Current Alzheimer Research

INTRODUCTION: Suicide has been described in patients with Alzheimer's disease. Some promising medications for treating Alzheimer's disease have had their studies suspended because they increase the risk of suicide. Understanding the correlations between suicide and Alzheimer's disease is essential in an aging world. METHOD: A search was carried out on electronic websites (PubMed and Scielo) using the MeSH Terms "suicide" and "Alzheimer" (1986-2023). Of a total of 115 articles, 26 were included in this review...

BACKGROUND: Evidence on the association of Olfactory Impairment (OI) with age-related cognitive decline is inconclusive, and the potential influence of allergy remains unclear. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to evaluate the cross-sectional associations of allergy-related and non-allergy- related OI to cognitive function. METHODS: We included 2,499 participants from the Health and Retirement Study (HRS)-Harmonized Cognitive Assessment Protocol (HCAP) sub-study and 1,086 participants from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA)-HCAP...

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a risk factor for Alzheimer's Disease (AD). However, the detailed mechanism underlying T2DM-related AD remains unknown. In DM, many types of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are formed and accumulated. In our previous study, we demonstrated that Glyceraldehyde (GA)-derived toxic Advanced Glycation End products (toxic AGEs, TAGE) strongly showed cytotoxicity against neurons and induced similar alterations to those observed in AD. Further, GA induced dysfunctional neurite outgrowth via TAGE-β-tubulin aggregation, which resulted in the TAGE-dependent abnormal aggregation of β-tubulin and tau phosphorylation...

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a highly hereditary disease with complex genetic susceptibility factors. Extensive genome-wide association studies have established a distinct susceptibility link between the protein tyrosine kinase 2β (PTK2B) gene and late-onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD), but the specific pathogenic mechanisms remain incompletely understood. PTK2B is known to be expressed in neurons, and recent research has revealed its more important significance in microglia. Elucidating the role of PTK2B high expression in microglia in AD's progression is crucial for uncovering novel pathogenic mechanisms of the disease...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Recent evidence suggests that blood-based biomarkers might be useful for Alzheimer's disease (AD). Among them, we intend to investigate whether neurofilament light (NfL) and multimer detection system-oligomeric Aβ (MDS-OAβ) values can be useful in screening, predicting, and monitoring disease progression and how the relationship between NfL and MDS-OAβ values changes. METHODS: Eighty participants with probable AD dementia, 50 with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and 19 with subjective cognitive decline (SCD) underwent baseline and follow-up evaluations of the Mini-Mental Status Examination (MMSE) and both plasma biomarkers...

BACKGROUND: Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO1) inhibition is a promising target as an Alzheimer's disease (AD) Disease-modifying therapy capable of downregulating immunopathic neuroinflammatory processes. METHODS: To aid in the development of IDO inhibitors as potential AD therapeutics, we optimized a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) based mouse model of brain IDO1 inhibition by examining the dosedependent and time-course of the brain kynurenine:tryptophan (K:T) ratio to LPS via intraperitoneal dosing...

OBJECTIVES: Alzheimer's disease (AD) and/or dementia is a prevalent neurocognitive disorder primarily affecting individuals over the age of 65. Identifying specific causes of AD and/or dementia can be challenging, with emerging evidence suggesting a potential association with autoimmune inflammatory conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA). This study aimed to assess the prevalence rate of AD and/or dementia among Medicare beneficiaries reporting an autoimmune disorder. Additionally, this study sought to identify the comparative prevalence of AD and/or dementia in patients with an autoimmune disorder who were using disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) compared to those not using DMARDs...

BACKGROUND: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a persistent neuropathological injury that manifests via neuronal/synaptic death, age spot development, tau hyperphosphorylation, neuroinflammation, and apoptosis. Synapsin 1 (SYN1), a neuronal phosphoprotein, is believed to be responsible for the pathology of AD. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to elucidate the exact role of SYN1 in ameliorating AD and its potential regulatory mechanisms. METHODS: The AD dataset GSE48350 was downloaded from the GEO database, and SYN1 was focused on differential expression analysis and Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses...

AIM: To evaluate the potential beneficial role of Capsaicin in cognitive dysfunction, mitochondrial impairment, and oxidative damage induced by scopolamine in mice. BACKGROUND: Capsaicin is the chief phenolic component present in red chili and is responsible for its pungent and spicy flavor. It affects TRPV1 channels in nociceptive sensory neurons and is present in the hippocampus, and hypothalamus of the brains of rodents and humans. OBJECTIVE: The main objective is to investigate the effective role of capsaicin in attenuating cognitive dysfunction, mitochondrial impairment, and oxidative damage induced by scopolamine in mice induced by scopolamine in mice and examine the feasible mechanisms...

