journal
https://read.qxmd.com/read/28890671/current-management-of-peritoneal-carcinomatosis-from-colorectal-cancer-the-role-of-cytoreductive-surgery-and-hyperthermic-peritoneal-chemoperfusion
#21
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Ibrahim Nassour, Patricio M Polanco
Peritoneal carcinomatosis (PC) from colorectal cancer (CRC) is a disease with a poor prognosis, often thought to be a terminal illness with no hope except for palliative treatment. New therapeutic modalities combining cytoreductive surgery (CRS) and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) have shown favorable outcomes and may provide a significant survival benefit in a selected group of patients. The main rational for CRS is to remove all visible tumor burden to allow for the chemotherapeutic agent (HIPEC) to eradicate any microscopic residual disease...
April 2017: Current Colorectal Cancer Reports
https://read.qxmd.com/read/28413363/wnt-signaling-and-colorectal-cancer
#22
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Emma M Schatoff, Benjamin I Leach, Lukas E Dow
The WNT signaling pathway is a critical mediator of tissue homeostasis and repair, and frequently co-opted during tumor development. Almost all colorectal cancers (CRC) demonstrate hyperactivation of the WNT pathway, which in many cases is believed to be the initiating and driving event. In this short review, we provide a focused overview of recent developments in our understanding of the WNT pathway in CRC, describe new research tools that are enabling a deeper understanding of WNT biology, and outline ongoing efforts to target this pathway therapeutically...
April 2017: Current Colorectal Cancer Reports
https://read.qxmd.com/read/29445322/the-impact-of-novel-radiation-treatment-techniques-on-toxicity-and-clinical-outcomes-in-rectal-cancer
#23
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Lara Hathout, Terence M Williams, Salma K Jabbour
Purpose of review: Three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy (3DCRT) has been the standard technique in the treatment of rectal cancer. The use of new radiation treatment technologies such as intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT), proton therapy (PT), stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) and brachytherapy (BT) has been increasing over the past 10 years. This review will highlight the advantages and drawbacks of these techniques. Recent findings: IMRT, PT, SBRT and BT achieve a higher target coverage conformity, a higher organ at risk sparing and enable dose escalation compared to 3DCRT...
February 2017: Current Colorectal Cancer Reports
https://read.qxmd.com/read/28367107/microsatellite-instability-pathway-and-emast-in-colorectal-cancer
#24
JOURNAL ARTICLE
John M Carethers
Microsatellite instability (MSI) refers to the biochemical detection of frameshifted microsatellite sequences from genomic DNA. Genesis of MSI is due to defective DNA mismatch repair (MMR) that fails to correct post DNA replicative slippage mistakes at microsatellites. Most of the estimated 100,000 genomic microsatellites are non-coding; however, ~150-300 microsatellites are coding such that, when frameshifted during the pathogenesis of an MSI tumor, can generate immunogenic neopeptide antigens that limit the growth of tumor and prolong patient survival...
February 2017: Current Colorectal Cancer Reports
https://read.qxmd.com/read/29249914/lifestyle-diet-and-colorectal-cancer-risk-according-to-epi-genetic-instability-current-evidence-and-future-directions-of-molecular-pathological-epidemiology
#25
REVIEW
Laura A E Hughes, Colinda C J M Simons, Piet A van den Brandt, Manon van Engeland, Matty P Weijenberg
Purpose of Review: In this review, we describe molecular pathological epidemiology (MPE) studies from around the world that have studied diet and/or lifestyle factors in relation to molecular markers of (epi)genetic pathways in colorectal cancer (CRC), and explore future perspectives in this realm of research. The main focus of this review is diet and lifestyle factors for which there is evidence for an association with CRC as identified by the World Cancer Research Fund reports. In addition, we review promising hypotheses, that warrant consideration in future studies...
2017: Current Colorectal Cancer Reports
https://read.qxmd.com/read/29104517/lifestyle-after-colorectal-cancer-diagnosis-in-relation-to-survival-and-recurrence-a-review-of-the-literature
#26
REVIEW
Moniek van Zutphen, Ellen Kampman, Edward L Giovannucci, Fränzel J B van Duijnhoven
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: This review summarizes the evidence regarding diet, physical activity, smoking, and body composition after colorectal cancer (CRC) diagnosis in relation to all-cause and CRC-specific mortality and disease recurrence and gives suggestions for future research directions. RECENT FINDINGS: Overall, this review suggests that some, albeit not all, of the well-known modifiable risk factors for cancer incidence might also be associated with CRC survival...
2017: Current Colorectal Cancer Reports
https://read.qxmd.com/read/28626361/molecular-biomarkers-of-colorectal-cancer-and-cancer-disparities-current-status-and-perspective
#27
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Upender Manne, Trafina Jadhav, Balananda-Dhurjati Kumar Putcha, Temesgen Samuel, Shivani Soni, Chandrakumar Shanmugam, Esther A Suswam
This review provides updates on the efforts for the development of prognostic and predictive markers in colorectal cancer based on the race/ethnicity of patients. Since the clinical consequences of genetic and molecular alterations differ with patient race and ethnicity, the usefulness of these molecular alterations as biomarkers needs to be evaluated in different racial/ethnic groups. To accomplish personalized patient care, a combined analysis of multiple molecular alterations in DNA, RNA, microRNAs (miRNAs), metabolites, and proteins in a single test is required to assess disease status in a precise way...
