journal
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38520874/defensive-glands-in-stylotermitidae-blattodea-isoptera
#1
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Himanshu Thakur, Surbhi Agarwal, Aleš Buček, Jaromír Hradecký, Hana Sehadová, Vartika Mathur, Ulugbek Togaev, Thomas van de Kamp, Elias Hamann, Ren-Han Liu, Kuldeep S Verma, Hou-Feng Li, David Sillam-Dussès, Michael S Engel, Jan Šobotník
The large abundance of termites is partially achieved by their defensive abilities. Stylotermitidae represented by a single extant genus, Stylotermes, is a member of a termite group Neoisoptera that encompasses 83% of termite species and 94% of termite genera and is characterized by the presence of the frontal gland. Within Neoisoptera, Stylotermitidae represents a species-poor sister lineage of all other groups. We studied the structure of the frontal, labral and labial glands in soldiers and workers of Stylotermes faveolus, and the composition of the frontal gland secretion in S...
March 22, 2024: Arthropod Structure & Development
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38493543/sensory-pathway-in-aquatic-basal-polyneoptera-antennal-sensilla-and-brain-morphology-in-stoneflies
#2
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Silvana Piersanti, Manuela Rebora, Gianandrea Salerno, Simon Vitecek, Sylvia Anton
Aquatic insects represent a great portion of Arthropod diversity and the major fauna in inland waters. The sensory biology and neuroanatomy of these insects are, however, poorly investigated. This research aims to describe the antennal sensilla of nymphs of the stonefly Dinocras cephalotes using scanning electron microscopy and comparing them with the adult sensilla. Besides, central antennal pathways in nymphs and adults are investigated by neuron mass-tracing with tetramethylrhodamine, and their brain structures are visualized with an anti-synapsin antibody...
March 16, 2024: Arthropod Structure & Development
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38471388/small-wasps-big-muscles-fore-and-hind-leg-modifications-in-chalcidoid-wasps-hymenoptera-chalcidoidea
#3
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Carolin Gilgenbach, Juliane Vehof, Benjamin Wipfler, Ralph S Peters
A particularly conspicuous morphological feature in chalcidoid wasps are strikingly modified legs present in both males and females. It evolved convergently multiple times on either fore or hind legs implying strong evolutionary pressure and a prominent function in the wasps' life history. We investigate the external and internal morphology of the modified legs of five species of chalcidoid wasps representing four families (Ooderidae, Heydeniidae, Chalcididae, and Leucospidae), using light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and micro computed tomography...
March 11, 2024: Arthropod Structure & Development
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38412706/morphology-of-the-male-reproductive-system-and-spermatozoa-of-smicridea-rhyacophylax-iguazu-flint-1983-trichoptera-hydropsychidae
#4
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Dayvson Ayala Costa, Paulo Henrique Rezende, Frederico Falcão Salles, Gleison Robson Desidério, Glenda Dias, José Lino-Neto
The Trichoptera, holometabolous aquatic insects found worldwide except in Antarctica, exhibit a unique feature in their sperm, which are solely nucleated (eupyrene). Current knowledge on Trichoptera sperm is limited to Old World species. To enhance our understanding of their reproductive biology and contribute to systematic discussions, we describe the male reproductive system and spermatozoa of Smicridea (Rhyacophylax) iguazu Flint, 1983 (Hydropsychidae). This species lacks seminal vesicles, possesses piriform to oval-shaped testes with spermatozoa grouped in apical bundles and dense filamentous material filling other areas...
February 26, 2024: Arthropod Structure & Development
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38340521/a-tale-s-blade-understanding-evolutionary-features-of-oviposition-behavior-based-on-tettigoniidae-insecta-orthoptera-ensifera-ovipositor-morphology
#5
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Diego N Barbosa, Marcos Fianco
A remarkable characteristic of katydids (Orthoptera, Tettigoniidae) is the elongated ovipositor, which is associated with oviposition behavior. The high degree of complexity of both sclerites and muscles arrangement of the ovipositor, is only similar to the ovipositor of Hymenoptera. Here we describe the morphology of the ovipositor within Tettigoniidae, and add descriptions of known oviposition behavior. Fifteen skeletal structures can be recognized, of these, three pairs of muscles are new while nine pairs were already described in the literature...
