Transfusion and Apheresis Science

Kratom is an herbal supplement which is used for its stimulating properties and pain reduction due to interaction with opioid receptors. Kratom overdose may cause fatality. A 56-year-old man was admitted to the emergency department with severe jaundice and liver failure. His total bilirubin reached at 70.6 mg/dL, but extensive workup did not show any liver mass. Family informed that the patient was taking Kratom. Plasma exchange was suggested as an unconventional therapy and consent from the patient was obtained because this procedure has never been performed to treat Kratom toxicity before...

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INTRODUCTION: Anemia occurs before and after kidney transplantation. Determining the impact of perioperative transfusion on post-transplant outcomes can help determine best management of anemia. PROJECT AIM: The current study aims to describe clinical outcomes associated with packed red blood cell transfusions in the peri-operative management of anemia after transplantation. DESIGN: This was a single-center, retrospective study of adult kidney recipients with anemia at the time of transplantation...

OBJECTIVE: The study aimed to determine nurses' self-efficacy levels for safe transfusion of blood and blood components. METHOD: The design of this study is descriptive and cross-sectional. Before starting the study, ethics committee approval and institution approval was obtained. The participants were informed about the purpose of the study, and their written consent was obtained. The research was conducted between the dates 01 March 2022 and 01 May 2022, a private hospital in Turkey...

The history of blood transfusion has been dominated by the search for compatibility for species specificity, the search for how to transfer blood from one individual into another or infuse. Safety has become a major issue since it became clear that blood was not only able to allow mystical miracles to take place but could transmit infectious diseases. The science behind these ideas reflects observation, a thinking and exchange of knowledge and skills, originally documented in reports or case studies of what has happened and was observed, and peer presented - knowledge economy...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

INTRODUCTION: The use of packed red blood cells (pRBCs) for resuscitation is limited by the red blood cell storage lesion, a series of biochemical and physiological changes that occur during the storage and aging of blood. Microvesicles (MVs) shed from pRBCs during this process are one component of the red blood cell storage lesion and lead to acute lung injury and pulmonary vascular microthrombi. We hypothesized that MVs from stored pRBCs lead to the release of P-selectin and von Willebrand factor (vWF) from endothelial cells and that this mechanism is mediated via activation of protein kinase C (PKC) or protein kinase A (PKA)...

The use of blood and blood products can be life-saving, but there are also certain risks associated with their administration and use. Packed red blood cells (pRBCs) and platelet concentrates are the most commonly used blood products in transfusion medicine to treat anemia or acute and chronic bleeding disorders, respectively. During the production and storage of blood products, red blood cells and platelets release extracellular vesicles (EVs) as a result of the storage lesion, which may affect product quality...

For reliable clinical decisions in transfusion medicine, assessing the performance of qualitative tests performed in medical laboratories is critical. When false results are reported, these can lead to an adverse reaction to blood components. Good performance assessment practices are essential for this kind of scenario, and they still remain as one of the many unmet high-priority challenges in this area. This paper aims to provide an overview of the current trends in this field. A review of the IFCC-IUPC. qualitative vocabulary was carried out, and a particular focus was given to the evaluation protocols CLSI EP12-A3 and Eurachem AQA, such as the European Union Regulation for class D in vitro diagnostic medical devices...

BACKGROUND: In Vietnam, a lack of evidence about the unexpected antibodies hinders the capabilities to prepare the necessary resources and personnel for treating patients with blood disorders. This study aimed to measure the rates of different unexpected antibodies in patients having blood orders in Vietnam. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted at the National Institute of Hematology - Blood Transfusion, Vietnam on 5608 patients with blood disorders...

Granulocyte transfusion (GT) may be used to treat and prevent infections in patients with severe neutropenia or nonfunctioning granulocytes. For pediatric patients, the volume of granulocyte unit transfused is a crucial consideration given smaller blood volume and increased risk of volume overload compared to adults. There is limited literature on the optimal dosing or the maximum amount of granulocytes that can be tolerated, especially in pediatric patients. Additionally, no consensus exists regarding granulocyte collection method, frequency, or timing of GT initiation...

