journal
https://read.qxmd.com/read/18184493/the-economic-benefits-of-child-safety-seat-misuse-reduction-programs-and-design-improvements-for-children-in-rear-seats
#21
JOURNAL ARTICLE
E Zaloshnja, T R Miller
This study finds that the break-even point for child safety seat misuse reduction programs and vehicle and seat design improvements is dollars 121 a year per child seat in use, annual misuse reduction program cost is dollars 6, and Lower Anchors and Tethers for Children (LATCH) cost dollars 13 annually per seat in use (in 2004 dollars). To estimate societal injury cost savings we compared tow-away crash outcomes for children ages 0-4, traveling in child seats in the back of passenger vehicles in 1984-1986 vs...
2007: Annual Proceedings
https://read.qxmd.com/read/18184492/using-child-age-or-weight-in-selecting-type-of-in-vehicle-restraint-implications-for-promotion-and-design
#22
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Robert W G Anderson, T Paul Hutchinson, Sally A Edwards
A survey of motor vehicle child restraint use found around 28% of children under the age of six using weight-inappropriate restraints. Many parents did not know when a child was likely to outgrow a booster seat nor the weight of their child, but they did know the child's age. Anthropometric data show that, if advice on restraint transition, given solely in terms of age (6 months, 4 years, 8 years) were followed in Australia, incorrect restraint selection would occur in 5% of children under the age of six. Further analysis suggests how rewriting the Standard could reduce this number...
2007: Annual Proceedings
https://read.qxmd.com/read/18184491/frontal-sled-tests-comparing-rear-and-forward-facing-child-restraints-with-1-3-year-old-dummies
#23
COMPARATIVE STUDY
C P Sherwood, J R Crandall
Although most countries recommend transitioning children from rear facing (RF) to forward facing (FF) child restraints at one year of age, Swedish data suggests that RF restraints are more effective. The objective of this study was to compare RF and FF orientations in frontal sled tests. Four dummies (CRABI 12 mo, Q1.5, Hybrid III 3 yr, and Q3) were used to represent children from 1 to 3 years of age. Restraint systems tested included both 1) LATCH and 2) rigid ISOFIX with support leg designs. Rear facing restraints with support legs provided the best results for all injury measures, while RF restraints in general provided the lowest chest displacements and neck loads...
2007: Annual Proceedings
https://read.qxmd.com/read/18184490/performance-of-booster-seats-in-side-impacts-effect-of-adjacent-passengers-and-isofix-attachment
#24
COMPARATIVE STUDY
Judith L Charlton, Brian Fildes, David Taranto, Ronald Laemmle, Stuart Smith, Anthony Clark
This study examined the performance of a booster seat in different seating configurations in side-impact hyGe sled tests (crash severity 30 km/h) with two attachment systems: a standard seatbelt and ISOfix (rigid). The objectives of the study were twofold: (i) to identify the relative benefits of ISOfix attachment compared with seatbelt attachment of a near-side booster seat in a 3-abreast seating configuration with adjacent occupants in child restraints (CRS); and (ii) to examine the effects of 3-abreast seating configurations compared with no adjacent passengers on booster seat crash protection characteristics...
2007: Annual Proceedings
https://read.qxmd.com/read/18184489/misuse-study-of-latch-attachment-a-series-of-frontal-sled-tests
#25
COMPARATIVE STUDY
Rajiv Menon, Yoganand Ghati
This study was initiated to quantify the effects of the misuse in LATCH lower webbing. In the short period since the implementation of the LATCH system several cases of potential misuses have been reported. A series of sled tests in frontal impact mode were conducted with various misuse conditions (loose attachment of LATCH lower webbing, misrouting of LATCH lower webbing and child seat back inclination) for both forward and rearward facing child safety seats (FFCSS and RFCSS). Results from these tests are compared and discussed with that of the standard test with no misuse and showed that as the slack in the lower LATCH webbing increased, ATD injury measures exceeded the limits...
2007: Annual Proceedings
https://read.qxmd.com/read/18184488/are-child-passengers-bringing-up-the-rear-evidence-for-differential-improvements-in-injury-risk-between-drivers-and-their-child-passengers
#26
COMPARATIVE STUDY
Flaura K Winston, Dawei Xie, Dennis R Durbin, Michael R Elliott
Since nearly half of children fatally injured in automobile crashes were restrained, optimizing occupant protection systems for children is essential to reducing morbidity and mortality. Data from the Partners for Child Passenger Safety study were used to compare the differential injury risk between drivers and their child passengers in the same crash, with a focus on vehicle model year. A matched cohort design and conditional logistic regression model were used in the analyses. Overall, injury risk for drivers was higher than for children, but the risk difference was largest for the oldest model year vehicles, particularly for children aged 4-8 in seat belts...