BACKGROUND: Previous studies have linked childhood adversities to dementia risk, yet most studies are cross-sectional in design and utilize retrospective self-reports to assess childhood experiences. These design characteristics make it difficult to establish temporal order and draw firm conclusions. OBJECTIVE: Using a longitudinal design, we sought to determine whether childhood maltreatment predicts dementia risk factors in middle adulthood. METHODS: Data have been obtained from a prospective cohort design study of children with documented cases of childhood maltreatment (ages 0-11 years at case identification) and demographically matched controls who were followed up and interviewed in middle adulthood...

BACKGROUND: Alzheimer's disease (AD) stands as a widespread neurodegenerative disorder marked by the gradual onset of memory impairment, predominantly impacting the elderly. With projections indicating a substantial surge in AD diagnoses, exceeding 13.8 million individuals by 2050, there arises an urgent imperative to discern novel biomarkers for AD. METHODS: To accomplish these objectives, we explored immune cell infiltration and the expression patterns of immune cells and immune function-related genes of AD patients...

BACKGROUND: The development of biomarkers that are easy to collect, process, and store is a major goal of research on current Alzheimer's Disease (AD) and underlies the growing interest in plasma biomarkers. Biomarkers with these qualities will improve diagnosis and allow for better monitoring of therapeutic interventions. However, blood collection strategies have historically differed between studies. We examined the ability of various ultrasensitive plasma biomarkers to predict cerebral amyloid status in cognitively unimpaired individuals when collected using acid citrate dextrose (ACD)...

OBJECTIVES: Evaluate the acceptability and efficacy of an online dementia prevention intervention based on a cognitive behavioral shared decision-making model. MATERIALS AND METHOD: This was an unblinded pilot study in which participants were randomly assigned to one of two treatment groups. SETTING: This study was carried out remotely via telephone, video conferencing, and online data collection. PARTICIPANTS: Eighteen English-speaking persons 40 years of age and older interested in developing more brain-healthy lifestyles...

The issue of the genetics in brain imaging phenotypes serves as a crucial link between two distinct scientific fields: neuroimaging genetics (NG). The articles included here provide solid proof that this NG link has considerable synergy. There is a suitable collection of articles that offer a wide range of viewpoints on how genetic variations affect brain structure and function. They serve as illustrations of several study approaches used in contemporary genetics and neuroscience. Genome-wide association studies and candidate-gene association are two examples of genetic techniques...

BACKGROUND: Along with the problem of population aging, the prevalence of dementia is gradually increasing. Associations between vitamin D deficiency (VDD) and cognitive functions remain unclear. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to determine the relationship between VDD and changes in cognitive performance in community-dwelling older adults. METHODS: In this longitudinal cohort study, participants aged ≥65 years were enrolled in March, 2016. The serum level of 25-hydroxy-vitamin D was analyzed by liquid-chromatography-tandem-- mass-spectrometry at baseline...

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OBJECTIVES: Cerebral blood flow (CBF) is an important index for measuring brain function. Studies have shown that regional CBF changes inconsistently in mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Arterial spin labeling (ASL) is widely used in the study of CBF in patients with MCI. However, alterations in CBF connectivity in these patients remain poorly understood. METHODS: In this study, 3D pseudo-continuous arterial spin labeling (3D-pCASL) technology was used to investigate the changes in regional CBF and CBF connectivity between 32 MCI patients and 32 healthy controls...

The Alzheimer's disease (AD) continuum is a unique spectrum of cognitive impairment that typically involves the stages of subjective memory complaints (SMC), mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and AD dementia. Neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS), such as apathy, anxiety, stress, and depression, are highly common throughout the AD continuum. However, there is a dearth of research on how these NPS vary across the AD continuum, especially SMC. There is also disagreement on the effects of specific NPS on each stage of the AD continuum due to their collinearity with other NPS, cognitive decline, and environmental factors (e...

BACKGROUND: Alzheimer's disease is the most common neurodegenerative disorder. Recent development in sciences has also identified the pivotal role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in AD pathogenesis. OBJECTIVES: We proposed a novel method to identify AD pathway-specific statistically significant miRNAs from the targets of known AD drugs. Moreover, microRNA scaffolds and corresponding drug scaffolds of different pathways were also discovered. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A Wilcoxon signed-rank test was performed to identify pathway-specific significant miRNAs...

INTRODUCTION: The purpose of this study is to identify the risk factors and risk classification associated with the conversion from mild cognitive impairment (MCI) to Alzheimer's disease (AD) dementia to facilitate early intervention and the design of clinical trials for AD. METHODS: The study comprised a prospective cohort study of 400 subjects with MCI who had annual follow-ups for 3 years. RESULTS: During an average follow-up period of 3...