journal
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36373155/toxicity-management-in-the-era-of-changing-treatment-paradigms-for-locally-advanced-rectal-cancer
#1
REVIEW
Anjalika R Kumar, Nina N Sanford
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Treatment paradigms for locally advanced rectal cancer have evolved over the last several decades. Patients now have several different "standard" options with different radiation courses, sequencing of treatment modality and in some scenarios potentially avoidance of surgery. In this context, an updated understanding of treatment toxicity is needed to help patients make informed decision regarding their treatment. RECENT FINDINGS: The RAPIDO study showed no difference in cumulative rate or grade of toxicity between short and long course radiation...
2022: Current Colorectal Cancer Reports
https://read.qxmd.com/read/33132786/treating-colorectal-cancer-with-immunotherapy-implications-for-single-versus-combination-therapy
#2
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Sophiya Karki, Shahid Umar, Anup Kasi
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second leading cause of cancer-associated deaths in the United States, with most metastatic cases subsequently turning refractory to standard chemotherapy. One of the promising current interventions is immunotherapy that relies on harnessing the body's immune mechanisms to kill the cancer cells. The aim of this review is to highlight the implications of single versus combination immunotherapy and identify the molecular features and mutations that enhance or deter responsiveness...
October 2020: Current Colorectal Cancer Reports
https://read.qxmd.com/read/32905465/molecular-pathogenesis-and-classification-of-colorectal-carcinoma
#3
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Anup Kasi, Shivani Handa, Sajjad Bhatti, Shahid Umar, Ajay Bansal, Weijing Sun
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Molecular pathways in colorectal carcinogenesis involve several complex genetic and epigenetic modulations that cause normal colonic mucosa to metamorphose into a benign polyp and subsequently into a malignant tumor. Our purpose is to recapitulate historical and recent genomic research in order to augment the understanding of colorectal cancer pathogenesis. RECENT FINDINGS: In 2015, the molecular classification for colorectal cancers was unified into one system with four distinct groups, also called as consensus molecular subtypes...
September 2020: Current Colorectal Cancer Reports
https://read.qxmd.com/read/32607098/immunotherapy-in-colorectal-cancer-potential-of-fecal-transplant-and-microbiota-augmented-clinical-trials
#4
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Robin Park, Shahid Umar, Anup Kasi
Purpose of review: This review summarizes the role of the microbiome in colorectal cancer (CRC) in the setting of immunotherapy and emphasizes the potential of microbiota-influencing strategies with a focus on the use of fecal microbiota transplant (FMT). Recent findings: Observations from preclinical and clinical studies suggest that the human gut microbiome is implicated in the CRC carcinogenesis and is integral in determining the clinical response and toxicity to immunotherapy...
August 2020: Current Colorectal Cancer Reports
https://read.qxmd.com/read/32632345/quality-of-life-after-radiotherapy-for-rectal-and-anal-cancer
#5
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Shane S Neibart, Sharon L Manne, Salma K Jabbour
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: With advances in radiation therapy (RT) techniques for rectal and anal cancers allowing for the modulation of critical normal tissues, there has been an increased emphasis on improving the quality of life (QOL) of cancer survivors. Herein, we review the literature to examine the impact of RT on QOL and patient reported outcomes (PROs) to better inform providers about the challenges of survivorship. RECENT FINDINGS: Large systematic reviews, recent studies and long-term follow-up of pivotal clinical trials have shown that RT impacts QOL, particularly fecal continence and sexual function...
February 2020: Current Colorectal Cancer Reports
https://read.qxmd.com/read/31680787/the-duplex-interaction-of-microbiome-with-chemoradiation-and-immunotherapy-potential-implications-for-colorectal-cancer
#6
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Azhar Saeed, Fariha Faruk Eshrat, Shahid Umar, Anwaar Saeed
Purpose of review: Gut microbiota has the ability to modify the metabolism of wide array of therapeutic drugs. Current treatment modalities used in colorectal cancer have a narrow therapeutic index with a side effects profile that decreases tolerance to these treatments and adversely affects treatment outcome. Harnessing the gut microbiota ability to modify oncotherapeutic drugs metabolism and hence efficacy, could be potentially used to improve treatment outcomes in colorectal cancer patients...
June 2019: Current Colorectal Cancer Reports
https://read.qxmd.com/read/31762713/systemic-therapy-in-braf-v600e-mutant-metastatic-colorectal-cancer-recent-advances-and-future-strategies
#7
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Van K Morris
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: This review seeks to detail the clinical and pathologic features specific to BRAF V600E colorectal cancer. Application of novel preclinical findings translated into the clinic for the development of new therapeutic options for patients with BRAF V600E metastatic colorectal cancer will be detailed. RECENT FINDINGS: While BRAF inhibitors in monotherapy do not have the same clinical activity for colorectal cancer relative to other solid tumors harboring an oncogenic BRAF V600E mutation, combination approaches targeting BRAF + MEK +EGFR hold promise for patients BRAF V600E colorectal cancer...