February 9, 2024: Arthropod Structure & Development
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38340520/a-morphofunctional-study-of-the-jumping-apparatus-in-globular-springtails
#6
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Fábio G L Oliveira, Adrian A Smith
Springtails are notable for their jumping apparatus and latch-mediated spring mechanism. The challenge, in the light of the tiny size and rapid movement of these organisms, has been to understand the morphological intricacies of this spring system. This study takes an approach that integrates SEM, MicroCT, cLSM and high-speed video recordings to understand the composition and functionality of the jumping apparatus in Megalothorax minimus (Neelipleona), Dicyrtomina ornata and Dicyrtomina minuta (Symphypleona)...
February 9, 2024: Arthropod Structure & Development
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38266596/functional-morphology-and-ultrastructure-of-the-mouth-apparatus-in-the-freshwater-mite-larvae-limnochares-aquatica-l-1758-acariformes-limnocharidae
#7
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Andrey B Shatrov, Elena V Soldatenko, Anatoly A Petrov
The mouth apparatus in larvae of the freshwater mite Limnochares aquatica (L., 1758) (Acariformes, Limnocharidae), belonging to the lower Hydrachnidia, was studied with light microscopy, scanning (SEM) and transmission (TEM) electron microscopy, as well as with confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) to reveal its main morphological and functional characteristics. The gnathosoma, functioning as a mouth organ takes a prognathous position, and inclines to the body axial line at the angle of around 30°...
January 22, 2024: Arthropod Structure & Development
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38215540/the-sperm-structure-of-clinidium-canaliculatum-costa-a-contribution-to-the-systematic-position-of-rhysodidae-coleoptera-carabidae
#8
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Anita Giglio, David Mercati, Pietro Lupetti, Pietro Brandmayr, Romano Dallai
The systematic position and the phylogenetic relationship of Rhysodidae members is still debated, with some authors considering the group as a separate family of Adephaga, while for others they could be a subfamily of Carabidae. The group have morphological traits quite different from Carabidae and an aberrant behaviour compared to ground beetles being not predaceous. The sperm ultrastructure of C. canaliculatum was studied comparatively with other species of beetles, Carabidae in particular. The results indicate that the sperm structure of this species is similar to that of the Carabinae species...
January 11, 2024: Arthropod Structure & Development
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38176179/morphological-characterization-of-the-antenna-of-torymus-sinensis-hymenoptera-torymidae-and-a-comparison-within-the-superfamily-chalcidoidea
#9
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Marco Pezzi, Cristina Munari, Michele Mistri, Chiara Scapoli, Milvia Chicca, Marilena Leis, Carmen Scieuzo, Antonio Franco, Rosanna Salvia, Chiara Ferracini, Alberto Alma, Patrizia Falabella, Davide Curci, Teresa Bonacci
The parasitoid Torymus sinensis (Hymenoptera: Torymidae) has been successfully used in Italy since 2005 for biological control of the invasive cynipid Dryocosmus kuriphilus (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae), highly destructive for the economically relevant Castanea sativa (Fagales: Fagaceae). In order to investigate the morphological aspects related to sensorial behavior, a fine morphology study of the antennae and their sensilla was conducted by scanning electron microscopy on both sexes of T. sinensis. The antennae, composed of a scape, a pedicel and a flagellum with ten flagellomeres, had chaetic sensilla of six subtypes, placoid sensilla of three subtypes, trichoid sensilla, sensilla with a roundish grooved tip, and coeloconic sensilla...
January 3, 2024: Arthropod Structure & Development
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38176178/antennal-excision-reveals-disparate-olfactory-expression-patterns-within-castes-in-reticulitermes-aculabialis-isoptera-rhinotermitidae
#10
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Wenxu Yang, Yan Lu, Xiaohui He, Lu Wang, Jinjuan Nie, Noor Us Saba, Xiaohong Su, Lianxi Xing, Chenxu Ye
In lower termites, which exhibit a high degree of compound eye degradation or absence, antennae play a pivotal role in information acquisition. This comprehensive study investigates the olfactory system of Reticulitermes aculabialis, spanning five developmental stages and three castes. Initially, we characterize the structures and distribution of antennal sensilla across different developmental stages. Results demonstrate variations in sensilla types and distributions among stages, aligning with caste-specific division of labor and suggesting their involvement in environmental sensitivity detection, signal differentiation, and nestmate recognition...