December 2016: Current Colorectal Cancer Reports
https://read.qxmd.com/read/27516729/circulating-tumor-cells-versus-circulating-tumor-dna-in-colorectal-cancer-pros-and-cons
#28
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Carlyn Rose C Tan, Lanlan Zhou, Wafik S El-Deiry
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) are emerging noninvasive multifunctional biomarkers in liquid biopsy allowing for early diagnosis, accurate prognosis, therapeutic target selection, spatiotemporal monitoring of metastasis, as well as monitoring response and resistance to treatment. CTCs and ctDNA are released from different tumor types at different stages and contribute complementary information for clinical decision. Although big strides have been taken in technology development for detection, isolation and characterization of CTCs and sensitive and specific detection of ctDNA, CTC-, and ctDNA-based liquid biopsies may not be widely adopted for routine cancer patient care until the suitability, accuracy, and reliability of these tests are validated and more standardized protocols are corroborated in large, independent, prospectively designed trials...
June 2016: Current Colorectal Cancer Reports
https://read.qxmd.com/read/27570500/minimally-invasive-liver-surgery-for-hepatic-colorectal-metastases
#29
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Ibrahim Nassour, Patricio M Polanco
Minimally invasive surgery has been cautiously introduced in surgical oncology over the last two decades due to a concern of compromised oncological outcomes. Recently, it has been adopted in liver surgery for colorectal metastases. Colorectal cancer is a major cause of cancer-related death in the USA. In addition, liver metastasis is the most common site of distant disease and its resection improves survival. While open resection was the standard of care, laparoscopic liver surgery has become the standard of care for minor liver resections...
April 2016: Current Colorectal Cancer Reports
https://read.qxmd.com/read/27656116/organoids-as-a-model-for-colorectal-cancer
#30
REVIEW
Madeleine Young, Karen R Reed
Modelling human diseases in in vitro systems is undisputedly an invaluable research tool, yet there are many limitations. Some of those limitations have been overcome through the introduction of organoid culture systems, which have revolutionised colorectal cancer research and enabled an array of new experimental techniques. This 3D system models the physiology, shape, dynamics and cell make-up of the intestinal epithelium producing a relevant and highly adaptable model system. The increased functional relevance of this model compared to the use of 2D cancer cell lines makes it an invaluable tool for both basic and translational research...
2016: Current Colorectal Cancer Reports
https://read.qxmd.com/read/27340377/imaging-advances-in-colorectal-cancer
#31
REVIEW
Svetlana Balyasnikova, Gina Brown
The optimal management of rectal cancer is achieved through a shared multidisciplinary decision making process with accurate staging by imaging being critical for treatment planning. Good quality, high-resolution MRI has become the imaging gold standard as it allows consistent staging and stratification of patients into distinct prognostic groups according to MR-findings. Imaging features other than T and N have been proven to influence patient outcomes, and increasingly these features are taken into consideration when determining treatment options: distance of tumour to the potential circumferential margin (CRM), presence of tumour within the extramural rectal vessels (EMVI), discontinuous tumour deposits (N1c), relationship to the intersphincteric plane in low rectal tumours and to pelvic compartments in advanced disease...
2016: Current Colorectal Cancer Reports
https://read.qxmd.com/read/27340376/molecular-subtypes-and-personalized-therapy-in-metastatic-colorectal-cancer
#32
REVIEW
Donna M Graham, Vicky M Coyle, Richard D Kennedy, Richard H Wilson
Development of colorectal cancer occurs via a number of key pathways, with the clinicopathological features of specific subgroups being driven by underlying molecular changes. Mutations in key genes within the network of signalling pathways have been identified; however, therapeutic strategies to target these aberrations remain limited. As understanding of the biology of colorectal cancer has improved, this has led to a move toward broader genomic testing, collaborative research and innovative, adaptive clinical trial design...
2016: Current Colorectal Cancer Reports
https://read.qxmd.com/read/27069437/aspirin-and-colorectal-cancer-prevention-and-treatment-is-it-for-everyone
#33
REVIEW
Christopher Coyle, Fay Helen Cafferty, Ruth Elizabeth Langley
There is now a considerable body of data supporting the hypothesis that aspirin could be effective in the prevention and treatment of colorectal cancer, and a number of phase III randomised controlled trials designed to evaluate the role of aspirin in the treatment of colorectal cancer are ongoing. Although generally well tolerated, aspirin can have adverse effects, including dyspepsia and, infrequently, bleeding. To ensure a favourable balance of benefits and risks from aspirin, a more personalised assessment of the advantages and disadvantages is required...