April 2019: Current Colorectal Cancer Reports
https://read.qxmd.com/read/31130830/targeted-therapy-in-metastatic-colorectal-cancer-current-standards-and-novel-agents-in-review
#8
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Rebecca A DeStefanis, Jeremy D Kratz, Philip B Emmerich, Dustin A Deming
Purpose of Review: Treatment options for patients with metastatic colorectal cancer continue to advance as the therapeutic implications of the molecular subtypes of this disease are becoming better understood. DNA sequencing and mismatch repair assessment are now standard of care analyses for patients with metastatic colorectal cancer Thi review describes important aspects of the biology of the clinically relevant molecular subtypes of colorectal cancer based on the current standard of care testing...
April 2019: Current Colorectal Cancer Reports
https://read.qxmd.com/read/31728133/a-surgeon-s-guide-to-treating-older-patients-with-colorectal-cancer
#9
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Sooyeon Kim, Simon C Lee, Celette S Skinner, Cynthia J Brown, Courtney J Balentine
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Review strategies to improve outcomes of colorectal cancer treatment in older patients. RECENT FINDINGS: Older colorectal patients face many barriers to recovery during their initial inpatient stay following surgery and after leaving the hospital. In addition to the risk of inpatient morbidity and mortality, older patients are more likely to require post-acute care services, to face nutritional deficits, and to experience complications of chemoradiation...
February 2019: Current Colorectal Cancer Reports
https://read.qxmd.com/read/33456404/microbiome-and-colorectal-cancer
#10
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Ishfaq Ahmed, Shahid Umar
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The trillions of microbes collectively referred to as the human microbiota, inhabit the human body and establish a beneficial relationship with the host. It is clear however that dysbiosis impacting microbial diversity in the gut, may lead to development of inflammatory and malignant gastrointestinal diseases including colorectal cancer (CRC). We provide a literature review of the recent influx of information related to the alterations in gut microbiota composition that influences CRC incidence and progression...
December 2018: Current Colorectal Cancer Reports
https://read.qxmd.com/read/31406492/colorectal-cancer-and-metabolism
#11
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Rachel E Brown, Sarah P Short, Christopher S Williams
Purpose of Review: Metabolic reprogramming is essential for the rapid proliferation of cancer cells and is thus recognized as a hallmark of cancer. In this review, we will discuss the etiologies and effects of metabolic reprogramming in colorectal cancer. Recent Findings: Changes in cellular metabolism may precede the acquisition of driver mutations ultimately leading to colonocyte transformation. Oncogenic mutations and loss of tumor suppressor genes further reprogram CRC cells to upregulate glycolysis, glutaminolysis, one-carbon metabolism, and fatty acid synthesis...
December 2018: Current Colorectal Cancer Reports
https://read.qxmd.com/read/30237756/the-molecular-basis-of-metastatic-colorectal-cancer
#12
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Sarah F Andres, Kathy N Williams, Anil K Rustgi
Purpose of review: Metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC) is a vexing clinical problem. In contrast to early stage disease, once CRC metastasizes to other organs, long-term survival is compromised. We seek to review the molecular pathogenesis, animal models, and functional genomics for an enhanced understanding of how CRC metastasizes and how this can be exploited therapeutically. Recent findings: Mouse models may recapitulate certain aspects of metastatic human CRC and allow for studies to identify regulators of metastasis...
April 2018: Current Colorectal Cancer Reports
https://read.qxmd.com/read/30140177/is-timing-important-the-role-of-diet-and-lifestyle-during-early-life-on-colorectal-neoplasia
#13
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Katharina Nimptsch, Kana Wu
Purpose of the review: To summarize the current evidence on the most important dietary and lifestyle factors in colorectal carcinogenesis during different stages of a lifetime with special emphasis on studies investigating exposure during childhood, adolescence and young adulthood. Recent findings: A number of studies showed that independent of adult obesity, higher body fatness during childhood, adolescence and young adulthood is associated with risk of colorectal cancer later in life...
February 2018: Current Colorectal Cancer Reports
https://read.qxmd.com/read/30294248/the-role-of-liver-directed-therapy-in-metastatic-colorectal-cancer
#14
REVIEW
Hon Lyn Tan, Matilda Lee, Balamurugan A Vellayappan, Wee Thong Neo, Wei Peng Yong
Purpose of Review: Colorectal cancer liver metastasis is a major clinical problem, and surgical resection is the only potentially curative treatment. We seek to discuss various liver-directed therapy modalities and explore their roles in the evolving realm of treatment strategies for metastatic colorectal cancer. Recent Findings: Clinical outcomes for patients with colorectal cancer liver metastases have improved as more patients undergo potentially curative resection and as the armamentarium of systemic treatment and liver-directed therapies continues to expand...