January 3, 2024: Arthropod Structure & Development
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38171085/brain-size-scaling-through-development-in-the-whitelined-sphinx-moth-hyles-lineata-shows-mass-and-cell-number-comparable-to-flies-bees-and-wasps
#11
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Isabel C Aksamit, Felipe Dorigão-Guimarães, Wulfila Gronenberg, R Keating Godfrey
Factors regulating larval growth and determinants of adult body size are described for several holometabolous insects, but less is known about brain size scaling through development. Here we use the isotropic fractionation ("brain soup") method to estimate the number of brain cells and cell density for the whitelined sphinx moth (Lepidoptera: Hyles lineata) from the first instar through the adult stage. We measure mass and brain cell number and find that, during the larval stages, body mass shows an exponential relationship with head width, while the total number of brain cells increases asymptotically...
January 2, 2024: Arthropod Structure & Development
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38168656/the-first-record-larvae-of-the-genus-peltogaster-rhizocephala-peltogastridae-with-eyes-and-unilobed-male-aesthetasc
#12
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Darya D Golubinskaya, Olga M Korn
The complete larval development of Peltogaster lineata Shiino, 1943 (Rhizocephala: Peltogastridae), including five nauplii and one cypris stage, is described and illustrated using SEM. The development took 3.5-4 days at a water temperature of 22-23 °C. Peltogaster lineata has the peltogastrid type of development. Nauplii possess a large and clearly reticulated flotation collar, six pairs of dorsal shield setae with the U-shaped second pair, long segmented frontolateral horns each with two subterminal setae, and a long seta at the antennal basis...
January 1, 2024: Arthropod Structure & Development
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38160506/on-the-immature-stages-of-some-merodontini-hoverflies-diptera-syrphidae-from-europe-and-africa
#13
JOURNAL ARTICLE
José J Orengo-Green, Antonio Ricarte, Martin Hauser, Dominique Langlois, Mª Á Marcos-García
The genera Eumerus and Merodon (Syrphidae: Merodontini) form together the most speciose grouping of hoverflies in the Palaearctic Region. However, little is known about the morphology and biology of their larvae. The few larvae of Eumerus and Merodon that have been uncovered are phytophagous in underground organs of plants (some Eumerus and all Merodon) or saprophagous in a variety of plants' parts (the reminder of Eumerus). In this study, the second larval stage (L2) of Eumerus lyneborgi Ricarte & Hauser, 2020 and both the larva (L2) and puparium of Merodon constans (Rossi, 1794) are described for the first time...
December 30, 2023: Arthropod Structure & Development
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38113686/differences-in-three-instars-of-four-carrion-nitidulids-coleoptera-nitidulidae-nitidula-and-omosita-revealed-using-sem
#14
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Gengwang Hu, Chao Liu, Runze Zhang, Liangliang Li, Shipeng Shao, Ruonan Zhang, Yundi Gao, Yi Guo, Ya Yang, Yu Wang, Luyang Tao
The genera Omosita and Nitidula from the family Nitidulidae, are often reported to be associated with rotten animal carcasses. However, morphological descriptions of their larval stages are limited and are usually only from the third instar larvae, which does not provide enough systematic data. In this study, the overall structure of three instar larvae from the four Nitidulidae species was compared using optical microscopy, and the resolution was not satisfactory. To compensate, a large number of structures and organs were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM)...
December 18, 2023: Arthropod Structure & Development
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38104497/ultramorphology-of-the-proboscis-and-sensilla-of-the-asian-corn-borer-ostrinia-furnacalis-lepidoptera-crambidae
#15
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Yi-Fan Wang, Qing-Xiao Chen
The Asian corn borer, Ostrinia furnacalis (Guenée), is one of the most destructive lepidopteran pests affecting maize in Asia. Previous research on the feeding behavior of O. furnacalis has mostly focused on larvae, but the adult feeding preference has been unclear hitherto. In this study, we investigated the ultramorphology of the proboscis and sensilla of O. furnacalis using scanning electron microscopy and made morphological comparisons between the sexes, attempting to make predictions on the food preference and feeding behavior of the adults...