2007: Annual Proceedings
https://read.qxmd.com/read/18184487/the-association-between-age-injury-and-survival-to-hospital-among-a-cohort-of-injured-motorcyclists
#27
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Patricia C Dischinger, Gabriel E Ryb, Shiu M Ho, Cynthia A Burch
Despite the significant increase in mortality among older motorcyclists during the past decade, few studies have addressed specific injuries or mortality rates among all those injured. The purpose of this study is to describe the crash and injury characteristics among a cohort of motorcyclists injured in Maryland, and to determine the influence of age and crash type on mortality, injury patterns, and place of death (scene vs. hospital). Possible biases introduced by studying only those hospitalized are described...
2007: Annual Proceedings
https://read.qxmd.com/read/18184486/the-impacts-of-functional-performance-behaviour-and-traffic-exposure-on-road-crossing-judgements-of-young-children
#28
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Jennifer A Oxley, Melinda Congiu, Michelle Whelan, Angelo D'Elia, Judith Charlton
Using data from i) a simulated road-crossing task, ii) a battery of functional performance assessments, and iii) a survey of parents, some factors that may predict poor road-crossing skill were identified. Children aged between 6 and 10 years made road-crossing decisions in a simulated road environment in which time gap and speed of approaching vehicles were manipulated. Functional performance was examined using a range of tools designed to assess cognitive, perceptual, attentional and executive functioning...
2007: Annual Proceedings
https://read.qxmd.com/read/18184485/characteristics-on-fractures-of-tibia-and-fibula-in-car-impacts-to-pedestrians-and-bicyclists-influences-of-car-bumper-height-and-shape
#29
JOURNAL ARTICLE
D Otte, C Haasper
This study deals with the analysis of lower leg fractures in pedestrians and bicyclists after collisions with passenger cars and examines to what extent the shape and location of the fractures in the lower leg changed, following alterations in the shape of bumpers. It can be assumed that that the bumpers changed in shape and effective impact height, not least due to the realization of the developments of vehicle safety tests as in the context of the European Union Directive 2003/102/EC on pedestrian protection...
2007: Annual Proceedings
https://read.qxmd.com/read/18184484/the-scenescore-for-improved-pre-hospital-triage-of-motor-vehicle-crash-victims
#30
JOURNAL ARTICLE
C I Schulman, V Wilbur, B Leibowitz, L Labiste, E Perdeck, G Bahouth, K Digges, J S Augenstein
The SceneScore is a simple mechanism of injury scoring system designed to facilitate the appropriate triage of crash victims. It comprises 7 variables including age, collision type, impact location, airbag deployment, steering wheel deformity, intrusion, and restraint use. A cutoff value of 7 or 8 provides the maximum balance between sensitivity and specificity, with sensitivities of 75% to 83% and specificities of 29% to 46%. For cases triaged to the trauma center based only on high suspicion of injury, the SceneScore reduces the overtriage rate by almost half...
2007: Annual Proceedings
https://read.qxmd.com/read/18184483/opportunities-for-reduction-of-fatalities-in-vehicle-guardrail-collisions
#31
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Hampton C Gabler, Douglas J Gabauer
In the United States in 2005, there were 1,189 fatal crashes and 35,000 injurious crashes into guardrails. Current efforts to reduce fatalities occurring in guardrail collisions have focused on frontal oblique collisions of cars and light trucks into guardrail. These crashes however represent a diminishing target population for fatality reduction. This paper examines the current opportunities for reducing fatalities in guardrail collisions in the United States. The analysis was based upon crash data from the Fatality Analysis Reporting System (FARS) and the National Automotive Sampling System General Estimates System (GES) for the years 2000-2005...
2007: Annual Proceedings
https://read.qxmd.com/read/18184482/major-trauma-and-the-injury-severity-score-where-should-we-set-the-bar
#32
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Cameron Palmer
Major trauma is commonly defined using an Injury Severity Score (ISS) threshold of 15. Since this threshold was formulated, there have been significant developments in both the Abbreviated Injury Scale underlying the ISS, and trauma management techniques, both in the preventive and acute-care phases of trauma management. This study assesses whether this ISS threshold is appropriate when evaluating both mortality, and hospital-based indicators of morbidity, in a paediatric population using a large hospital trauma registry...
2007: Annual Proceedings
https://read.qxmd.com/read/18184481/statewide-annual-hospital-charges-for-acute-care-of-traffic-injuries-nebraska-2004
#33
COMPARATIVE STUDY
Mary Pat McKay
Case-based hospital billing data from the Health Care Utilization Partnership was used to calculate annual statewide hospital charges for the acute care of traffic injuries in Nebraska. E-codes 810.0 through 819.9 identified traffic injury cases. Admissions and emergency department (ED)-only visits for traffic injuries accrued significantly higher charges than other types of care. Statewide, hospital charges for the acute care of traffic injury totaled more than U.S.dollars 63.8 million in 2004. Of this, 23...
