outcomes including health and depression. Yet it is unclear if these apparent polar opposites form a single dimension or reflect two distinct systems. The extent to which personality accounts for differences in optimism/pessimism is also controversial. Here, we addressed these questions in a genetically informative sample of 852 pairs of twins. Distinct genetic influences on optimism and pessimism were found. Significant family-level environment effects also emerged, accounting for much of the negative relationship between optimism and pessimism, as well as a link to neuroticism...
November 1, 2015: Journal of Positive Psychology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/25972912/how-self-enhancers-adapt-well-to-loss-the-mediational-role-of-loneliness-and-social-functioning
#28
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Oscar H Yan, George A Bonanno
OBJECTIVE: The tendency toward unrealistically optimistic self-serving biases, known as trait self-enhancement, has been associated with both adaptive benefits and negative social consequences. This study explored these potential benefits and costs in the context of conjugal bereavement. METHOD: The study included 94 individuals who had experienced the death of a spouse 1.5-3.0 years prior. The sample (62 female, 32 male) ranged in age from 37 to 60 ( M = 51.45, SD = 6...
July 1, 2015: Journal of Positive Psychology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/25745508/a-multidimensional-approach-to-measuring-well-being-in-students-application-of-the-perma-framework
#29
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Margaret L Kern, Lea E Waters, Alejandro Adler, Mathew A White
Seligman recently introduced the PERMA model with five core elements of psychological well-being: positive emotions, engagement, relationships, meaning, and accomplishment. We empirically tested this multidimensional theory with 516 Australian male students (age 13-18). From an extensive well-being assessment, we selected a subset of items theoretically relevant to PERMA. Factor analyses recovered four of the five PERMA elements, and two ill-being factors (depression and anxiety). We then explored the nomological net surrounding each factor by examining cross-sectional associations with life satisfaction, hope, gratitude, school engagement, growth mindset, spirituality, physical vitality, physical activity, somatic symptoms, and stressful life events...
May 4, 2015: Journal of Positive Psychology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/25431614/a-case-study-of-the-good-school-examples-of-the-use-of-peterson-s-strengths-based-approach-with-students
#30
Mathew A White, Lea E Waters
This applied case study centers on two aspects of Peterson's research as introduced into a large K-12 school in Australia: (i) creating enabling institutions and (ii) applications of character strengths. The paper describes five character strengths initiatives. Four of the strengths initiatives have been integrated into existing school experiences such as English curriculum, school sport, student leadership, and counseling. The fifth initiative involved a brand new program which introduced a Positive Education Curriculum for years K-10...
January 2, 2015: Journal of Positive Psychology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/27076837/feasibility-acceptability-and-impact-of-a-web-based-gratitude-exercise-among-individuals-in-outpatient-treatment-for-alcohol-use-disorder
#31
Amy R Krentzman, Kristin A Mannella, Afton L Hassett, Nancy P Barnett, James A Cranford, Kirk J Brower, Margaret M Higgins, Piper S Meyer
This mixed-methods pilot study examined the feasibility, acceptability, and impact of a web-based gratitude exercise (the 'Three Good Things' exercise (TGT)) among 23 adults in outpatient treatment for alcohol use disorder (AUD). Participants were randomized to TGT or a placebo condition. The intervention was feasible with high rates of completion. Participants found TGT acceptable and welcomed the structure of daily emails; however, they found it difficult at times and discontinued TGT when the study ended...
2015: Journal of Positive Psychology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/25750655/the-influence-of-self-compassion-on-emotional-well-being-among-early-and-older-adolescent-males-and-females
#32
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Karen Bluth, Priscilla W Blanton
Self-compassion has been associated with well-being in adult samples, but has rarely been assessed in adolescents. In this study, 90 students ages 11-18 completed an online survey assessing self-compassion, life satisfaction, perceived stress and positive and negative affect. Findings indicated that older female adolescents had lower self-compassion than either older male adolescents or early adolescents of either gender, and self-compassion was associated significantly with all dimensions of emotional well-being with the exception of positive affect...
2015: Journal of Positive Psychology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/31404261/unpacking-grit-motivational-correlates-of-perseverance-and-passion-for-long-term-goals
#33
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Katherine R Von Culin, Eli Tsukayama, Angela L Duckworth
In two cross-sectional studies, we explored the motivational orientations correlates of the character strength of grit and its two component facets: perseverance of effort and consistency of interests over time. Specifically, we examined how individual differences in grit are explained by distinct approaches to pursuing happiness in life: pleasure in immediately hedonically positive activities, meaning in activities that serve a higher, altruistic purpose, and engagement in attention-absorbing activities. In both samples, grit demonstrated medium-sized associations with an orientation toward engagement, small-to-medium associations with an orientation toward meaning, and small-to-medium (inverse) associations with an orientation toward pleasure...
