Qiuxia Fu, Yangjie Liu, Cao Peng, Tobias Achu Muluh, Umer Anayyat, Liu Liang
Pulmonary, nasal, and nose-to-brain diseases involve clinical approaches, such as bronchodilators, inhaled steroids, oxygen therapy, antibiotics, antihistamines, nasal steroids, decongestants, intranasal drug delivery, neurostimulation, and surgery to treat patients. However, systemic medicines have serious adverse effects, necessitating the development of inhaled formulations that allow precise drug delivery to the airways with minimum systemic drug exposure. Particle size, surface charge, biocompatibility, drug capacity, and mucoadhesive are unique chemical and physical features that must be considered for pulmonary and nasal delivery routes due to anatomical and permeability considerations...
January 24, 2024: Current Drug Delivery