December 16, 2023: Arthropod Structure & Development
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37925773/immature-stages-of-utetes-anastrephae-hymenoptera-braconidae-developed-in-anastrepha-fruit-fly-larvae-diptera-tephritidae
#16
JOURNAL ARTICLE
María Dina Estrada-Marroquín, Jorge Cancino, Daniel Sánchez-Guillén, Pablo Montoya, Pablo Liedo
The morphology of the immature stages of Utetes anastrephae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), a native parasitoid of larvae of flies of the Neotropical genus Anastrepha (Diptera: Tephritidae), is shown. This study aimed to characterize the immature stages and morphological changes in the development of the koinobiont endoparasitoid in two species of larval hosts, Anastrepha obliqua and Anastrepha ludens. The definition of structures and morphological changes during development was made through daily microscopic observations and photographs of dissected hosts...
November 3, 2023: Arthropod Structure & Development
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37924698/the-cranial-apparatus-glands-of-the-canthariphilous-pyrochroa-coccinea-coleoptera-pyrochroidae-pyrochroinae-and-their-implications-in-sexual-behaviour
#17
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Marco Molfini, Maurizio Muzzi, Emiliano Mancini, Marco A Bologna, Andrea Di Giulio
Some Pyrochroidae species are known as "canthariphilous" for their attraction to cantharidin (CTD), a toxic terpene with anti-predatory effects, produced in nature by only two beetle families (Meloidae and Oedemeridae). It has been demonstrated that males of Neopyrochroa flabellata ingesting CTD are positively selected by females. Indeed, the compound is re-emitted from a glandular cranial apparatus as secretions that are licked up by females during courtship behaviour, inducing copulation. Herein, we provide the first description of the glands associated to the cranial apparatus of male Pyrochroinae using the European species Pyrochroa coccinea as a model...
November 2, 2023: Arthropod Structure & Development
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37879171/immunolocalization-of-sifamide-like-neuropeptides-in-the-adult-and-developing-central-nervous-system-of-the-amphipod-parhyale-hawaiensis-malacostraca-peracarida-amphipoda
#18
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Sophie Raspe, Katja Kümmerlen, Steffen Harzsch
Immunohistochemical analyses on the distribution of neuropeptides in the pancrustacean brain in the past have focussed mostly on representatives of the decapod ("ten-legged") pancrustaceans whereas other taxa are understudied in this respect. The current report examines the post-embryogenic and adult brain and ventral nerve cord of the amphipod pancrustacean Parhyale hawaiensis (Dana. 1853; Peracarida, Amphipoda, Hyalide), a subtropical species with a body size of 1.5 cm and a direct post-embryonic development using immunohistochemistry to label the neuropeptide SIFamide and synaptic proteins (synapsins)...
October 23, 2023: Arthropod Structure & Development
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37866256/walking-leg-regeneration-in-the-sea-spider-nymphon-brevirostre-hodge-1863-pycnogonida
#19
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Maria Petrova, Ekaterina Bogomolova
Regeneration is widespread across all animal taxa, but patterns of its distribution and key factors determining regeneration capabilities stay enigmatic. A comparative approach could shed light on the problem, but its efficacy is limited by the fact that data is only available on a few species from derived taxa. Pycnogonida are nested basally within the Chelicerata. They can shed and replace their walking legs and have a high regeneration capacity. In this work, we carried careful observation on leg appendotomy and regeneration processes in a sea spider under laboratory settings...
October 20, 2023: Arthropod Structure & Development
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37866255/morphology-and-ultrastructure-of-the-mandibular-gland-in-camponotus-japonicus
#20
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Wenjing Xu, Liangliang Zhang, Ruoqing Ma, Johan Billen, Hong He
The mandibular gland is an important exocrine gland connected to the mandibles. In ants, it plays a crucial role in alarm communication and reproduction. While the overall morphology of the mandibular gland does not vary much between ant species, significant differences exist in the ultrastructural characteristics and gland size in some reported cases. However, there have been few systematic comparative studies on this subject. In this paper, we conducted microscopic observations to analyze the morphological and ultrastructural similarities and differences of the mandibular gland in different castes of Camponotus japonicus...
October 20, 2023: Arthropod Structure & Development
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