2016: Current Colorectal Cancer Reports
https://read.qxmd.com/read/30655730/epigenetic-and-immune-regulation-of-colorectal-cancer-stem-cells
#34
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Amy V Paschall, Kebin Liu
Colorectal cancer stem cells (CSCs) were initially considered to be a subset of undifferentiated tumor cells with well-defined phenotypic and molecular markers. However, emerging evidence indicates instead that colorectal CSCs are heterogeneous subsets of tumor cells that are continuously reshaped by the dynamic interactions between genetic, epigenetic, and immune factors in the tumor microenvironment. Thus, the colorectal CSC phenotypes and responsiveness to therapy may not only be a tumor cell-intrinsic feature, but also depend on tumor-extrinsic microenvironmental factors...
December 2015: Current Colorectal Cancer Reports
https://read.qxmd.com/read/28090195/complex-surgical-strategies-to-improve-resectability-in-borderline-resectable-disease
#35
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Motaz Qadan, Michael I D'Angelica
Colorectal cancer is the third most common malignancy in the USA and continues to pose a significant epidemiologic problem, despite major advances in the treatment of patients with advanced disease. Up to 50 % of patients will develop metastatic disease at some point during the course of their disease, with the liver being the most common site of metastatic disease. In this review, we address the relatively poorly defined entity of borderline-resectable colorectal liver metastases. The workup and staging of borderline-resectable disease are discussed...
December 2015: Current Colorectal Cancer Reports
https://read.qxmd.com/read/27551256/update-on-anti-angiogenesis-therapy-in-colorectal-cancer
#36
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Kristen K Ciombor, Richard M Goldberg
Angiogenesis is a complex biologic process critical to growth and proliferation of colorectal cancer. The safety and efficacy of various anti-angiogenic agents have been investigated in many treatment settings. Bevacizumab, an anti-vascular endothelial growth factor agent, has efficacy in both the first-line setting and beyond progression in metastatic colorectal cancer. The decoy vascular endothelial growth factor receptor aflibercept has been approved in combination with 5-fluorouracil, leucovorin and irinotecan-based chemotherapy in metastatic colorectal cancer patients whose disease has progressed on a prior oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy regimen...
December 2015: Current Colorectal Cancer Reports
https://read.qxmd.com/read/27212896/epigenetics-and-colorectal-neoplasia-the-evidence-for-physical-activity-and-sedentary-behavior
#37
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Elizabeth Hibler
Studies demonstrate that regular physical activity and, more recently, limited sedentary behavior are associated with reduced risk of colorectal neoplasia. However, the biological mechanisms of action for physical activity versus sedentary behavior are not clear. Epigenetic variation is suggested as a potential mechanism that would allow for independent, or possibly even synergistic, effects of activity and inactivity on colorectal epithelium. We describe the evidence for epigenetic variation as a link between physical activity and sedentary behavior in colorectal neoplasia risk...
December 2015: Current Colorectal Cancer Reports
https://read.qxmd.com/read/26997937/genetic-basis-for-colorectal-cancer-disparities
#38
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Rahul Nayani, Hassan Ashktorab, Hassan Brim, Adeyinka O Laiyemo
African Americans suffer the highest burden from colorectal cancer (CRC) in the USA. Studies have suggested that healthcare access and poorer utilization of preventive services may be playing more of a role in this disparity. However, African Americans also tend to develop CRC at younger ages and are more likely to have proximal cancers. This raises the possibility of higher genetic predisposition to CRC among African Americans and this has not been well studied. In this article, we reviewed possible genetic basis underpinning biological differences in CRC burden in the USA...
December 1, 2015: Current Colorectal Cancer Reports
https://read.qxmd.com/read/26441489/immunotherapy-of-metastatic-colorectal-cancer-prevailing-challenges-and-new-perspectives
#39
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Timothy J Zumwalt, Ajay Goel
Patients with recurring or metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) have strikingly low long-term survival, while conventional treatments such as chemotherapeutic intervention and radiation therapy marginally improve longevity. Although, many factors involving immunosurveillance and immunosuppression were recently validated as important for patient prognosis and care, a multitude of experimental immunotherapies designed to combat unresectable mCRC have, in few cases, successfully mobilized antitumor immune cells against malignancies, nor conclusively or consistently granted protection, complete remission, and/or stable disease from immunotherapy - of which benefit less than 10% of those receiving therapy...
June 1, 2015: Current Colorectal Cancer Reports
https://read.qxmd.com/read/26617477/treatment-individualization-in-colorectal-cancer
#40
REVIEW
Robin M J M van Geel, Jos H Beijnen, René Bernards, Jan H M Schellens
Colorectal cancer has been characterized as a genetically heterogeneous disease, with a large diversity in molecular pathogenesis resulting in differential responses to therapy. However, the currently available validated biomarkers KRAS, BRAF, and microsatellite instability do not sufficiently cover this extensive heterogeneity and are therefore not suitable to successfully guide personalized treatment. Recent studies have focused on novel targets and rationally designed combination strategies. Furthermore, a more comprehensive analysis of the underlying biology of the disease revealed distinct phenotypic differences within subgroups of patients harboring the same genetic driver mutation with both prognostic and predictive relevance...
2015: Current Colorectal Cancer Reports
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