The DEL phenotype represents an intriguing and challenging aspect of blood group serology. This condition is characterized by an extremely weak expression of the D antigen on red blood cells, to the extent that it often eludes detection through routine serological methods. Identifying the DEL phenotype necessitates more specialized techniques, such as adsorption and elution tests, to reveal the presence of the D antigen. This distinctive phenotype underscores the complexity and subtlety of blood group genetics and highlights the importance of using advanced methods to accurately classify individuals with this condition, as their ability to form anti-D antibodies can have clinical implications during transfusion and pregnancy scenarios...

Leprosy (i.e., Hansen's disease) is a chronic disease secondary to infection with either Mycobacterium leprae or M. lepromatosis. While the incidence of this disease is decreasing across the world, there is mounting evidence that it might be increasing, and becoming endemic, in the United States. Leprosy was once considered a potential threat to the blood supply, and while this threat has not borne out, it is worth revisiting the available data to assess whether it may pose a threat in the future. Herein, we discuss the evidence for and against the potential for transfusion-transmission of leprosy, and highlight future areas of research to further elucidate this possibility...

BACKGROUND: Blood is an essential part of human life and blood donation has become a necessity that every society must take into consideration. Health care professionals have a major responsibility in raising community awareness on blood donation. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to find out the knowledge and attitude of undergraduate medical students on blood donation and to determine the effectiveness of positive deviance (PD) approach. METHODOLOGY: This institutional based cross-sectional study was conducted as a part of World AIDS Days celebration by Red Ribbon club among 414 undergraduate students using convenient sampling technique...

Hepatitis A virus (HAV) is the most frequent cause of viral hepatitis worldwide and is transmitted through the fecal-oral route. However, HAV can also be transmitted by blood-derived products. This is due to the fact that viremia occurs during the asymptomatic phase of HAV infection, enabling infected blood or plasma donations to occur. Viral inactivation/removal steps are included during manufacturing of plasmaderived products. However, HAV is a small non-enveloped virus very difficult to remove with traditional viral inactivation procedures...

BACKGROUND: Daratumumab is a monoclonal antibody that targets CD38, a transmembrane protein expressed on many cells including RBCs and to a greater extent on myeloma cells. It has been used for treatment of multiple myeloma and autoimmune diseases. Transfusion management of patients on such therapy can be challenging as these drugs cross-react with RBC surface antigens and cause panreactivity. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A retrospective study of the 68 patients treated with anti-CD38 from 2018-2023 was carried out...

Promoting blood donation requires understanding and identifying the factors that motivate donations so that strategies for retaining and increasing loyalty can be developed. Transfusion literacy can be improved through school-based teaching and information about giving and solidarity to promote the development of future donors. For the purpose of aligning any strategies and motivational dynamics that promote adherence to informed donation and loyalty among students in the municipality of Coimbra. This study was undertaken to assess the perception of secondary school teachers regarding the students' knowledge of blood donation...

Establishing the virological cutoff point, during epidemics, such as the COVID-19 Pandemic, is crucially important as inadequate standardization and the false qualitative results, have enormous clinical and economic consequences when screening for SARS-CoV-2. Moreover, a cutoff point is a crucial step in ensuring a minimal risk of clinical misclassification. Therefore complying with such statutory requirements is an essential part of obligatory good laboratory and clinical practices. In this concise report, we propose a novel methodology for establishing cutoff points for all samples exhibiting detectable levels of the measured parameter, even those from the disease-free group...

In the field of blood and transfusion medicine, European Directorate for the Quality of Medicines & HealthCare recommends practices for metrological devices. Monitoring and measurement resources, as well as their permitted metrological limits, must be considered in this regard. We must understand variables such as metrological domains, the International System of Units, metrological traceability, and metrological requirements and controls in the field of transfusions in order to understand these metrological devices...

The histo-blood group antigens P, P1 and Pk are a closely related set of glycosphingolipid structures expressed by red blood cells and other tissues. None of these three characters is expressed on p cells, a null phenotype that arises in the context of homozygous mutation of the A4GALT gene. Subjects with p phenotype spontaneously develop a natural alloantibody named anti-PP1Pk, which is a mixture of IgG and IgM against P1, P and Pk. While anti-P1 is a weak cold antibody with poor clinical significance, anti-P and anti-Pk antibodies are potent haemolysins responsible for severe hemolytic transfusion reactions...