2007: Annual Proceedings
https://read.qxmd.com/read/18672476/50th-annual-proceedings-of-the-association-for-the-advancement-of-automotive-medicine-october-16-18-2006-chicago-illinois-usa
#34
(no author information available yet)
No abstract text is available yet for this article.
2006: Annual Proceedings
https://read.qxmd.com/read/16968650/the-effects-of-tethering-rear-facing-child-restraint-systems-on-atd-responses
#35
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Miriam A Manary, Matthew P Reed, Kathleen D Klinich, Nichole L Ritchie, Lawrence W Schneider
A series of sled tests was performed to analyze the responses of an anthropomorphic test device (ATD), particularly neck forces, when rear-facing child restraint systems (CRS) are tethered. Nominally identical rear-facing CRS were tested in four tether conditions: untethered, tethered down to the floor, tethered down to the bottom of the vehicle seat, and tethered rearward to a point above the back of the vehicle seat. The CRABI 12MO ATD with head, upper neck, and chest instrumentation was used in all tests...
2006: Annual Proceedings
https://read.qxmd.com/read/16968649/quantifying-the-relationship-between-vehicle-interior-geometry-and-child-restraint-systems
#36
JOURNAL ARTICLE
C P Sherwood, Y Abdelilah, J R Crandall
The prevention of interactions of children or child restraints with other vehicle structures is critical to child passenger safety. Fifteen current vehicles and seven rear and forward facing child restraint systems were measured in an attempt to quantify the available distance between child restraints and these vehicle structures. Rear facing child restraints exhibited such small amounts of clearance that contact would be expected in the majority of frontal crashes. Upper tethers are critical in the prevention of head contact, while head contact is likely when the upper tether is not used...
2006: Annual Proceedings
https://read.qxmd.com/read/16968648/high-back-booster-seats-in-the-field-and-in-the-laboratory
#37
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Julie Brown, Lynne Bilston
High back booster (HBB) seat use was studied in the field and in the laboratory. This paper presents details of a case series of 19 children using HBBs in real world crashes. More than half were using HBBs when a forward facing restraint would have been more suitable (i.e. inappropriately), and incorrect use was identified in 3 cases. All serious injury occurred in children inappropriately or incorrectly using HBBs. Laboratory simulations modelled on real world cases demonstrate a greater injury potential in misused HBBs than in correctly used HBBs due to excessive upper body excursion...
2006: Annual Proceedings
https://read.qxmd.com/read/16968647/residual-injuries-after-recent-safety-improvements
#38
JOURNAL ARTICLE
J Augenstein, E Perdeck, K Digges, G Bahouth
This study examines the residual injuries reported in NASS/CDS 1997-2004 by crash mode, crash severity, body region and occupant age. It examines how serious injuries are distributed in present day crashes and identifies opportunities for further injury reduction. In planar crashes, approximately 66% of the MAIS 3+ injuries occur in crashes less severe than 25 mph delta-V. Chest injuries predominate in these crashes, particularly among elderly occupants. A reduction in chest injuries to belted elderly occupants during low severity frontal crashes offers a prime opportunity for further improvement of safety systems...
2006: Annual Proceedings
https://read.qxmd.com/read/16968646/high-risk-characteristics-for-motor-vehicle-crashes-in-persons-with-diabetes-by-age
#39
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Thomas J Songer, Rashida R Dorsey
Studies highlight a higher involvement of drivers with diabetes in motor vehicle accidents. Extensive debate, though, exists over the most appropriate approach to license these drivers. Risk factors for crashes in persons with diabetes are not well defined. In this report, motor vehicle crash involvement was identified in two cohorts of persons with type 1 diabetes to identify if crash patterns and characteristics differ by age. Overall, reported crashes decline with age in persons with and without diabetes, but the crash risk remained higher for persons with diabetes throughout the age span...
2006: Annual Proceedings
https://read.qxmd.com/read/16968645/deriving-and-validating-a-road-safety-performance-indicator-for-vehicle-fleet-passive-safety
#40
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Marianne Page, Lucy Rackliff
Road safety performance indicators (RSPI) are policy tools which describe the extent of insecure operational safety conditions within traffic systems. This study describes the production of an RSPI which represents the presence within a country's vehicle fleet, of vehicles that may not effectively protect an occupant in a collision. This work is highly original, as it uses the entire vehicle database of European Union Member States in order to estimate the average level of passive safety offered by the entire fleet in each country...
2006: Annual Proceedings
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