2018: Current Colorectal Cancer Reports
https://read.qxmd.com/read/29576755/watch-and-wait-as-a-therapeutic-strategy-in-rectal-cancer
#15
REVIEW
Laurence Bernier, Svetlana Balyasnikova, Diana Tait, Gina Brown
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Pathological complete response is seen in approximately one fifth of rectal cancer patients following neoadjuvant chemoradiation. Since these patients have excellent oncological outcomes, there has been a rapidly growing interest in organ preservation for those who develop a clinical complete response. We review the watch-and-wait strategy and focus on all aspects of this hot topic, including who should be considered for this approach, how should we identify treatment response and what are the expected outcomes...
2018: Current Colorectal Cancer Reports
https://read.qxmd.com/read/29399003/dietary-patterns-and-colorectal-cancer-risk-a-review-of-17-years-of-evidence-2000-2016
#16
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Fred K Tabung, Lisa S Brown, Teresa T Fung
Purpose of review: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a global public health problem, with an estimated 1.4 million cases diagnosed worldwide in 2012. Evidence suggests that diet may be important for primary prevention. Recent findings: The 2017 WCRF/AICR Continuous Update Project on colorectal cancer concluded that there is convincing evidence linking several individual dietary factors with CRC risk but the evidence for dietary patterns was limited and inconclusive. Also, previous reviews and meta-analyses have not critically synthesized various dietary patterns...
December 2017: Current Colorectal Cancer Reports
https://read.qxmd.com/read/29333111/diet-gut-microbiota-and-colorectal-cancer-prevention-a-review-of-potential-mechanisms-and-promising-targets-for-future-research
#17
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Mingyang Song, Andrew T Chan
Diet plays an important role in the development of colorectal cancer. Emerging data have implicated the gut microbiota in colorectal cancer. Diet is a major determinant for the gut microbial structure and function. Therefore, it has been hypothesized that alterations in gut microbes and their metabolites may contribute to the influence of diet on the development of colorectal cancer. We review several major dietary factors that have been linked to gut microbiota and colorectal cancer, including major dietary patterns, fiber, red meat and sulfur, and obesity...
December 2017: Current Colorectal Cancer Reports
https://read.qxmd.com/read/29129972/inflammation-and-colorectal-cancer
#18
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Apple G Long, Emma T Lundsmith, Kathryn E Hamilton
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the fourth most common cancer in both men and women in the United States, resulting in over 55,000 deaths annually. Environmental and genetic factors influence the development of CRC, and inflammation is a critical hallmark of cancer that may arise from a variety of factors. Purpose of review: While patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) have a higher risk of developing CRC, sporadic CRCs may engender or be potentiated by inflammation as well. In this review, we focus on recent advances in basic and translational research utilizing murine models to understand the contribution of inflammatory signaling pathways to CRC...
August 2017: Current Colorectal Cancer Reports
https://read.qxmd.com/read/29276469/using-3d-organoid-cultures-to-model-intestinal-physiology-and-colorectal-cancer
#19
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Sarah P Short, Patricia W Costacurta, Christopher S Williams
The three-dimensional (3D) structure of the intestine is a key determinant of differentiation and function; thus, preserving this architecture is an important consideration for studies of intestinal homeostasis and disease. Over the past decade, a number of systems for 3D intestinal organoid cultures have been developed and adapted to model a wide variety of biological phenomenon. Purpose of this review: We discuss the current state of intestinal and colorectal cancer (CRC) 3D modeling, the most common methods for generating organoid cultures, and how these have yielded insights into intestinal physiology and tumor biology...
June 2017: Current Colorectal Cancer Reports
https://read.qxmd.com/read/30337849/gut-microbiome-and-colon-cancer-role-of-bacterial-metabolites-and-their-molecular-targets-in-the-host
#20
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Yangzom D Bhutia, Jiro Ogura, Sathish Sivaprakasam, Vadivel Ganapathy
Purpose of review: The relationship between colonic bacteria and the host is symbiotic, but how communication between the two partners occurs is just beginning to be understood at the molecular level. Here, we highlight specific products of bacterial metabolism that are present in the colonic lumen and their molecular targets in the host that facilitate this communication. Recent findings: Colonic epithelial cells and mucosal immune cells express several cell-surface receptors and nuclear receptors that are activated by specific bacterial metabolites, which impact multiple signaling pathways and expression of many genes...
April 2017: Current Colorectal Cancer Reports
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