2014: Journal of Positive Psychology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/25214877/an-online-positive-affect-skills-intervention-reduces-depression-in-adults-with-type-2-diabetes
#34
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Michael A Cohn, Martha E Pietrucha, Laura R Saslow, Jen R Hult, Judith T Moskowitz
Positive affect predicts improved glycemic control and longevity in adults with type 2 diabetes. We tested DAHLIA, a self-paced online intervention for type 2 diabetes that teaches positive affect skills such as savoring, gratitude, and acts of kindness. Participants (n=49) were randomized to the 5-week DAHLIA course or an emotion-reporting waitlist control. DAHLIA was understood and accepted by participants and showed good retention (78%). At post-intervention, DAHLIA participants showed a significantly greater decrease in depression than controls (-4...
January 1, 2014: Journal of Positive Psychology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/24748898/survivor-mission-do-those-who-survive-have-a-drive-to-thrive-at-work
#35
Lauren Eskreis-Winkler, Elizabeth P Shulman, Angela L Duckworth
Are helping professionals who have experienced the same types of struggles as their clients more engaged at work? In the current investigation, we examine this question in samples of police detectives (with and without a history of violent victimization) and mental health workers (with and without a history of mental illness). Our results indicate that police detectives who have experienced violent victimization and mental health professionals who have experienced the same mental illness as their clients do indeed exhibit greater work engagement than their colleagues who lack these parallel life experiences...
January 1, 2014: Journal of Positive Psychology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/24683417/positive-psychotherapy-for-smoking-cessation-treatment-development-feasibility-and-preliminary-results
#36
Christopher W Kahler, Nichea S Spillane, Anne Day, Elise Clerkin, Acacia Parks, Adam M Leventhal, Richard A Brown
Low positive and high negative affect predict low rates of smoking abstinence among smokers making a quit attempt. Positive Psychotherapy can both increase positive affect and decrease negative affect and therefore may be a useful adjunct to behavioral smoking counseling. The purpose of the present study was to assess the feasibility and acceptability of a Positive Psychotherapy for Smoking Cessation (PPT-S) intervention that integrates standard smoking cessation counseling with nicotine patch and a package of positive psychology interventions...
January 1, 2014: Journal of Positive Psychology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/24454524/positive-organizational-behavior-and-safety-in-the-offshore-oil-industry-exploring-the-determinants-of-positive-safety-climate
#37
Sigurd W Hystad, Paul T Bartone, Jarle Eid
Much research has now documented the substantial influence of safety climate on a range of important outcomes in safety critical organizations, but there has been scant attention to the question of what factors might be responsible for positive or negative safety climate. The present paper draws from positive organizational behavior theory to test workplace and individual factors that may affect safety climate. Specifically, we explore the potential influence of authentic leadership style and psychological capital on safety climate and risk outcomes...
January 2014: Journal of Positive Psychology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/24400022/expectancy-violations-and-the-search-for-meaning-among-breast-cancer-survivors
#38
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Rebecca J Schlegel, Mark A Manning, B Ann Bettencourt
A number of theoretical perspectives suggest that expectancy violations (EVs) threaten a person's sense of meaning and prompt efforts to reinstate meaning. Yet, little to no research has explicitly examined whether EVs predict actual efforts to search for meaning. The current research redresses this gap in the literature among a sample of breast cancer survivors. The results revealed that EVs, but not life satisfaction, positively predicted the search for meaning. By comparison, the presence of meaning was predicted by both EVs and life satisfaction...
September 1, 2013: Journal of Positive Psychology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/34326891/the-questionnaire-for-eudaimonic-well-being-psychometric-properties-demographic-comparisons-and-evidence-of-validity
#39
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Alan S Waterman, Seth J Schwartz, Byron L Zamboanga, Russell D Ravert, Michelle K Williams, V Bede Agocha, Su Yeong Kim, M Brent Donnellan
The Questionnaire for Eudaimonic Well-Being (QEWB) was developed to measure well-being in a manner consistent with how it is conceptualized in eudaimonist philosophy. Aspects of eudaimonic well-being assessed by the QEWB include self-discovery, perceived development of one's best potentials, a sense of purpose and meaning in life, intense involvement in activities, investment of significant effort, and enjoyment of activities as personally expressive. The QEWB was administered to two large, ethnically diverse samples of college students drawn from multiple sites across the United States...
2010: Journal of Positive Psychology
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